Data Sheets by Vyasa IAS

DATA SHEET -POILITY, SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, ECONOMY BY VYASA IAS
DATA SHEET SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MAINS 365
1. ARTIFICAL INTEELLIGENCE
Potential to boost national growth rate by 1.3% and add 1 trillion dollars by 2035 to India’s economy.
2. DATA CENTRES
As per Nasscom, India is expected to see investments of around $4.5 biilion by 2025.
Size of digital economy in india is estimated to grow from $200 billion in 2017-18 to $1 trillion by 2025.
3. BIOTECHNOLOGY
India among top 12 destinations globally. Estimated to increase to USD 150 Billion by FY 2025.
4. INDIA’S BIOECONOMY
Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) Science & Technology stated that India’s bioeconomy is likely
to touch 150 billion dollars by 2025 and over 300 billion dollars by 2030.
5. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
a. 42nd rank amongst 55 countries in latest International Intellectual Property Index.
b. More than 50% increase in patent filling from 2014-15 to 2021-22.
c. Reduction in Time of patent examination from 72 months in Dec 2016 to 5-23 months at present.
6. PRIVATE SECTOR IN SPACE
a. Indian space sector has the potential to capture 9% of global market share by 2030 (from around 2% at
present). S
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7. SPACE TOURISM
a. Global space tourism market size was estimated at around USD 870 million in 2022 and is expected to
reach USD 1.3 Billion by 2025.
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8. ONE HEALTH
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a. 60% of pathogens that cause human diseases like Covid-19 originate from domestic animals or wildlife.
b. 75% of emerging human pathogens are of animal origin.
c. 80% of pathogens that are of bioterrorism concern originate in animals.
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d. More than 70% additional animal protein will be needed to feed the world by 2050.
e. More than 20% of global animal production losses are linked to animal diseases.
f. Humans and their livestock are more likely to encounter wildlife (this may increase the transmission of
diseases) when more than 25% of an original forest cover is lost.
g. Human actions have severely altered 75% of terrestrial environments and 66% of marine environments.
9. TRANSFAT
a. Five billion people globally are exposed to harmful trans-fat, increasing their heart disease and death
risk.
b. In 2022, three countries – India, Oman and Uruguay – implemented best-practice TFA policies, doubling
the size of the population that is protected by bestpractice TFA policies to 2.8 billion people.
10. ANTI-MICROBIAL RESISTANCE (AMR)
a. AMR Among the top 10 global public health threats facing humanity and is associated with the deaths of
4.95 million people in 2019 which is more than HIV or malaria.
b. AMR could cost the world’s economy USD 100 trillion by 2050.
c. As per Lancet, report AMR is a leading cause of death worldwide and is killing about 3500 people every
day.
d. In the next decade, AMR could result in a GDP shortfall of at least USD 3.4 trillion annually.
11. TUBERCULOSIS
a. National Strategic Plan (NSP), 2017- 2025: to eliminate TB by 2025, five years ahead of the target for TB
set by SDG, 2030.
b. TB Free India Campaign launched by PM to eliminate Tuberculosis in India by 2025.
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c. Moscow Declaration, 2017: to increase multisectoral action and enhance accountability in the global TB
response towards ending TB by 2030.
d. WHO End TB Strategy: It serves as a blueprint for countries to reduce TB incidence by 80%, TB deaths by
90%, and to eliminate catastrophic costs for TB-affected households by 2030.
e. Find. Treat. All. #EndTB: It is the joint Initiative of WHO, Stop TB Partnership, and Global Fund to
diagnose treat and report 40 million people with TB.
f. TB patient registration has improved by 56%. 722 (94%) districts of India have expanded TPT.
g. Highest incidence of cases was in Delhi (546 per lakh population) and the lowest in Kerala (67 per lakh
population).
h. The treatment initiation rate among the notified cases for 2022 was 95.5%.
i. NCDs including heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes and chronic lung disease, are collectively
responsible for around 74% of all deaths worldwide.
j. National Action Plan: By Ministry of Health and Family Welfare launched in response to the “WHO Global
Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of NCDs 2013-2020”.
k. Emphasis on the NCD Implementation Roadmap for the Global Action Plan 2023– 2030.
12. GENERIC DRUGS
a. India is the largest provider of generic medicines globally, occupying a 20% share in global supply by
volume.
b. Economic Survey 2022-23 estimated India’s domestic pharmaceutical market to touch $130 billion by
2030. S
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13. NUCLEAR ENERGY IN INDIA
a. Present installed nuclear power capacity is 6780 MW comprising of 22 operational nuclear power
reactors.
a
b. Of the total installed capacity of 4.16,91 MW (April 2023), Nuclear contributed 1.6%.
14. SMALL MODULAR REACTORS (SMR)
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a. The global market for SMRs is expected to be $300 billion a year by 2040.
b. According to the IEA, annual global investment required for nuclear power expansion is around USD 100
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billion by 2030.
15. USE OF TECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE
a. India is the third-largest nation in terms of funding received and start-ups in the agritech space.
b. Agritech is projected to grow to a $30-$35 billion market by 2025.
DATA SHEET POLITY MAINS 365
1. DELEGATED LEGISLATION
a. A study has shown that from 2008 to 2012, only 101 pieces of delegated legislation, out of a total of 6,985
had been scrutinised by the committees.
2. PARLIAMENTARY PRODUCTIVITY
a. Winter Session of Parliament adjourned with Lok Sabha’s productivity at 47% and Rajya Saba at 42%.
b. National Commission to Review the Working of Constitution has recommended minimum number of
sittings for Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha should be fixed at 120 and 100 respectively.
3. WOMEN IN JUDICIARY
a. Women in working strength of judges is 12.5% in SCs, 13% in HCs and 35% in Subordinate Courts.
b. Only three times (2013, 2018, 2022) in history of SC all women benches were formed.
c. SC currently has only 3 women judges, and country will get its first woman chief justice only in 2027.
4. PRISON REFORM
a. More than 77% of jail inmates are undertrials.

b. About 5.54 lakh people in prison across India, as against a capacity of about 4.25 lakh.
c. Highest deaths in police custody in 2021-22 (175).
5. DEATH PENALTY
a. In 2012, a survey found that nearly 70% of Indians favored capital punishment continuance.
b. >40% increase in Prisoners on Death Row in 2022 as compared to 2015.
c. >113 countries had abolished death penalty at end of 2022.
6. FAST TRACK SPECIAL COURTS
a. Of the sanctioned 1800 FTCs, 843 were functional as of January 2023.
b. Pendency increasing by 40% since 2020.
c. Of the 1023 sanctioned FTScs, 764 FTSCs, including 411 exclusive POCSO Courts, are functional in 28
states/UTs as of January 2023.
d. 1.98 lakh cases are pending in these FSTCs.
7. TRIBUNAL
a. Central Administrative Tribunal: 44,333 cases.
b. Custom, Excise and Service Tax Appellate Tribunal: 90,592 cases.
c. Income Tax Appellate Tribunal: 90,538 cases
d. Armed Forces Tribunal: 10,222 cases.
8. ELECTORAL FUNDING
a. Income from Unknown sources (FY 2021-22): 66.04%.
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b. Income from Known sources in FY 2021-22 (donation details declared to ECI): 23.74%.
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c. Income from other known sources {FY 2021-22}: 10.22%.
9. REMOTE VOTING FOR DOMESTIC MIGRANTS
a. Voter turnout in General Elections 2019 was 67.4 % indicating over 30 crore electors not exercising
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their franchise.
b. As per 2011 census, there are nearly 45.36 crore migrants in India amounting to approximately 37% of
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country’s population.
10. REGULATION OF FAKE NEWS
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a. Total of 1,527 cases of fake news were recorded in 2020 against 486 cases in 2019 (NCRB report).
11. INTERNET SHUTDOWN
a. As per report published by Human Rights Watch and Internet Freedom Foundation, at least 54 out of
127 internet shutdowns reported between 2020 and 2022 in India were in response to protests. Also,
most number of shutdowns was observed in Rajasthan.
12. DEMOCRATIC DECENTRALISATION IN INDIA
a. Currently, 49% of elected local representatives (1.4 million) are women and over 4 lakh members
belonged to SCs and STs.
DATA SHEET ECONOMY MAINS365
1. EMPLOYMENT
a. 41.3% was the Labour Force Participation Rate. (PLFS 2021-22)
b. 4.1% of the workforce was unemployed despite seeking active employment.
c. About 52 crore workers make up India's workforce.
d. 46% of the workers are employed in Agriculture.
2. GIG ECONOMY
a. 77 lakh gig workers in India in 2010-21.
b. 56% of new employment in India is being generated it.
c. Can create up to 90 million jobs in the non-farm sector in India.
d. 47% of the Gig Workforce in India undertake medium Skilled Jobs.

3. INSURANCE SECTOR
a. FDI limit in insurance sector increased from 49% to 74%.
b. 4.2% is India's overall insurance penetration in FY21.
c. $91 is India's overall insurance density in FY21.
d. 12% is the average annual growth rate of insurance sector in India.
e. India is the 10th largest insurance market in the world.
4. SKILL DEVELOPMENT
a. In India, only around 5% of the workforce is formally skilled against 52% in the US and
96% in South Korea.
b. India has entered its 37 years long demographic dividend period, lasting from 2018 to
2055.
c. Only 50.3% of India’s educated people are employable, as per India skills Report, 2023.
5. POVERTY ALLEVIATION
a. 364 million people are below poverty line in India.
b. More than 16% of the population in India (2020) is multidimensionally poor.
c. 12.3% decline in extreme poverty in India (from 22.5% in 2011 to 10.2% in 2019).
d. 2/3rd of the World’s Poor live in conflict-affected countries.
6. DIRECT BENEFIT TRANSFERS (DBT)
a. India saved over $27 bn in key central government schemes through Direct Benefit
Transfers (DBT). S
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7. URBAN POVERTY
a. Urban centres are important centers of economic activity, they contribute nearly 65% of
India’s GDP.
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b. 17% of urban households (13.75 million in numbers) are slum dwellers (as per the
Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty alleviation).
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8. POVERTY INCLUSION
a. 14.7 bank branches per 100,000 adults in 2020, higher than Germany, China and South
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Africa.
b. 49 Crore+ PMJDY accounts with over 55% accounts held by women.
c. 16.31 crore enrolment, till May 2023, under PM Jeeven Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY).
d. Bottom 50% of the global population owns just 2% of wealth and 8% of income. (World
Inequality Report 2022).
9. INEQUALITY IN INDIA
a. 1% increase in food inflation leads to a 0.5 % rise in undernourishment.
b. Richest 1% in India now own more than 40% of the country's total wealth.
c. Only 19 % of employed women are in regular salaried jobs compared to 60 % of
employed men.
10. MAHILA SAMMAN SAVINGS CERTIFICATE
a. Two-year tenure (valid upto 2025) and provides fixed interest rate of 7.5% compounded
quarterly.
b. MSSC accountholder can withdraw a maximum up to 40% of eligible balance once after
expiry of one year from date of opening of account but before maturity of account.
c. Minimum amount to be invested is Rs.1,000 and any sum in multiples of Rs.100.
Maximum investment limit is Rs.2 lakh.
11. HOUSING
a. 3 crore and 1.2 crore houses required in rural and urban areas respectively.
b. Over 1 crore houses grounded under PMAY (U) and over 75 lakh houses completed.
c. Over 2 crore houses grounded under PMAY (R) and over 2.29 crore houses completed.
12. PRADHAN MANTRI AWAS YOJANA (URBAN)

a. Actual demand for housing under the scheme stands at 1.23 crore and not the estimated
2 crore.
b. As of December 2022, 5.6 lakh houses were not delivered to beneficiaries due to lack of
basic services.
c. Only 87% sanctioned houses have been grounded till December 2022 and 61 lakh houses
have been delivered to beneficiaries.
d. As of October 2022, less than 50% of houses have been completed in north eastern states
(except Tripura) due to geographical and economic reasons.
e. High-cost burden on beneficiary: Some states such as Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya, and
Rajasthan are not providing their share. As a result, the average beneficiary contribution
comes about to 60%.
f. Low sanctioning of houses under ISSR vertical: The number of houses sanctioned under it
is low. Against a demand of 14.35 lakh houses, only 30% were sanctioned.
13. PRADHAN MANTRI AWAS YOJANA - GRAMIN (PMAY-G)
a. To construct 2.95 crore houses with all basic amenities by the year 2022 (now extended
to 2024 after COVID pandemic) to all rural houseless households and those living in
kutcha and dilapidated houses by providing financial subsidy.
14. LAND RECORDS MODERNIZATION IN INDIA
a. 94% of villages have completed Computerization of Land Records (Record of Rights i.e.
RoR). S
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b. 70% of Cadastral Maps have been digitised.
c. 1.15 ha was the average farm size in 2010-11.
d. <10% of the land is under non-agricultural uses.
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15. GOVERNMENT FINANCE

a. 6.4% of GDP as fiscal deficit for FY23.
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b. 83.1% public debt-to-GDP ratio for FY23

c. 29.5% combined debt-to-GDP ratio of States at end-March 2023.
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d. 60% debt-to-GDP ratio (40% Central Government and 20% combined debt-to-GDP ratio of
States) by FY25 to avoid the debt spiralling out of control.
e. Aim for fiscal stability for India in the long run and bring fiscal deficit target below 4.5% of
GDP by FY26.
16. FISCAL DEFICIT
a. Fiscal Deficit of Union Government reached 9.2% of GDP during pandemic year FY21.
b. Fiscal deficit for FY23 moderated to 6.4% of GDP and is further targeted at 5.9% in FY24.
c. The Government aims to reach a fiscal deficit level below 4.5% of GDP by 2025-26.
d. The Combined Gross Fiscal Deficit (GFD) of states, which increased to 4.1% of GDP in the
pandemic affected year, was brought down to 2.8% in FY22.
e. Direct tax collection of Rs 16.61 lakh crore in FY23.
f. 22% increase in Gross GST Collections in FY23.
g. Aggregate Revenue Receipts of State Governments and UTs was 14.9% of the GDP, out of
which 55% was from own taxes.
h. Aggregate Expenditure of State Governments and UTs was 18.5% of the GDP, out of which
83% was revenue expenditure and capital expenditure was 17%.
i. FRBM Targets set by FRBM Review Committee, under N K Singh are:
i. Fiscal Deficit: 2.5% of GDP by March 31, 2023
ii. Revenue Deficit 0.8% of GDP by March 31, 2023.
iii. Debt to GDP ratio: 60% (40% limit for centre and 20% limit for states).
j. States’ gross fiscal deficit (GFD) is budgeted to decline from 4.1% of GDP in 2020-21 to
3.4% in 2022-23 due to high revenue collections.

k. States’ debt is budgeted to ease to 29.5% of GDP in 2022-23 as against 31.1% in 2020-21.
(Although improved, but it is still higher than 20% as recommended by FRBM Review
Committee.)
l. The share of untied funds (tax devolution + revenue deficit grants) in central transfers to
states has declined from 32.4% during 2015-20 to 29.5% of the Centre’s gross revenue
receipts for 2021-26 (15th Finance Commission).
m. Scheme for “Special Assistance to states for Capital Investment”, providing ₹1,00,000
crore interest free loan for 50-years.
n. The 15th Finance Commission (FC-XV) recommended 4.36 lakh crore as grants to Local
governments for the period 2021-22 to 2025-26.
17. DIRECT TAXATION
a. 11.7% tax-GDP ratio in FY 22 (6% for direct taxes and 5.7% for indirect taxes).
b. Record Rs 16.61 lakh crore direct tax collections for FY2022-23, jump of 17% from the
previous year.
c. Direct tax buoyancy at 2.52 was the highest in the last 15 years.
d. The Budget 202324 had set a direct tax revenue target of Rs. 18.2 trillion for FY2023-24.
e. The centre projected corporate tax at Rs 9.20 lakh crore and personal income tax at Rs 9
lakh crore for FY2023-24.
f. Despite record Gross tax collections (Rs 2.07 lakh crore), the Tax-GDP ratio is much lower
than OECD countries (33.5% in 2020). S
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18. ASSET MONETISATION
a. With projected infrastructure investment of ₹111 lakh crores during FY 2020 to FY 2025
under the National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP), 15- 17% of it is expected to be met
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through innovative and alternative initiatives such as asset monetisation.

b. There is an aggregate monetisation potential of ₹6 lakh crore through core assets of the
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central government over a four-year period from 2021-22 to 2024-25.

c. Around 83% of the aggregate value is to come from the top five sectors (roads, railways,
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power, oil and gas pipelines and telecom).

19. BANKING
a. 15.4% Credit Growth for Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs) in FY22-23.
b. 4.5% Gross NPA ratio and 1.2% Net NPA of SCBs at end- December 2022.
c. 71.6% was the Provision Coverage Ratio (PCR) of SCBs in September 2022
20. ASSET-QUALITY AND RESTRUCTURING
a. The Gross Non-Performing Assets (GNPAs) of Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs) fell to a
seven-year low of 5% in September 2022 and Net NPAs reduced to 1.3%.
b. The sectoral share of the NPAS is dominated by the Infrastructure sector.
c. Disproportionate share of Public Sector Banks (PSBs) Le, about 9/10th of NPAS.
d. India has been one of the worst affected economies from the Global Financial Crisis of
2008.
21. IMPROVEMENT IN THE NON-PERFORMING ASSETS (NPAS)
a. RBI’s recent ‘Report on Trend and Progress of Banking in India 2021-2022’ highlights the
banking Gross NPAs (GNPAs) declining to 5% from a peak of 9% in 2017-18.
b. Banks have written off bad loans worth more than ₹10 lakh crore.
c. Banks have recovered an aggregate amount of more than ₹6.5 lakh crore.
22. INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY CODE (IBC)
a. The average time taken for resolution has decreased from 4.3 years in 2017 to 650 days in
2021-22.
b. 64% of ongoing CIRPs have crossed the 270 days limit

c. Declining rates of recovery with higher haircuts, i.e., the amount of debt that banks forgo.
E.g., in FY22, for 100 out of 500 companies that saw proper resolutions under IBC, the
haircuts were above 90%.
d. Upholding Home Buyer’s Rights: Though homebuyers are recognized as financial
creditors, it requires a minimum threshold of 10% or 100 homebuyers.
23. PAYMENT SYSTEMS
a. As per RBI, cash accounts for nearly 50% of all transactions in India, adding that the
number went further north up to 70% for transactions below Rs 500.
b. 50% volume of India's digital payments is dominated by Debit Cards, PPIs, and IMPS
c. 53% value of India's digital payments is dominated by RTGS and NEFT
d. 22.4 digital transactions were happening per capita In 2019 (from 2.4 in 2014).
24. SCHEME FOR FINANCIAL SUPPORT TO DIGITAL PAYMENTS
a. According to National Centre for Financial Education, only 27% of Indians are financially
literate.
25. FINTECH SECTOR
a. Indian FinTech industry valued at $50-60 Bn in FY21 and is estimated at around150 Bn by
2025.
b. India had a Fintech adoption rate of 87% in March 2020, compared to a global average of
64%.
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c. India has the 3rd largest FinTech ecosystem globally.
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26. DIGITAL LENDING
a. RBI identified over 600 illegal lending apps in 2021, more than half of the total lending
apps in India.
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27. EXPORT SECTOR

a. US$ 770.18 billion was India's overall exports (merchandise and services combined) in
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2022-23
b. 1.8% was India's share in world's exports (China-13% and US-99%
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c. India's exports are about 18% of its GDP

d. India's services trade has been a major driver of its exports.
28. FOREIGN TRADE POLICY
a. India has reached record high Export Performance and India's Merchandise and Services
exports are expected to cross record USD 760 Billion in FY 2022-23.
29. TRADE FACILITATION AND EASE OF DOING BUSINESS (EODB)
a. Selected towns producing goods of Rs. 750 Crore or more may be notified as TEE based
on the potential for growth in exports (TEE in Handloom, Handicraft, Agriculture and
Fisheries sector, threshold limit would be Rs.150 Crore).
30. FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI)
a. Expected to reach to the tune of $100 Billion
b. 10% growth has been witnessed in growth of FDI in 2021 compared to 2020
c. 5th largest recipient of FDI with US being first and China second
d. Computer Software & Hardware' has emerged as the top sector during 2020-21 with
around 44% share of the total FDI Equity inflow
e. FDI into India reached an all-time high of $83.57 billion in 2021-22.
f. Decline in Growth Rate: The gross incoming FDI growth rate fell sharply to 2% in 2021-22,
from 10% in 2020-21
g. Increasing FDI outflows: The net FDI inflows (what's coming in minus what's going out) fell
by 10.6%, i.e., $39.3 billion net FDI in FY22 in comparison to $44 billion in FY21.
h. Concentrated to Few Sectors: Around 50% of the total FDI inflow went into just five
sectors, i.e., Services, Computer, Trading, Telecommunication and Automobile

31. INDIA’S FOREX DYNAMICS

a. In the face of continued dollar strength, India’s Foreign Exchange Reserves declined to
over two-year low of $532.66 billion.
b. According to RBI, 67% of the slump in forex reserves is because of decline in relative value
of non-dollar to dollar-based assets and US bonds.
32. UNDERSTANDING GLOBAL ECONOMY
a. Global growth: Plateauing at 2.8% with gradual growth for 2024.
i. Advanced economies: 1.3%.
ii. Emerging economies: 4.5%.
b. Global debt: global average of debt ratios (Public debt as a ratio to GDP) approached
100%
c. Global inflation: will decrease from 8.7% in 2022 to 7.0% this year.
33. GLOBAL DEBT MANAGEMENT
a. As per IMF World Economic Outlook, January 2023 – 15% low-income countries are in
debt distress, additional 45% at high risk and 25% emerging market economies also at
high risk.
b. Resurgence of the Covid-19 pandemic, especially in China in 2022, dampening global
growth. Covid-19 is estimated to push over 100 million people into extreme poverty
c. IMF - Approved $272 billion to 94 countries since start of pandemic, of which 57 were
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low-income countries. It also started Food Shock Window to tackle the global food crisis.
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d. WORLD BANK - Deployed over $157 billion to fight economic, social and health impact of
Covid-19
e. G20 - Established Debt Service Suspension Initiative (DSSI) in May 2020 and laid Common
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Framework for Debt Treatments beyond DSSI with Paris Club countries.
34. WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION
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a. The WTO is by far the largest trade body in the world. It encompasses: More than 85% of
the population in the world + 95% of the trade that happens across the world.
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35. AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION

a. Indian farm mechanisation level is at 40-45% compared to that of the United States
(95%), Brazil (75%) and China (57%) (NABARD, 2018)
b. India's farm equipment market is 7% of the global market, with more than 80% of the
value contribution coming from tractors.
36. AGRICULTURAL CREDIT
a. Every 1% increase in agricultural credit produces 0.29% increase in agricultural GDP and
consequently aiding in increased income.
37. PRIMARY AGRICULTURAL CREDIT SOCIETIES
a. The Cabinet cleared a plan for setting up 2 lakh Primary Agricultural Credit Societies
(PACS), dairy, and fisheries cooperatives in the country in the next five years.
38. FINANCIAL SUPPORT TO FARMERS
a. More than 11.60 crore farmers have been given the financial benefits of approximately
Rs1.60 lakh crore
b. Overall, 2-2.5% of GDP is provided as subsidy annually in the form of fertilizer, credit, crop
insurance and price support subsidies
c. 1/5 of the aggregate farm. income is in the form of subsidies
d. 50.2% of the agricultural households are under some kind of debt.
e. About 70% of the loans taken by farmers were from institutional sources.
f. Providing additional income sources to keep farming remunerative and Doubling Farm
Income by 2022.
39. MINIMUM SUPPORT PRICE (MSP)

a. Recently, Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) approved an increase in

Minimum Support Price (MSP) for six rabi crops for 2023-24
b. Increase in MSP is in line with Union Budget 2018-19 announcement of fixing MSP at a
level of at least 1.5 times of All-India weighted average cost of production.
c. In 2021, more than 95% of paddy growers benefit from MSP in Punjab while in Uttar
Pradesh, only 3.6% of farmers benefitted.
d. In 2020-21, food subsidy bill was nearly 30% of net tax revenue of the central
government, reflecting huge financial burden on the government.
40. INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF MILLETS (IYM) 2023
a. Millets contain 7-12% protein, 2-5% fat, 65-75% carbohydrates and 15-20% dietary fibre.
41. FOOD STORAGE IN INDIA
a. The country's current godown facilities can store only up to 47% of the produce.
42. ALLIED SECTOR
a. 7.9% of CAGR of Livestock sector during 2014-15 to 2020-21, contributing 30.1% in total
agriculture GVA in 2020-21 (at constant prices).
b. 24% of the global milk production happens in India, contributing 5% of national economy
and employing more than 8 crore farmers directly.
c. 37% of India’s total exports are contributed by the Horticultural Sector.
d. 3rd largest fish producing country in the world accounting for 8% of global production.
43. AQUACULTURE SECTOR S
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a. The Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying introduced the Coastal
Aquaculture Authority (Amendment) Bill, 2023.
b. 100% FDI allowed through automatic route in Pisciculture and Aquaculture.
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c. India: 3rd largest fish producer.

d. 2nd largest aquaculture nation in the world.
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e. 4th largest exporter of fish and fisheries.

f. 58.5 million people draw livelihood support from the sector.
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44. FOOD PROCESSING SECTOR

a. Sunrise sector with 8.3% AAGR (FY17-FY21), contributing 72.24 lakh crore Gross Value
added (GVA) in 2019-20-1.69% of the total GVA in the country
b. 20.05 lakh employees, Annual Survey of Industries 2018-19, with largest share of 12.2%
of total persons engaged in the registered manufacturing sector in the country
c. 22 operational Mega Food Parks out of 37 approved across the country.
45. AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS
a. India's agriculture exports touched a historic high of USD 50 billion during 2021-22
b. India has been a net exporter of agri-products since the economic reforms began in 1991
c. Share of India's agricultural exports in the world agriculture trade in 2021 was 2.4%.
d. Share of agricultural exports in India's total merchandise exports was 11.9% in 2021-22
e. Major destinations of exports for India's Agri and Allied commodities were Bangladesh,
United States of America, China, Vietnam, and United Arab Emirates.
46. INDUSTRY
a. 17% contribution of manufacturing sector to GDP almost stagnant since 1991.
b. 63" position in the Ease of Doing Business Index (from 142nd in 2014).
c. 9 Indian companies feature in Fortune 500 list of 2022.
d. Attract $100 bn inward FDI annually and support outward FDI to assert Indian Presence in
world markets.
47. MAKING INDIA A MANUFACTURING HUB
a. India is amongst the top 10 manufacturing nations of the world, with the 2nd largest
mobile phone manufacturer capacity and the third-largest startup environment.

b. The manufacturing sector employed 6.24 crore people in 2019-20 (as per the economic
survey reports) and received US$ 21.3 billion of FDI in 2021-22.
c. 2nd most soughtafter manufacturing destination of the world in the Global
Manufacturing Risk Index from Cushman & Wakefield’s.
d. Industry Confidence: India’s Manufacturing PMI (Purchasing Managers Index) has stayed
above 50 for the 23rd consecutive month since June 2021.
e. Large workforce: India will add 22% of the new global workforce in the next three
decades, i.e., between 2020 and 2050 (UN Population Fund, 2019).
f. High Economic Growth: Indian economy is the fastest-growing major economy and is
expected to become the world’s 2nd biggest economy by 2047.
g. Skilled manpower: In India, only 4.69% of workers are formally skilled as compared to
24% in China, 75% in Germany, and 96% in South Korea.
h. FDI inflows in India doubled to $83.6 billion, highest ever in FY2021-22 from US $45.15
billion in 2014-2015.
i. Import of toys in FY2021-22 have reduced by 70%.
48. PRODUCTION LINKED INCENTIVE (PLI) SCHEME
a. Stagnant manufacturing contribution to GDP (15-17% since 1991)
b. Large number of MSME's with nearly 90% workforce in informal jobs
c. Significant increase of 76% in FDI in theManufacturing sector in FY 2021-22.
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d. Exports boosted by Rs 2.56 Lakh Crore.
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e. Employment generation of around 3,25,000 people.
f. Actual investment of Rs. 62,500 Crore has been realized till March 2023.
g. Import substitution of 60% has been achieved in the Telecom sector.
a
49. TEXTILE SECTOR

a. It contributes 2.3% to the Indian GDP, 12% to the export earnings of India and held 5% of
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the global trade in textiles and apparel

b. India is one of the largest producers of cotton & jute in the world, the second-largest
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producer of silk in the world the 5th largest producer of Technical Textiles
c. 95% of the world's hand- woven fabric comes from India.
d. It provides direct employment to over 45 million people (21% of total employment).
50. TECHINCAL TEXTILES
a. Target: Domestic market size of technical textile to $ 40-50 Billion by 2024 with average
growth rate of 15-20% per annum.
b. India 5th largest market for technical textile in world.
c. India's current share is around $20Billion (around 8%) of world market size of $250 Bn.
d. 8% is annual average growth rate of this sector in India.
e. 5-10% is penetration level of technical textiles in India at against 30-70% in advanced
countries.
51. SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE (SAAS)
a. India is the 3rd largest SaaS ecosystem globally, after the USA and China.
b. India is on the path to surpass China to become the 2nd largest SaaS nation in the world
by 2026.
c. India presently has 21 SaaS unicorns as compared to one in 2018.
d. The number of SaaS companies in India has more than doubled in 2021 as compared to
2019.
e. Start-up India Seed Fund with an outlay of INR 945 Crore and Credit Guarantee Scheme.
52. E-COMMERCE
a. 8th largest e-commerce market globally
b. A sunrise sector with 10-15% share in India's retail market.

c. US$ 55.6 Billion was generated by the industry in 2021 and expected to reach US$ 350
billion by 2030
d. 13rd largest online shopper base of 140 million in 2020
e. 10 million internet users are added monthly (majorly from tier-Il cities) due to increasing
internet and Smartphone penetration.
f. 100% FDI allowed in B2B E-commerce and in e-commerce marketplace model.
53. OPEN NETWORK FOR DIGITAL COMMERCE (ONDC)
a. Around 1.2 crore hyperlocal merchants (Kirana) account for 80% of the retail sector in
India, with 90% of them being unorganized, or self-organized.
b. Global B2C e-commerce exports are predicted to increase from $800 billion to $8 trillion
by 2030.
c. India must plan to export $350 billion, or about one-third of its total goods, through E-
Commerce by 2030.
d. The consignment-wise cap on E-Commerce exports through courier has been raised from
₹5 Lakh to ₹10 Lakh.
54. TELECOM SECTOR
a. It is the 2nd largest telecom sector of the world with its market split into three main
segments- wireless, wireline and internet services
b. In terms of Urban-Rural India, around 66 crore connections are in Urban India and 53
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crore in Rural India (Rural tele-density of 59%)
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c. India has the second-highest number of internet subscribers globally with total internet
connections of 83.37 crore (June 2021)
d. It is one of the largest sector in terms of FDI inflows, contributing around 6% of total FDI
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inflow.
e. The sector contributes directly to 2.2 Mn employments and indirectly to 1.8 Mn jobs.
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f. Debt ridden sector with estimated industry debt at over 3.6 lakh crore.
g. The definition of adjusted gross revenue (AGR) has been under litigation for 14 years.
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55. DRAFT INDIAN TELECOMMUNICATION BILL, 2022

a. The existing regulatory framework includes Indian Telegraph Act, 1885, Wireless
Telegraphy Act, 1933 and Telegraph Wires (Unlawful Possession) Act, 1950, i.e., even the
latest is over 70 years old.
56. TOURISM SECTOR
a. 54th rank out of 117 countries in Global Travel and Tourism Development Index 2021 of
WEF, down from 46th in 2019
b. The National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER) reports that tourism in India
won't return to pre-pandemic levels until 2026
c. In 2020, the sector contributed around 4.7% to the total GDP of the country, a significant
decline compared to 7% in 2019
d. Third largest foreign exchange earner for the country until 2019.
e. Achieve $250 billion contribution of Tourism to the GDP by 2030.
f. Make India a World leader with a revenue goal of $1 trillion by 2047.
57. NATIONAL LOGISTICS POLICY (NLP)
a. Reduce cost of logistics in India to be comparable to global benchmarks by 2030
b. Logistics Perfromance Index ranking- endeavour to be among top 25 countries by 2030
c. The Indian Logistics sector is estimated to be over $250 billion in 2021 and expected to
reach $380 billion by 2025.
d. National Rail Plan to create a ‘future ready’ Railway system by 2030.
e. When compared to global benchmarks, the cost of logistics in India is extremely high - 13-
14% of GDP as compared to other major economies with 8-9% of GDP.

f. India ranked 38th in 2023 Global Logistics Performance Index (given by World Bank).
g. Despite nearly double cost of road transport in comparison to railways and waterways,
64.5% of goods are transported through roads compared to 25% globally.
h. In India, the logistics sector involves 20 government agencies, 40 Partner Government
Agencies, 37 Export promotion Councils, 500 certifications with over 10,000 commodities,
reducing Ease of Doing Business.
i. India has about 200 shipping agencies, 36 logistics services, 129 inland Container Depots,
168 Container Freight Stations, 50 IT ecosystems, banks and insurance agencies largely
working in silos.
58. DEVELOPMENT FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
a. With government backed National Bank for Financial Infrastructure and Development
(NaBFID) to start operation from Q1 of FY23, ₹1 trillion infrastructure lending target is set
for the year.
59. PORT SECTOR IN INDIA
a. 364 million people are below poverty line in India.
b. More than 16% of the population in India (2020) is multidimensionally poor.
c. 12.3% decline in extreme poverty in India (from 22.5% in 2011 to 10.2% in 2019).
d. 2/3rd of the World’s poor live in conflict-affected countries.
60. GREEN SHIPPING
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a. Centre sets 2030 as target for India to become global hub for green shipping.
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b. Target has been set for initial Green Tugs to start working in all major ports by 2025. At
least, 50% of all Tugs are likely to be converted into Green Tugs by 2030.
c. India has been selected as first country under IMO Green Voyage 2050 Project.
a
d. Ports must meet at least 60% of electricity needs via renewables by 2030 and 90% by
2047.
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e. Ports Must have at least one LNG bunkering station by 2030.

f. Setting up electric vehicle charging stations in and around port areas by 2025.
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61. INLAND WATERWAYS IN INDIA

a. Recently, Prime minister unveiled inland waterways projects worth over Rs 1000 crore to
increase transport, trade & tourism in eastern India.
b. National Waterways Act 2016 declares a total of 111 National Waterways. Out of this,
17,980 km of the river and 2,256 km of canals can be used by mechanized crafts.
c. Inland Water Transport in India forms only 0.5% of total transport; compared to 42% in
Netherlands, USA 8.3% and Europe 7%. o Road has freight movement around 65% and
Rail has around 27%.
d. As per Maritime India Vision (MIV) 2030 document, cargo movement on National
Waterways is targeted as 200 MMT by 2030 from current level of 83.61 Million Metric
Tonne (MMT) during FY- 2020-21.
62. MINING SECTOR
a. In terms of value of mineral production, about 97% comes from 7 states.
b. Only 10% of the obvious geological potential (OGP) area of India has been explored.
c. Accelerate the growth of the mining sector from 3% in 2017-18 to 14% with an average
growth of 8.5% during 2018-23.
d. Double the area explored from 10% of obvious geological potential (OGP) area to 20%.
e. Increase the job contribution from the current 10 million to 15 million in 2022-23.
63. GOLD MINING IN INDIA
a. The Centre is planning out a detailed roadmap to identify potential gold-bearing regions
to be developed by 2030 and boost gold production in the country with private
participation.

b. India is the world's second biggest consumer of gold, after China.

c. India’s gold mine production has the potential to reach 20 tonne per year, up from 1.6
tonne in 2020.
d. Gold reserves and resources: As per National Mineral Inventory data, total gold ore
reserves in the country have been estimated at 501.83 million tonnes.
e. Karnataka accounts for 88% of the total reserves, with the Dharwar craton being most
significant geological formation for gold mineralisation.
f. Over 50% of gold mineral resources (gold deposits that are potentially economically
viable) are located in Karnataka, 33% in Rajasthan, 6% in Bihar and 5% in Andhra Pradesh,
and remaining 6 % across other eight states.
g. India's gold imports rose 33.41% to $46.16 billion during 2021-22 from $34.6 billion in the
previous year.
h. India accounts for around 25% of the world’s gold demand.
64. LITHIUM DEPOSITS IN INDIA
a. This may be the seventh largest deposit of the rare element, accounting for roughly 5.7%
of all the reserves in the world.
b. um • Though found on each of the six inhabited continents, Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia
— together referred to as the “Lithium Triangle”— hold more than 75% of the world’s
supply.
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c. In FY2022, India imported lithium and lithium ion worth almost ₹14,000 crore, which is
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likely to increase going forward
d. India presently imports lithium from Hong Kong, China, USA, Australia and Argentina.
e. A World Bank study suggests that the demand for critical metals such as lithium (Li) and
a
cobalt is expected to rise by nearly 500% by 2050.

f. Although, China does not hold a lot of lithium reserve, it controls over half the global
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lithium processing and almost 75% of cell components and battery cell production in the
world.
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g. Extracting lithium from its ore is highly water-intensive, taking about 2.2 million litres of
water for one tonne of lithium
65. COAL AND OIL SECTOR
a. 50% of India's overall energy mix comes from Coal
b. 28% of India's overall energy mix comes from oil
c. 893 million tonnes of coal is produced by India every year
d. 4.9 million barrels of oil consumed per day with 87.6% of India's Oil needs being fulfilled
through imports in FY20.
e. 70% of India's Energy needs come from West Asia
f. Overall, India's primary energy demand is expected to nearly double to 1,123 million
tonnes of oil equivalent by 2040.

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS DATA SHEET
DATA SHEET OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

1. INDIA-CHINA RELATIONS
a. India’s bilateral trade with China reached a record $135.98 billion in 2022 and trade deficit of more than $100
billion.
b. China is second largest trading partner with major exports being petroleum products and major import electrical
machinery, nuclear product, etc.
c. China stands at 20th position with only 0.43% share in FDI equity inflow into India during April 2000 to December
2001.
2. INDIA TAIWAN RELATIONS
a. The bilateral trade which grew from $934 million in 1995 to $7.5 billion in 2011 shows slow growth since
then. The bilateral trade was $8.9 billion in 2021-22
3. INDIA-BANGLADESH RELATIONS
a. Bangladesh is biggest beneficiary of Line of Credit
b. Bilateral trade stood at $18.2 billion
c. Bangladesh is the largest trading partner of India in South Asia
4. INDIA-BHUTAN RELATIONS
a. India has committed an assistance package of INR 4500 crores to Bhutan for the 12th Five Year Plan (FYP).
b. India is Bhutan's largest trading partner and bilateral trade is around $1422 Mn for 2021-22.
c. India remains the leading source of investments in Bhutan, comprising 50% of the country's total FDI.
5. INDIA-NEPAL RELATIONS
a. Bilateral trade over US$ 11 Billion
b. India is Nepal’s largest trade partner and source of largest FDI.
c. India’s export to Nepal has grown over 8 times in the past 10 years.
6. INDUS WATER TREATY (IWT)
a. At current usage, India utilises a little over 90% of its quota of Indus water.
7. INDIA-MALDIVES RELATIONS
a. Bilateral trade stands at US$323 million, heavily in favour of India.
b. India emerged as Maldives 3rd largest trade partner in 2021.
8. INDIA AND NORTH EASTERN NEIGHBOURS
a. The northeastern region shares international borders of 5,812 km.
9. INDIA-INDIAN OCEAN REGION
a. India imports about 70% of its oil through the IOR and 90% of India's international trade by volume is dependent
on sea.
10. INDIA-SOUTH ASIA
a. 10% of the area of the Asian Continent.
b. Population of more than 1.65 million.
11. SOUTH ASIAN ASSOCIATION FOR REGIONAL COOPERATION (SAARC)
a. SAARC comprises 3% of the world’s land area, 21% of the world’s population and 5.21% (USD 4.47 trillion) of the
global economy.
12. SOFT LOAN DIPLOMACY
a. The volume of India’s soft loans to neighbouring countries has increased from $3 billion to almost $15 billion in
the last eight years.
b. The budget allocation for Soft loans went up from around $500 million in 2010 to $ 1.32 billion in 2019- 20(0.3%
of the entire budget that fiscal year).
13. INDIA-RUSSIA RELATIONS
a. Bilateral trade amounts to $ 13.2 billion in FY 2021-22.
b. Reached investment in India has reached $18bn in some priority sectors such as hydrocarbons, power, coal,
nuclear power, fertilisers, etc.
BY VYASA IAS CONTACT: 8851628134
c. Targets of increasing bilateral investment to $50 billion and bilateral trade to $30 billion by 2025.
14. INDIA-JAPAN RELATIONS
a. Bilateral trade stands at US$20.57 billion during FY 2021-22.
b. In 2021, India was the 18th largest trading partner for Japan, and Japan was 13th largest trading partner for India.
15. INDIA-SOUTH KOREA RELATIONS
a. Annual bilateral trade reached US$27.8 billion in 2022.
b. India is South Korea’s seventh-largest export market.
16. INDIA-VIETNAM RELATIONS
a. India’s investments in Vietnam are estimated at around US$ 2 billion.
b. Bilateral trade between India and Vietnam posted a growth of 27% and reached US$ 14 Billion last year.
c. Vietnam was India’s 4th largest trading partner within ASEAN.
17. INDIA-THAILAND RELATIONS
a. Bilateral trade reached an all-time high of around USD 15 billion in 2021-22.
18. INDIA AUSTRALIA RELATIONS
a. Bilateral trade amounts to US$ 116.36 billion in 2021.
b. India is Australia’s 9th largest trading partner.
c. Australia’s occupies the 29th position in FDI equity inflows into India with a cumulative FDI amount to US$1060.27
billion.
19. INDIA-UNITED KINGDOM (UK) RELATIONS
a. Bilateral trade stands at $25.7 billion with a trade surplus in favour of India.
b. India as the 2nd largest investor in the UK and UK is the 6th largest investor in India.
c. UK is the largest market in Europe for Indian IT services.
20. INDIA-EUROPEAN UNION RELATIONS
a. Bilateral trade amounts to USD 116.36 billion in 2021.
b. EU is India’s second-largest trading partner after the US.
c. EU is the second largest destination for Indian exports after US.
21. INDIA-GERMANY RELATIONS
a. Germany will provide additional development assistance of €10 billion till 2030 to support India’s green growth
plans.
b. It represents development projects in third countries by India and Germany.
c. Four projects are at an advanced stages of implementation under it with Cameroon, Malawi, Ghana and Peru as
third countries.
d. Indo-German Green Hydrogen Task Force was constituted in 2022.
22. INDIA-NORDIC RELATIONS
a. The total bilateral trade in goods and services between India and the Nordic countries is around $13 Billion in
2022.
23. INDIA-SAUDI ARABIA RELATIONS
a. Saudi Arabia is India’s fourth largest trading partner.
b. In FY 2021-22, bilateral trade between India and Saudi Arabia stood at US$ 42.8 billion.
c. More than 18% of India’s crude oil and around 22% LPG imports are sourced from Saudi Arabia.
24. INDIA-ISRAEL RELATIONS
a. Bilateral merchandise trade stood at US$ 5.66 billion with the balance of trade being in India’s favour.
b. India is Isarel’s third largest trade partner in Asia.
c. Trade in diamonds constitute close to 50% of bilateral trade.
25. India-Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
a. GCC is currently India’s largest trading partner bloc with bilateral trade in valued at over USD 154 billion.
b. GCC countries contribute almost 35% of India’s oil imports and 70% of gas imports.
c. Approximately 50% of India’s remittances (largest recipient in world in 2021) comes from GCC region.
d. Diaspora: GCC countries together host approximately 6.5 million Indians.

26. INDIA-AFRICA RELATIONS

a. Bilateral trade amounts to $46 billion in 2020-21.
b. India is fourth largest partner for Africa.
c. India is fifth largest investor in Africa.
d. India’s FDI flows to Africa are concentrated in the service sector.
27. INDIA-MAURITIUS RELATIONS
a. Bilateral trade rose to USD 787 million in 2021-22. Mauritius was third top source of FDI in India (2020-21).
b. Indian origin people comprise nearly 70% of Mauritius’s population.
28. SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY (SADC)
a. 35.4% of African’s land area.
b. 28.4% of African’s population.
c. 28.4% of African’s GDP.
d. India’s total trade with the SADC countries US$ 30.8 billion in 2021 (27.1 billion in 2012).
e. India’s trade deficit with SADC was recorded at US$ 5.4 billion in 2021.
f. South Africa accounted for around 47.2% of India’s total exports to the region in 2021.
29. INDIA-EURASIA RELATIONS
a. Eurasia region is geographically represented by Eurasian tectonic Plate comprising about 93 countires.
b. It is home to over 5 billion people.
30. INDIA-LATIN AMERICA RELATIONS
a. India’s annual trade with Latin America amounts to US$ 50 billion.
b. India’s exports to Latin America increased by 48% to reach 18.89 billion dollars in 2021-22.
c. India investments in the region are estimated between US $12 billion to US $16 billio in value-added sectors such
as pharmaceuticals, automobiles, information technology, energy, and power transmission.
d. Latin America accounts for 40% of global production of copper, supplies 35% of the world’s lithium.
31. INDO PACIFIC REGION
a. 65% of the world’s population.
b. 63% of the world’s GDP.
c. Dominates 50% of the world’s maritime trade.
32. INDO-PACIFIC ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK FOR PROSPERITY (IPEF)
a. Member states: US, Australia, Brunei, India, etc. Together, these countries account for 40% of the global GDP.
33. INDIA’S DISASTER RELIEF DIPLOMACY
a. Over 200,000 Indians have served 49 of the 71 UN Peacekeeping missions established since 1948 including the
missions in Korea, Congo etc. (This includes disaster relief operations as well).
34. INDIA AND PACIFIC ISLAND COUNTRIES (PIC)
a. Total annual trade is about a meagre $300 million between the Indian and Pacific Island countries.
35. INDIA-USA-CHINA TRIANGLE
a. China stakes claim to 90% of the South China Sea, and this claim is based on the U-shaped nine-dash line.
b. China is the source of around 16% of our overall imports and USA is also dependent on China as it acts as its
major manufacturing hub.
36. ALTERNATIVES TO BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE (BRI)
a. The United States aims to raise $200 billion over five years to fund needed infrastructure in developing countries
under a G7 initiative aimed at countering China's Belt and Road project.
b. According to reports, over 40 lower- and middleincome countries (LMIC) now have levels of debt exposure to
China higher than 10 per cent of their national GDP.
c. Slow progress due to implementation issues: As per a report, 35% of the BRI infrastructure project portfolio has
encountered corruption scandals, labour violations, environmental hazards, and public protests.
d. EU’s Global Gateway Project: The project aims to mobilise up to €300 billion in investments between 2021 and
2027 to underpin a lasting global recovery.

e. Clean Green Initiative: Launched by UK at COP26, a with over 3 billion pound of climate financing for clean and
resilient infrastructure in sectors such as clean energy, transport and urban development in developing countries
over the next five years.
37. SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANISATION (SCO)
a. Represents 60% of Eurasia’s territory.
b. 42% of the world’s population.
c. 20% of Global GDP.
38. QUAD
a. Represents a quarter of the world’s population.
b. Group’s total GDP is over $30 trillion.
c. In 2018, trade between the four countries totalled more than $ 440 billion.
39. EASTERN ECONOMIC FORUM (EEF)
a. As of 2022, almost 2,729 investment projects are being planned in the region.
b. Russia’s Far East (RFE) Region: China: It is the biggest investor in the region (account for 90% of the total
investments) + The region encompasses 1/3rd of Russia’s territory and is rich with natural resources such as fish,
oil, natural gas, wood, diamonds, coal and other minerals.
40. INDIA IN ARCTIC
a. The Arctic Sea is estimated to have around 13% of the world’s oil and nearly 30% of natural gas, it also hosts vast
reserves of Rare Earth minerals.
41. BRICS
a. 41% of the world’s population.
b. 24% of world GDP.
c. 16% share in world trade.
d. 29.3% of the total land surface.
42. ASEAN
a. Merchandise trade between India and ASEAN countries rose to $110.40 bn.
b. ASEAN is India’s 4th largest trading partner.
43. G20
a. 85% of World GDP
b. 75% of global trade.
c. 60% of the population.
d. More than 80% of fossil fuel emissions.
44. Group of Seven (G-7)
a. Represents 46 percent of global GDP.
b. 10 percent of world's populations Ilves In G7 countries.
c. Countries of the group are responsible for 25 percent of carbon emission.
d. G7 finance ministers agreed to back a global minimum tax of at least 15% on multinational companies.
45. G7 SUMMIT
a. Climate and energy: Members pledged to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050 and to limit global warming to
1.5°C.
46. BIMSTEC
a. 22% of the world's population.
b. Combined GDP of US$ 3.7 trillion.
c. India's percentage of annual trade with BIMSTEC countries as a percentage of its total foreign trade was 4% as of
2020.
47. DOHA POLITICAL DECLARATION
a. Host about 40% of world's poor.
b. Account for 13% of world population.
c. About 1.3% of global GDP

d. Less than 1% of global trade and FDI.

e. Only a fifth of the population has access to the internet.
48. RULES BASED WORLD ORDER
a. India is emerging market for Western technology, equipment and evolved to world's fifth largest almost $3
trillion economy.
b. Since 1990-2008, trade has slowed to 52% of world GDP in 2020, while protectionism has risen driven by an
increase in non-tariff and, tariff barriers.
49. INDIA’S ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY
a. Between 2008 and 2020, India disbursed approximately US$8.35 billion as grants and loans under various
development compacts.
b. The FDI inflow in India was at its highest ever at USD 81.97 billion in 2020-21.
50. SOFT POWER DIPLOMACY
a. India has been ranked 28th in Global Soft Power Index 2023.
b. Public Diplomacy Division was setup within the Ministry of External Affairs in 2006 to utilise the soft power assets
to reach the global audience.
c. Large diaspora with over 31 million including 13 million NRIs and 18 million PIOs.
51. INDIAN DIASPORA
a. India has the largest diaspora population with over 31 million including 13 million NRIs and 18 million PIOS.
b. UAE, the US and Saudi Arabla host the largest number of migrants from India. Others include Australia, Canada,
Kuwait, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar and the United Kingdom.
c. India is the first country to get $100 billion annual remittance in 2022.

DATA SHEET OF SECURITY BY VYASA IAS
DATA SHEET OF SECURITY

1. LEFT WING EXTREMISM (LWE)
a. Incidents of LWE violence have reduced to 76% from 2010 to 2022.
b. Number of LWE affected districts reduced from 35 to 25 from 2018 to 2021.
2. MEDIA AND SOCIAL MEDIA
a. Social Media users in India at the start of 2023 were equivalent to around 32.8% of the total population.
3. RANSOMWARE
a. Ransomware incidents have gone up by 53% in 2022 over 2021.
4. MONEY LAUNDERING AND SMUGGLING
a. Weak enforcement mechanism such as under Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA), prosecution
complaints have been filed in only 19% of the cases.
5. AMENDMENT TO THE PREVENTION OF MONEY-LAUNDERING (MAINTENANCE OF RECORDS) RULES, 2005
a. Any individual or group holding 10% ownership in the client of a “reporting entity” will now be considered a
beneficial owner as against the ownership threshold of 25% applicable earlier.
6. FOREIGN CONTRIBUTION REGULATION ACT
a. As per CBI report, less than 10 percent of 29-lakh registered NGOs across the country file their annual income
and expenditure.
b. Also, according to report by Intelligence Bureau, foreign-aided NGOs are actively stalling development projects
and impacting GDP growth by 2-3% per annum.
7. SMUGGLING AND COUNTERFEITING
a. $7 billion loss due to the counterfeit market in 2019-2020.
b. Loss of jobs: 3 million jobs lost due to illicit market.
8. COUNTERFEIT CURRENCY NOTES
a. The value of the counterfeit currency in the banking system has reduced from ₹43.47 crore in 2016-17 to about
₹8.26 crore in 2021-22, amounting to a sharp decline of more than 80%.
b. As per the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) data, the value of fake currency seized by various enforcement
agencies in 2017 was ₹28 crore which shot up to ₹92 crore in 2020.
c. Counterfeiting is punishable offence under Sections 489A to 489E of the Indian Penal Code.
9. DRUG TRAFFICKING
a. Number of users grew from 240 million in 2011 to 296 million in 2021.
10. TERRORISM
a. As per Global Terrorism Index (GTI) 2023, India ranked 13th on the index which is topped by Afghanistan.
11. LONE-WOLF TERRORISM
a. Estimates suggests that in 2016, social media platforms played a role in 90% of radicalization cases.
12. DEFENCE INDIGENISATION
a. India ranks 4th among 12 Indo-Pacific nation in self reliant arms production capabilities as per SIPRI.
b. As per SIPRI, 5th largest military spenders in 2022 were US, China, Russia, India and Saudi Arabia.
c. As per SIPRI, India was the world’s biggest importer of major arms in 2018-2022.
13. TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FUND (TDF)
a. Recently, limit of funding of innovative defense projects under Technology Development Fund (TDF) has been
raised to Rs 50 crore per project, from the present limit of Rs 10 crore.
14. THEATERISATION OF ARMED FORCES
a. Declining military spending: In 2023-24, the Defence Budget was merely 1.97% of the projected Gross Domestic
Product (GDP) against 2.5% of GDP in 2010-11.
15. AGNIPATH SCHEME
a. Youth (from 17.5 years to 23 age group) selected under this scheme will be known as Agniveers who will be
enrolled for a period of four years. They would form a distinct rank in the Armed Forces, different from any other
existing ranks.
CONTACT: 8851628134
DATA SHEET OF SECURITY BY VYASA IAS
b. Up to 25% of each specific batch will be enrolled in regular cadre based on objective criteria including
performance during their four-year engagement period.
16. POLICE FORCES
a. According to the Status of Policing in India Report 2019, police in India work at 77% of their sanctioned strength
and for 14 hours a day on average.
b. Absence of incentives to perform: 86% of the state police comprises of constabulary and lack of promotion
prospects weaken their incentive to perform.
c. Women are underrepresented in the police force, constituting only 10.3% of police force.
d. Expenditure on police accounts for about 3% state government budgets.
17. NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT
a. As per ICAN, nine countries possess nuclear weapons: USA, Russia, France, China, UK, Pakistan, India, Israel, and
North Korea.
b. In total, the global nuclear stockpile is close to 13,000 weapons.
c. While that number is lower than it was during the cold war (60,000) weapons worldwide).
18. 25 YEARS TO POKHRAN NUCLEAR TESTS
a. India has installed generating capacity of 2,225 MW in 1998-99 which increased 205 per cent to 6,780 MW in
FY23.
19. DEFENCE EXPORTS
a. India has a target of US $5 billion for defence export by 2024-25.
b. India’s defence export reaches an all-time high of approx. Rs 16000 crore in FY 2022-23.
c. In 2021-22, private sector accounted for 70% of the exports while public sector firms accounted for the rest.
d. Presently, India is exporting different equipment to more than 85 countries around the globe.
CONTACT: 8851628134
DATA SHEET- SOCIAL ISSUES
1. Women in Workforce
a. Female Labour Force Participation Rate (FLFRR) in India has reduced to 32.8% from 42.7% in 2004-05; For
the men the cu6rrent LFPR is 77.2%.
b. Gender Equality would increase India’s annual GDP growth by 1.4% (McKinsey Report).
c. Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act, 2017 enhanced paid maternity leave to 26 weeks from the
erstwhile 12 weeks.
d. Wage Disparity as men in India capture 82% of labour income (World Inequality Report 2022).
e. India ranked 135 among a total of 146 countries (Global Gender Gap Index 2022).
f. Digital Divide (only 35% women use internet).
2. PERMANENT COMMISSION FOR WOMEN
a. Indian Army, Air Force and Navy enlist only 0.56%, 1.08% and 6.5% of female candidates respectively.
b. Women comprise 10% of the Russian Armed forces and 16% of US.
3. WOMEN IN STEM
a. Globally only 18% girls in tertiary education are pursuing STEM studies against 35% of boys (World Bank).
b. In India Percentage of women researchers: Overall: Approximately 18%; In engineering and technology:
Approximately 14%; In natural science and agriculture: Approximately 22%; In health science:
Approximately 24%
4. CARE ECONOMY
a. Union Minister for Women and Child Development emphasised the significance of the care economy and
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its potential to create 300 million additional jobs, with 80% of them being led by women.
b. 75% of unpaid care work is delivered by women (globally) which is three times more than men.
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c. 1% of India’s GDP is spent on care economy
d. 3.1% of India’s GDP is the value of women’s unpaid work.
e. 80% of India men believe that child care is the primary responsibility of mother.
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5. WOMEN’S RESERVATION IN LEGISLATURES

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a. Women’s Reservation bill proposes to reserve 33% of seats in the Lok Sabha and State Legislative
Assemblies for women.
b. Representation of women in Parliament and in most state legislatures is less than 15%.
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c. India ranked 135 out of 146 countries on the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Index 2022.
6. SARPANCH PATIS
a. As per Women and Men in India 2022 report, of the over 31.8 lakh ERs, nearly 46% (over 14.5 lakh) were
women.
b. Many states like Bihar, Kerala, Maharashtra, Orissa, Rajasthan etc. have made legal provision for 50%
reservation for women among members and sarpanches.
7. VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
a. Increased 16.3% in 2021 against 2020.
8. MARRIAGE AGE OF WOMEN
a. The Prohibition of Child Marriage or PCMA (Amendment) Bill, 2021, proposes to raise the legal age of
marriage for women from 18 to 21 years was introduced in the Lok Sabha.
b. Age of Consent Act 1891, raised the age of consent for sex from 10 years to 12 years.
c. The average age to marry for women is 22.7 years.
9. SURROGACY
a. Certificate of eligibility for couples: Between 23 to 50 years old (wife) and 26 to 55 years old (husband).
10. ABORTION LAW IN INDIA
a. The Supreme Court (SC) extended the right to safe and legal abortion up to 24 weeks of pregnancy to all
women in the country, regardless of marital status.
b. 8 women die everyday in India due to unsafe abortion.
c. 67% abortion in India between 2007-11 were unsafe.
d. 15-19 years old women are at highest risk of dying from abortion related complications.
11. WASH AND GENDER INEQUALITY
a. 380 million women and girls live in extreme poverty globally.
b. 1 in 3 women face food insecurity globally.
c. 50 minutes per day is spent by Indian women in 25% rural household for collecting water.
d. According to the 2020 analysis by the World Resources Institute: Securing water for communities across
the world by 2030 could cost just over 1% of global GDP. It would take India 3.2% of the GDP to deliver
sustainable water management by 2030.
e. Jal Jeevan Mission: Launched in 2019 to provide every rural household with water supply by 2024.
f. UNICEF strategy for WASH 2016-2030: To guide UNICEF’s organization-wide contribution to achieving
SDG 6 by 2030.
12. URBANISATION AND WOMEN
a. 17% of people oppose female family members having jobs.
b. 20% of women in India are employed.
c. 29% of women in business globally are in senior decision-making positions.
d. 15% of Global environmental sector ministries were led by women in 2020.
13. CHILD LABOUR
a. 160 million child labour globally and 10.1 million in India.
b. CJI referred to ‘India analysis of Judgements of Special Courts in West Bengal, Assam and Maharashtra -
Romantic Cases under POCSO Act Study’ by Enfold Proactive Health Trust and UNICEF-India. As per this
study,
• One in every four cases under POCSO Act constituted romantic cases.
• 93.8% cases ended with acquittals.
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• In 46.6% cases, girl was between 16 to 18 years.
c. It is estimated that there are 29.6 million stranded, orphaned and abandoned children in India. Just 3-
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4,000 get adopted annually.
14. PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES (PWDS)
a. 2.21% of the total population are disabled persons.
a
b. 44% of the disable persons are women.

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c. 69% of the disabled persons live in rural areas.

d. 55% of disabled are illiterate.
e. Enactment of Rights of persons with Disabilities (RPD) Act, 2016, recognises 21 disabilities, prescribes 4%
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and 5% reservation in govt. employment and education (respectively).

15. ELDERLY IN INDIA
a. Share of elderly in total population: 9% in 2016 reaching to 20.5% by 2050.
b. Women among elderly: 48.2%
c. Elderly living in rural areas: 75%
16. INDIGENOUS PEOPLE
a. Comprise an estimate population of 104 million (8.6% of the national population), almost 90% of them living
in rural areas.
17. DENOTIFIED TRIBES (DNTS)
a. As per Renke Commission 2008, there are nearly 1500 nomadic and semi-nomadic tribes and 198
Denotified tribes, comprising 15 crore Indians.
18. FOUNDATIONAL LITERACY AND NUMERACY (FLN)
a. 72.8% children who cannot read a simple class 2-level sentence.
b. 82% children who cannot solve a basic subtraction problem by class 3.
c. 92% lost at least one language ability
d. 82% lost at least one mathematical ability.
e. According to UNICEF learning loss due to Covid-19 pandemic could cost this generation of students close
to $17 trillion in lifetime earnings.
f. In India, according to 2021 National Achievement Survey average performance of students had dropped
to 9% as compared 2017.
19. NATIONAL DIGITAL UNIVERSITY (NDU)
a. 61% of men owned mobile phones in 2021, compared to just 31% women.
b. Only 31% of rural population uses Internet compared to 67% of their urban counterparts.
c. Only 4.69% of total workforce is skilled in India have undergone any formal skills training.
d. Only 45.9% of college graduates are considered employable (2021 India Skills Report).
20. FOREIGN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS (FHEIS) IN INDIA
a. According to Ministry of Education (MoE), over 6.5 lakh Indian students went abroad in 2022 to pursue
higher education.
b. Foreign HEIs will help achieving 50% Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in higher education by 2035 as
envisaged in the NEP 2020.
21. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATION (AIED)
a. AI in Education systems have contributed to reach US$7.8 billion by 2025 at a rate of 20.2% CAGR.
b. Only 85% of adolescent girls in don’t have a laptop at home, and 83% got less than an hour at their
school computer labs per week.
22. UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE (UHC)
a. National Health Policy 2017 provides for UHC, and asks to raise public financing of health sector to 2.5%
GDP by 2025.
b. Chronic Underfunding which is around 1.5% of India's GDP.
c. Weak Primary health care (PHC) sector: 60% of PHCs in India have only one doctor while about 5% have
none.
d. Regional disparity in accessibility: About 80% doctors and 60% hospitals are present in urban areas
where only 1/3rd population lives.
e. Predominance of private healthcare (caters to around 70% of India's population
f. Low penetration of insurance policies (more than 80% in rural & urban areas do not have insurance
23.
coverage.
AYUSHMAN BHARAT
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a. Nearly 22 crore beneficiaries have been verified under the Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri – Jan
Arogya Yojana (AB PM-JAY) Scheme till 4th January 2023 highlights the Economic Survey 2022-23.
b. 1,54,070 AB-HWCs have been operationalized across the country by upgrading the SHCs and PHCs in
a
rural and urban area

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c. World’s largest Health Insurance scheme: It aims at providing a health cover of Rs. 5 lakhs per family per
year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization to the bottom 40% of the Indian population
d. Out-of-pocket expenses (OOPE): 48.8% of the total health expenditure + Under-five mortality rate
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(U5MR): 41.9
e. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR): 35.2
f. Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR): 97
g. Institutional Birth: 88.6%
24. UNIVERSAL IMMUNISATION
a. 98% of the population in India currently perceive vaccines as important for children
25. MENTAL HEALTHCARE
a. People living with mental illness: 1 in 7
b. People can’t access treatment: More than 80%
c. Prevalence of Suicide in India: 1,30 lakh in 2019
d. Cost of mental health issues borne by Indian firms: $14 billion/year.
26. STUDENT SUICIDES
a. As per data, recently presented in Rajya Sabha by the Ministry of Education, 33 students died by suicide
across the IITs since 2018.
27. RARE DISEASES
a. 80% of rare diseases are genetic and 1.4% of newborn children are affected by them. All pediatric
cancers are rare.
28. NEW ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION GUIDELINES
a. India: 3rd largest country in terms of transplants.
b. 17.8% of all transplants organs from deceased donors.
c. 1.5-2 lakh people need a kidney transplant each year.
29. GLOBAL FOOD CRISIS
a. Sustainable Agriculture: Reducing food loss and waste, which account for 8% of greenhouse gas (GHG)
emission globally.
30. GLOBAL HUNGER INDEX
a. India has slipped to 107th position in the Global Hunger Index (GHI) 2022 of 121 countries, from its 101st
position in 2021.
b. As many as 828 million people were undernourished in 2021.
c. With a score of 29.1, India has a level of hunger that is serious.
d. Ranked behind all South Asian countries except Afghanistan
31. NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY ACT (NFSA), 2013
a. Earlier, In 2020 the PM GKAY was launched to provide 5 kg of free food grains to NFSA beneficiaries in
addition to their monthly entitlement (35 kg to a Antyodaya household and 5kg per person in a Priority
Household) of subsidized food grains under the NFSA Act.
b. As per the Shanta Kumar committee leakages in PDS ranged from 40%-50%, and in some states go as
high as 60%-70%.
c. Up-to 75% Rural Population and 50% Urban Population coverage under Targeted Public Distribution
System (TPDS).
d. Uniform entitlement of 5kg per person per month (35kg per household per month for Antyodaya Anna
Yojana (AAY) households.
32. ANGANWADI SYSTEM
a. The Ministry of Women & Child Development (MoWCD) has recently informed the Parliament that it has
spent over Rs.18,000 crores in the last financial year to strengthen the Anganwadi system.
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b. The system serves to 906.17 lakh beneficiaries through:
• Anganwadi Centres (AWCs): There are around 13.89 lakh AWCs across the country that provide a
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platform for rendering all services under the scheme.
• Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) and Anganwadi Helpers (AWHs): There are around 13.14 lakhs
AWWs and 11.74 lakhs AWHs.
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c. There is a gap between sanctioned and operational number of AWCs across various states that ranges
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anywhere from 2% to 8.37%.

d. Meghalaya only 30.85% AWCs have drinking water facilities
33. MANUAL SCAVENGING
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a. There are at present approximately 58,098 “eligible manual scavengers” across the country.
b. The practice of manual scavenging was banned in 1993.
c. Hazardous cleaning of sewers and septic tanks has led to at least 351 deaths since 2017 but manual
scavenging no longer exist in the country.
34. INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT
a. Nearly 60% of migrant are vulnerable workers (outside agriculture) who face problems of low wages,
high risk jobs and the fear of being fired.
b. 57.8% of female and 25.8% of male migrants are illiterate (Census, 2011). About 80% of seasonal migrant
children in major destinations lack access to education near work sites.
c. 108.4 million people worldwide were forcibly displaced at he end of 2020.
d. 59 million people were IDPs in 2021.
e. US $21.5 billion was the direct cost of internal displacement.
35. WORLD POPULATION GROWTH
a. According to the UN, recently the world population reached 8 billion and will peak at 10.4bn sometime
between 2080 and 2100.
b. Now, India has overtaken China as the world’s most populous country, and it is likely to retain top spot till
2100.
c. Since 1950 India and China have provided 35% of the world’s population growth.
d. China is loosened its one child policy a 2 child policy in 2016 and a 3 child policy in 2021.
e. India’s population, meanwhile, will continue growing and is expected to peak at 1.7bn in 2064.
f. Although, India has attained ‘replacement level’ total fertility rate (TFR) which is 2.0 currently.
g. The IMR has decreased from 40.7 in 2015-16 to 35.3 in 2019-21.
h. Life expectancy at birth: It reached to 69.7 years in the 2015-19 period from 31 in 1947.
i. Unintended Pregnancies: 1 in every 7 unintended pregnancies of world occur in India.
j. As India has only 2.45% of the global surface area and 4% of the water resources.
36. WORLD HAPPINESS REPORT
a. India has been ranked at the 126th place among 137 countries in the World Happiness Report (WHR)
2023.
b. Top three countries are Finland, Denmark and Iceland respectively.
c. Afghanistan, Lebanon, Sierra Leone were in the bottom of the chart.
d. India ranked below Ukraine, Russia and its neighbours China, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh.
e. India also recorded the lowest use of social media platforms (31%) among emerging economies,
indicated a lower interaction among the residents, consequentially dipping in the happiness quotient.
f. Bhutan is not listed in the WHR 2023.
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DATA SHEET: ENVIRONMENT
1. 27TH CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES (COP 27)
a. requested to revisit and strengthen their 2030 climate targets by the end of 2023, as necessary to align with the
Paris Agreement.
b. Development of a framework for the global goal on adaptation to be undertaken through a structured approach
under the Glasgow–Sharm el-Sheikh work programme in 2023 at COP28.
c. New pledges, totaling more than USD 230 million, were made to the Adaptation Fund.
d. Global peaking and ‘climate neutrality’: Reach Global Net-zero emissions by 2050.
e. India needs tens of trillions of dollars by 2050 to achieve net-zero status by 2070.
2. INDIA AND CLIMATE ACTION
a. 45% reduction in emission intensity by 2030 from 2005 levels.
b. 50% all electricity to be generated by non-fossil fuel energy by 2030.
c. Additional carbon sink of 2.5-3 billion ton of CO2 equivalent by 2030 through tree & forest cover.
d. Contribution to historical cumulative CO2 emissions 3%
e. 2021 share of global emissions stood at 7.5% (3rd highest globally).
f. Per Capita carbon emissions are still very low at 1.3 tonnes per person per year in 2021 (compared to the
United States 4.0 tonnes).
g. Achieved emission reduction of 21% over 2005 levels. (The Green Shift Report by MOP&NG)
h. Achieved 43% of installed electricity capacity from non-fossil fuel sources. (April 2023, Ministry of Power)
i. Non fossil energy capacity stood at 179.3 GW in April 2023.
j. Total forest and tree cover makes up 24.62% of the total geographical area of India.
k. Current run rate of 1.9 to 2.0 GtCO2e in additional carbon sink by 2023 (The Green Shift Report by MOP&NG)
l. Achieve target of net zero by 2070.
m. Increase non fossil energy capacity to 500 GW by 2030.
n. Meet 50% energy requirements from renewable sources by 2030.
o. Reduce carbon intensity of economy by less than 45% by 2030.
p. Reduce total projected carbon emissions by one billion tonnes till 2030.
3. INDIA’S LONG-TERM LOW EMISSION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (LT-LEDS)

a. NDC target: Create an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent by 2030.
b. NDC Target: 50% of non-fossil capacity by 2030.
c. A three-fold rise in nuclear installed capacity by 2032.
d. 20% ethanol blending in petrol by 2025.
e. Indian Railways to become net-zero by 2030.
f. Voluntary commitment: To restore 26 million ha degraded land by 2030
4. SECTOR SPECIFIC DECARBONATIZATION IN INDIA
a. Power Sector: Share in India’s Emissions (2019): 34 %.
b. Transportation: Share in India’s Emissions (2019): 9 %
c. Industry: Share in India’s Emissions (2019): 28 %
d. Agriculture: Share in India’s Emissions (2019): 18 %
e. Buildings Share in India’s Emissions (2019): 4.5 %
5. CARBON INEQUALITY
a. World's richest people emit unsustainable amounts of carbon and unlike ordinary people, 50% to 70% percent
of their emissions result from their Investments (Oxfam report).
b. The bottom 50% of households contribute 12% of the global total GHG emissions, whereas the top 1% emit
contribute 17% of the total (Emission gap report 2022).
6. CLIMATE CHANGE: IMPACT ON WOMEN
a. UN figures estimate that 80% of people displaced by climate change are women.
7. CLIMATE CHANGE: IMPACT ON CHILDREN
a. Estimated 1 In 7 children globally are exposed to at least 5 major climate and environmental hazards.
b. In 2020, nearly 10 million children were displaced due to weather-related events.
8. EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS
a. More than 80% of India's population lives in districts highly vulnerable to extreme hydro-mat disasters
(Environment and Water's Climate Vulnerability Index).
b. The southern zone of India is the most vulnerable.
c. 2022 witnessed highest number of human casualties in India due to extreme weather events in 5 years.
(Annual Statement on Climate of India-2022).
9. SEA LEVEL RISE
a. Sea levels rose 4.5 mm a year on average between 2013 & 2022, the highest ever.
b. India, China, Bangladesh, and Netherlands face the highest threat of sea-level rise globally.
10. MONTREAL PROTOCOL
a. Thickness of the ozone layer expected to return to 1980 values around 2066 in the Antarctic, around 2045 in
the Arctic region.
b. Accordingly, India has to start phase down by 2028 and cut HFC emission by 15% of 2024-26 levels by the year
2047.
11. MITIGATION
a. GHG emissions were 54% higher in 2019 than they were In 1990, but growth is slowing.
b. Concentration of carbon dioxide is 149%, Methane is 262% and nitrous oxide is 123% of the levels of the pre-
industrial level in 1750 (World Meteorological Organization Greenhouse Gas Bulletin).
c. Sharm el-Sheikh Implementation Plan requested Countries to revisit and strengthen their 2030 climate targets
by the end of 2023 and finalised the details of Mitigation work programme.
d. As of November 2021, over 140 countries Including India, China, USA etc. announced or are considering net
zero targets, covering 90% of global emissions. Countries like UK, Sweden, Denmark, New Zealand, etc. have
enacted net-zero legislations.
e. Under Global Methane Pledge, a non-binding agreement, signatory countries have promised to cut their
methane emissions by at least 30% by 2030.
f. To limit global warming to 1.5°C:
➢ Global GHG emissions peak before 2025, reduced by 43% by 2030.
➢ Reach Global net zero CO, emissions in the early 2050.
➢ Methane reduced by 54% by 2030.
g. To limit global warming to 2°C:
➢ Global GHG emissions peak before 2025, reduced by 27% by 2030.
➢ Reach Global net zero CO, emissions around the early 2070s.
h. For both: Rapid and deep GHG emissions reduction immediate GHG in all sectors follow throughout 2030, 2040
and 2050.
i. Implementation gap: Policies implemented by the end of 2020 are projected to result in higher global GHG
emissions than those implied by NDCS.
j. Financial flows are 3-6 times lower than levels needed by 2030 to limit warming to below 1.5°C or 2°C.
12. CARBON BORDER ADJUSTMENT MECHANISM (CBAM)
a. It is a plan to tax carbon-intensive products, such as iron and steel, cement, fertilizer, aluminium, electricity,
and hydrogen, from 2026.
b. Fit for 55 refers to the EU’s target of reducing net greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030 from 1990
levels and achieve net zero emissions by 2050.
13. METHANE EMISSION
a. Powerful greenhouse gas (20 years lifespan), with a Global Warming Potential more than 80 times greater than
that of carbon dioxide (CO2).
b. Responsible for more than 25% percent of the warming.
c. India is among the top 5 methane emitters in world.
d. Amount of methane in the Atmosphere is 260% of pre-Industrial levels.
e. 2021 saw the largest annual increase recorded.
f. Human-driven methane emissions are responsible for nearly 45% of current net warming.
g. Currently available targeted measures could reduce emissions by as much as 45%, by 2030.
14. INDIA’S COOLING SECTOR
a. By 2030, over 160-200 million people across India could be exposed to lethal heat waves annually.
b. By 2030, Around 34 million people will face job losses due to heat stress related productivity decline.
c. Current food loss due to heat during transportation is close to $13 billion annually.
d. By 2037, demand for cooling is likely to be eight times more than current levels, leading to an expected rise
of 435% in annual greenhouse gas emissions over the next two decades.
e. Reduce cooling demand across sectors by 20% to 25% by 2037-38.
f. Reduce refrigerant demand by 25 % to 30% by 2037-38.
g. 45% of India’s peak electricity demand in 2050 is expected to come from space cooling alone.
15. WATER INSECURITY
a. Targets 100% water supply to all Households in 4700 ULBs.
b. 91 million people (6% of the population) lack access to safe water.
c. India as 18% of the world's population, but only 4% of water resources of the world.
d. Many cities like Bengaluru are running toward day zero (there will be no water in the taps and the use of
water will become restricted for vital services only).
e. Jal Jivan Mission: Providing 55 litre potable water per capita per day to every rural household through
Functional Household Tap Connection (FHTC) by 2024.
16. GROUNDWATER
a. India accounts for 25% of the global groundwater extraction (highest globally).
b. Out of the total assessment units surveyed in 2022, around 14% have been categorized as 'over-exploited'
(extraction exceeding the annually replenishable ground water recharge).
c. States with highest 'over exploitation' percentage: Punjab followed by Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi.
d. Agricultural activities account for 90% of the annual ground water extraction.
17. RIVER POLLUTION IN INDIA
a. Vision for 2030, unveiled in the Interim budget 2019-2020, include clean rivers, with safe drinking water to
all Indians, sustaining and nourishing life.
b. As per Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), number of polluted stretches in India's rivers fell from 351 in
2018 to 311 in 2022,
c. The CPCB considers a BiologicalOxygen Demand (BOD) of less than3 mg/l an indicator of a healthy river.
18. NAMAMI GANGE
a. The United Nations General Assembly has declared the years 2021 through 2030 the UN Decade on
Ecosystem Restoration.
b. Out of these 574 projects sanctioned under Namami Gange, 210 projects are completed, and the remaining
projects are at various stages of completion.
c. Rejuvenated 1,500 km of the 2.525 km river and 30,000 ha of forests.
d. The Cabinet had approved the Namami Gange Mission- II (NGM-II) in 2022 with an outlay of Rs. 22,500
Crore for a period up to 31st March 2026.
19. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN INDIA
a. India ranks 1st in number of organic farmers and is home to world’s first fully organic state-sikkim.
b. Practices like biodynamic faming, conservation farming and permaculture have less than 4% participation.
20. URBAN AGRICULTURE
a. In recent years, urban and peri-urban areas worldwide are estimated to have produced between 15% to
20% of all food.
21. NATURAL FARMING IN INDIA
a. More than 10 lakh ha. Area is covered under natural farming in India.
b. Gujarat has the highest share of area under natural farming, followed by Andhra Pradesh and Madhya
Pradesh.
22. MISSION LIFE (LIFESTYLE FOR ENVIRONMENT)
a. As per United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), if 1 out of 8 billion people worldwide adopt
environment-friendly behaviours in their daily lives, global carbon emissions could drop up to 20%.
b. Mobilise at least 1 billion Indians and other global citizens to take individual and collective action for
protecting and preserving the environment in the period 2022 to 2027.
c. Within India, at least 80% of all villages and urban local bodies are aimed to become environment-friendly
by 2028.
23. CIRCULAR ECONOMY
a. Only 7.2% of the global economy Is circular with a declining trend (Circularity Gap Report 2023).
b. Rs. 40 lakh crore annual value created in 2050, amounting to 30% of India's current GDP.
c. 44% reduction in GHG emissions in 2050 compared to the current development path (Ellen McArthur
foundation).
24. EXTENDED PRODUCER RESPONSIBILITY (EPR) ON PLASTIC PACKAGING
a. 2.26 million tonnes of plastic packaging have been covered under EPR for year 2022-23.
b. Total plastic waste generated in country during year 2019-20 was around 3.4 million tonnes.
c. The EPR target for PIBOs will be increased to 70% in 2022-23 and 100% from 2023-24 onwards.
d. 3.4 million tonnes of plastic waste generated annually.
e. Per capita plastic waste generation has doubled from 2017-2022.
f. Only 30% of plastic waste is recycled ('Plastics: The Potential and Possibilities' report 2025).
g. First introduced in India to manage e-waste in 2012.
h. The EPR target for PIBOs will be increased to 70% in 2022-23 and 100% from 2023-24 onwards.
25. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
a. Total quantity of Solid waste generated in the country is 1.6 lakh tonnes per day, of which
i. Collection efficiency of waste is 95.4%.
ii. 50% of waste is treated and 18.4% is landfilled
b. Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban (SBM-U) 2.0 to make all cities Garbage Free by 2026.
26. WASTE TO WEALTH
a. India has the potential to generate 3GW of electricity from waste by 2050.
b. Under the 'Green Growth' segment of Union Budget 2023-24, 500 new Waste to Wealth plants will be
established under the GOBARdhan scheme.
27. E-WASTE IN INDIA
a. Only 22.7 % of total e-waste generated In 2019-20 In India was collected, dismantled, and recycled or
disposed off.
b. India is the world's third-largest e-waste generator after China and USA as per Global E-waste Monitor 2020.
c. Computers contributed towards 70% of the total e-waste generated in India, while telecommunication
equipment accounted for 12 %.
d. Over 90% of electronic waste management is done by informal sector workers.
e. Target may be made stable for 2 years and start from 60% for the year 2023-2024 and 2024-25.
f. International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) estimated that global PV waste will touch 78 million tonnes
by 2050, with India expected to be one of the top five PV-waste creators.
28. FLY ASH UTLIZATION
a. Fly ash utilization in India has increased from nearly 10% in 1996 to highest 92% in 2020-21.
b. Still over 17 million tonnes out of the 222 million tonnes fly ash generated still remain un-utilised.
c. New Thermal Power Plants (TPP) have a time period of 4 years to achieve 100 % fly ash utilization.
d. Earlier, a 4-year cycle was present for utilisation of fly ash. This notification reduced it to 3 years.
29. NATURE BASED SOLUTIONS
a. Finance flows to NbS in 2022 were less than half of the investment in NbS needed by 2025.
30. SUSTAINABLE SAND MINING IN INDIA
a. Sand resources are the 2nd most exploited natural resource in the world after water.
b. Use of sand resources has tripled in the last two decades to reach an estimated 40-50 billion metric tons per
year.
31. RENEWABLE ENERGY
a. 50% of energy requirements will be met from renewable energy by 2030. (Panchamrita)
b. 500 GW of non-fossil energy capacity to be installed by 2030. (Panchamnta)
c. 227 GW of renewable energy capacity to be installed by the year 2022.
d. India stands at 4 position in the world in terms of installed RE capacity, 4th in Solar and 4 in Wind energy
capacity.
e. As per Power Ministry, Energy from renewable energy sources (including Hydro) makes 41.4% of total
installed capacity (April 2023).
32. SOLAR ENERGY
a. National Solar Mission: Total installed capacity 100 GW by 2022, including 60 GW of utility-scale and 40 GW
of rooftop solar capacity, and 300 GW by 2030.
b. Globally, India currently ranks 4th in terms of installed solar power capacity.
c. As per Ministry of Power total installed Solar capacity= 67 GW (April 2023).
33. INTERNATIONAL SOLAR ALLIANCE (ISA)
a. It is guided by its ‘Towards 1000’ strategy which aims to mobilise USD 1,000 billion of investments in solar
energy solutions by 2030.
b. Installation of 1,000 GW of solar energy capacity.
34. WIND ENERGY
a. Achieve total installed capacity of 60 GW of wind energy by 2022.
b. Gross potential of 302 GW at 100 meter and 695.50 GW at 120 meter above ground level (Ministry of New
and Renewable Energy).
c. Most of this potential exists in seven windy States- Gujarat (highest), Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu,
Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh.
d. Installed capacity of wind energy (April, 2023): 43 GW (10.3% of total installed capacity in India) Globally,
India ranks 4th in installed wind capacity.
35. BIOENERGY IN INDIA
a. Surplus biomass availability at about 230 million metric tones per annum in India covering agricultural
residues correspond to a potential of about 28 GW.
b. About 14 GW additional power could be generated through bagasse based cogeneration in the India's Sugar
mills.
36. NATIONAL BIOENERGY PROGRAMME
a. Recently, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has notified that National Bioenergy Programme
(NBP) will continue from FY 2021-22 to 2025-26 for the first phase.
37. ETHANOL BLENDING
a. Use of E20, a blend of 20% ethanol and 80% petrol, leads to an estimated reduction of carbon monoxide
emissions by about 50% in two-wheelers and about 30% in four-wheelers compared to EO (neat petrol).
b. Under National Policy on Biofuels 2018, India aims to achieve 10% ethanol-blending in petrol by 2022 and
20% ethanol-blending in petrol by 2025
c. India has achieved 10% ethanol blending target in June 2022.
d. E20 fuel, launched 2 year ahead of target and will be rolled out across country in a phased manner.
e. Reduced Goods & Service Tax (GST) on ethanol meant for Ethanol Blended with Petrol (EBP) Programme
from 18% to 5%..
f. Use of automative fuel E12 (12% ethanol with 88% petrol) & E15 notified.
38. METHANOL BLENDING
a. Demo-run of Vessel named SB Gangadhar powered by Methanol blended Diesel (MD15) was held in run-up
to India Energy Week 2023 (IEW 2023).
39. HYDROGEN ENERGY IN INDIA
a. Production of 5 million tonnes of Green hydrogen by 2030.
b. High Calorific value: Has almost 2.5 times the energy per tonne compared as to natural gas.
c. In 2020, Delhi became the first city in India to operate buses with hydrogen-enriched CNG etc.
40. NATIONAL GREEN HYDROGEN MISSION OUTCOMES
a. 5 MMT of green hydrogen by 2030.
b. 6 lakh new green jobs.
c. 50 MMT of carbon abatement cumulatively.
d. 60-100 GW electrolyzer installations.
e. 125 GW renewable energy for green hydrogen production.
f. Over 8 lakh crore investments
41. OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY
a. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) has a theoretical potential of 1,80,000 MW in India subject to
suitable technological evolution.
42. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
a. Around 300 geothermal hot springs exist in India (Geological Survey of India).
43. ELECTRIC VEHICLES (EVS) POLICY
a. 5th largest Automobile market in the world.
b. As per Vahan Portal: EV Sales: FY 21-22: 4.3 lakh units (3.3 times of FY 20-21).
c. Achieve target of EV sales penetration of 30% of private cars, 70% of commercial cars, 40% of buses and 80%
of two and three-wheelers by 2030.
d. Fulfil International Commitments such as Panchamrita target of Net-Zero carbon emissions by 2070.
e. FAME-II was launched in 2019 and will continue till March 2024 focusing electrification of public & shared
transportation.
44. BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE
a. India’s annual demand for ACC batteries would rise to between 104 GWh and 260 GWh by 2030 (from close
to 2.7 GWh now) across multiple sectors.
b. Meeting the EV 30@30 goals (setting the objective to reach a 30% sales share for EVs by 2030).
c. As per some estimates, India requires 160 GW of Energy storage system (ESS) capacity by 2030.
45. VEHICLE SCRAPPAGE
a. Centre has earmarked ₹3,000 crore for scrapping old vehicles as incentives to states under the ‘Scheme for
Special Assistance to States for Capital Investment' in fiscal year 2023-24.
46. FLEX FUEL
a. Target of achieving average 10% blending was achieved in June, 2022 and target of 20% ethanol blending
was advanced to 2025 (from 2030).
b. Recently, PM launched pilot project on E20 fuel, a blend of 20% ethanol and 80% petrol, 2 years ahead of
target.
c. Finance Minister in the Union Budget announced that unblended fuel shall attract an additional differential
excise duty of ₹2/ litre from October 2022.
47. FOREST CONSERVATION
a. India's INDC: To create an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent through
additional forest and tree cover by 2030.
b. National Forest Policy of India, 1988: To have a minimum of 1/3rd of the total geographical area of the
country under forest and tree cover.
c. Total forest and tree cover is 24.62% of the geographical area of the country.
d. Total forest cover in India has Increased by 0.22% since 2019.
e. 17 states/UTs like Lakshadweep, Mizoram, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Arunachal Pradesh and Meghalaya
etc. have above 33% of the geographical area under forest cover.
f. Rejection of claims over land made under the Forest Rights Act (FRA) till November 2022: 39.29% of
Individual Forest Rights (IFR) claims + 24.42% rejection in Community Forest Rights (CFR) claims.
48. WETLAND CONSERVATION
a. In India, there are 7 lakh wetlands covering "16 Mhal.o., 4.86% of the total geographic area of the country.
b. India lost 2 out of 5 wetlands in last 3 decades
49. COP 14 OF RAMSAR CONVENTION ON WETLANDS
a. India has a total of 75 Ramsar sites covering an area of 13,26,677 ha.
50. MANGROVE CONSERVATION IN INDIA
a. Total mangrove cover in India: 4992 sq km (The State Forest Report 2021)
51. BIODIVERSITY
a. The framework has four long-term goals for 2050 related to the 2050 Vision for Biodiversity and 23 action-
oriented global targets for urgent action over the decade to 2030.
b. Dedicated and accessible GBF Fund: Global Environment Facility has been requested to establish a Special
Trust Fund in 2023, and support GBF till 2030.
c. Reducing loss of highly important biodiverse areas close to zero by 2030.
d. Effective restoration of at least 30% of degraded ecosystems by 2030.
e. Encourage sustainable consumption, including by reducing food waste by half by 2030.
f. Eliminate, phase out or reform harmful subsidies in a just way.
g. Substantially increase financial resources, mobilise $200bn per year by 2030 etc.
h. Objective of COP15: To adopt a global biodiversity framework (GBF), which will replace the Aichi Biodiversity
Targets that expired in 2020.
i. Halting human-induced extinction of threatened species and reducing the rate of extinction of all species
tenfold by 2050.
j. 30×30 target(protecting ‘30% of land and 30% of sea area by 2030’) was diluted.
52. MAINSTREAMING BIODIVERSITY IN FORESTRY
a. Covering 31% of the world’s land surface, forests are the source of fibre, fuel, food, and fodderto over 1/3rd
of world population.
b. Home to almost 80% of terrestrial biodiversity with over 50% being accounted for by tropical rainforests
alone.
c. United Nations Strategic Plan for Forests 2017– 2030 recognized the role of forests in maintaining
biodiversity.
d. Illegal forest activities: Illegal timber harvesting is estimated to account for 15–30 percent of global timber
production.
e. Plays a critical role in achieving global goals, including Paris Climate Agreement, Bonn Challenge (restore 350
million hectares of degraded and deforested lands by 2030.
53. COP 19 CITES (CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA
a. With CITES, over 35,000 species of animals and plants are now under some form of international trade
regulation.
54. HUMAN-WILDLIFE CONFLICT
a. Between 2018-19 and 2020-21
i. 222 Elephants were electrocuted while 45 were killed by trains and 29 by poachers
ii. 29 tigers were killed by poachers and the reasons for the death of 197 tigers during the period
remain suspected.
iii. Elephants took 1549 human lives while 125 lives were taken by tigers.
55. TIGER CONSERVATION
a. St. Petersburg declaration, 2010 adopted to double tiger numbers by 2022 (India has achieved this).
b. Global Tiger Day (July 29 every year) to raise awareness
c. 53 tiger reserves account for 2.3% of India’s land area.
d. Sacred Himalayan Landscape whose 74% area falls in Nepal, 25% falls in Sikkim of India, and remaining falls
in Bhutan.
e. Achievements of India:
i. Achieved the targets set under TX2 initiative in 2018 (4 years in advance).
ii. Increase in Estimated Tiger population from 1,411 in 2006 to 3,167 in 2022. (5th cycle of All India
Tiger Estimation)
iii. 53 tiger reserves (TRS) cover over ~75,800 sq. .km
56. PROJECT ELEPHANT
a. President Participated in Gaj Utsav at Kaziranga National Park and Tiger Reserve (KNPTR) in Assam to mark
30 years of Project Elephant.
b. India is home to more than 60% of all wild Asian elephants.
c. As per the Elephant Census 2017, India had 29,964 elephants.
d. 33 elephant reserves together cover a total area of nearly 80,000 sq km.
57. CHEETAH RELOCATION
a. Under the project, the government plans to introduce at least 50 cheetahs into various national parks over
the next five years.
58. INDIA AND ANTARCTICA
a. World's 5th largest, southernmost and the driest, windiest, coldest, and iciest continent.
b. It is not a country and has no government and no indigenous population. Instead, the entire continent is set
aside as a scientific preserve.
c. It holds 90% of the Earth's total ice volume and 70% of its fresh water.
59. DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
a. 58.6% of the landmass is prone to earthquakes of moderate to very high intensity.
b. Over 40 million hectares (12% of land) is prone to floods and river erosion.
c. 5,700 km of the 7,516 km long coastline is prone to cyclones and tsunamis.
d. 68% of the cultivable area is vulnerable to drought.
60. EARTHQUAKES
a. 59% of the Indian landmass classified as earthquake-prone.
b. 11% fall in very high-risk zone V, 18% in high-risk zone IV, and 30% in moderate-risk zone III.
c. Region referred to as the seismic gap between Himachal and the western part of Nepal including
Uttarakhand is prone to earthquakes that might occur at any time. [Seismic gap is an area within a known
active earthquake zone within which no significant earthquakes have been recorded].
61. FLOODS IN INDIA
a. More than 40 million hectare area in India is flood prone.
b. On an average every year, due to floods, 75 lakh hectares of land is affected, 1600 lives are lost and the
damage caused to crops, houses and public utilities is Rs.1805 crores.
62. LANDSLIDES
a. India among the top four countries with highest landslide risk.
b. 12.6% of India's land area, excluding snow covered area, is prone to landslide.
c. Landslide prone areas: Highest in Northeast Himalayas followed by Northwest Himalayas, Western Ghats
and Easter Ghats.
d. Human-Caused Fatal Landslides: In India, 28% of incidents of stone falls occur due to construction work
63. DROUGHTS
a. 16% of the India's total area is drought prone.
b. Over 68% of sown area is subject to drought in varying degrees.
c. Nearly 2/3rds of the India suffered drought during 2020-2022
d. Severe droughts estimated to have reduced domestic product by 2-5 per cent from 1998-2017.
64. FOREST FIRES/WILDFIRES
a. More than 36% of the India's forest cover is prone to frequent forest fires.
b. 6% is 'very highly' fire-prone, and almost 4% is 'extremely' prone. (India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2021)
65. Chemical Disaster
a. India produces and stores more than 3,000 hazardous chemicals.
66. JOSHIMATH LAND SUBSIDENCE
a. More than 80% of land subsidence across the world is caused due to excessive groundwater extraction (U.S.
Geological Survey).
67. LAND DEGARADATION
a. Area that underwent land degradation during 2018-19: "30% (97.85 million ha) of the Total Geographic Area
of India. (Desertification and Land Degradation Atlas of India)
b. States like Jharkhand, Rajasthan, Delhi, Gujarat, and Goa have more than 50% of their area under
desertification/land degradation, Area currently under restoration: 9,810,940 ha.
c. Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) Target under UNCCD: Restoration of 26 Million ha of degraded land by
2030.
68. SOIL DEGRADATION
a. Over last 150 years, 50% of planet's topsoil has been lost via erosion.
b. Over 6.74 million hectares of lands in India is estimated to be salt affected.
c. About 11 mha of arable land in India suffers from acute soil acidity (pH < 5.5).
d. World's cultivated soils have lost up to 75% of their original carbon stock.
69. BLACK SOILS
a. It is spread mostly across interior Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh on the Deccan lava
plateau and the Malwa Plateau.
b. Black soils have about 17% of cropland
c. Have the potential to provide 10% of the total SOC sequestration globally.
70. LARGE DAMS IN INDIA
a. A new study by United Nations highlighted that around 3,700 dams in India will lose 26% per cent of their
total storage by 2050 due to accumulation of sediments.
b. India’s Status: 3rd largest number of large dams (5,334) after China and USA.
c. Maharashtra has highest number of large dams followed by Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat.
71. SAMUDRAYAAN MISSION
a. India has been allotted a site of 75,000 sq. km. in Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) by International Sea Bed
Authority for exploitation of PMN.
b. Support to fisheries and aquaculture, tourism, livelihoods and blue trade will help India in achieving the
target of over Rs. 100 billion “Blue Economy”.
c. India has been assigned an area of about 75,000 sq km in Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) for PMN
exploration.
d. Contract for exploration was initially signed in 2002 for a period of 15 years. It was extended by ISA twice for
5 years period, in 2017 and 2022
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DATA SHEET -POILITY, SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, ECONOMY BY VYASA IAS

DATA SHEET SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MAINS 365

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DATA SHEET POLITY MAINS 365

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DATA SHEET ECONOMY MAINS365

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15. GOVERNMENT FINANCE

b. 83.1% public debt-to-GDP ratio for FY23

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through innovative and alternative initiatives such as asset monetisation.

central government over a four-year period from 2021-22 to 2024-25.

power, oil and gas pipelines and telecom).

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27. EXPORT SECTOR

c. India's exports are about 18% of its GDP

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31. INDIA’S FOREX DYNAMICS

35. AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION

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a. Recently, Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) approved an increase in

c. India: 3rd largest fish producer.

e. 4th largest exporter of fish and fisheries.

44. FOOD PROCESSING SECTOR

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49. TEXTILE SECTOR

the global trade in textiles and apparel

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55. DRAFT INDIAN TELECOMMUNICATION BILL, 2022

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e. Ports Must have at least one LNG bunkering station by 2030.

61. INLAND WATERWAYS IN INDIA

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b. India is the world's second biggest consumer of gold, after China.

cobalt is expected to rise by nearly 500% by 2050.

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DATA SHEET OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

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26. INDIA-AFRICA RELATIONS

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d. Less than 1% of global trade and FDI.

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DATA SHEET OF SECURITY

5. WOMEN’S RESERVATION IN LEGISLATURES

b. 44% of the disable persons are women.

c. 69% of the disabled persons live in rural areas.

and 5% reservation in govt. employment and education (respectively).

rural and urban area

anywhere from 2% to 8.37%.

3. INDIA’S LONG-TERM LOW EMISSION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (LT-LEDS)

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