IED CH 8

CHAPTER -8- INFRASTRUCTURE
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1 _________________is the most important component of economic infrastructure.(Fill in the

blank)
(a) Hospital
(b) Energy
(c) School
(d) All of the above
2 Higher percentage of hospitals in India is run by
(a) Public sector

(b) Private sector
(c) Joint sector
(d) None of these
3 Which of the following serves as a core driving force for production activity in the economy?
(a) Population
(b) Economic infrastructure
(c) Literacy
(d) None of these
4 Which of the following is not a component of social infrastructure?
(a) Road
(b) Communication
(c) Electricity
(d) All of these
5
Which of the following statement is correct?
a) Punjab, Himachal Pradesh industrially more advanced

b) Karnataka having advanced information technology
c) Maharashtra and Gujarat prosper in agriculture and horticulture
d) All of these
1|Page 8 October 2021,ZIET BHUBANESWAR

6
Which of the following is not correct explanation of contribution of infrastructure?
a) It promotes productivity
b) It generates linkage in production
c) It reduces the size of the market

d) It induces investment
7
Which of the following is an incorrect statement?
a)Health is a part of Social Infrastructure.
b)Infrastructural facilities raise productivity in the tertiary sector of the economy.
c) urban -rural gap does not exist in health sector facilities
d)decline in infant and maternal mortality rate
8
India invests only ______ % of its GDP on infrastructure which is far below that of China and
Indonesia.
a)2 %
b)5 %
c)8 %
d)10 %
9
The health status of a country can be assessed through :
a)increase in infant mortality rate
b) increase in life expectancy
c)Both (a) and (b)
d)Neither (a) nor (b)

10
Education is an example of ____
a) Economic infrastructure c) social infrastructure

b) sustainable development d) none of these
11.
India is able to reap benefits from outsourcing work like BPO, KPO, call centres due to
(A) IT support system

(B) Large population
(C) Sound infrastructure
(D) Both A and C
12.
Expenditure on health sector by India is extremely low as compared to other developed and
developing countries at
(A) 2.7% of total GDP

(B) 4.7% of total GDP
(C) 0.7% of total GDP
(D) 6.7% of total GDP
13.
ISM stands for
(A) International System of Medicine

(B) Indian Systems of Medicine
(C) Indian Sources of Medicine
(D) Indian Solar Meet
14.
What is the percentage of Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) borne by India in the world?
(A) 10%
(B) 11%
(C) 15%
(D) 20%
15.
Which of these states has lagged behind in providing healthcare facilities?
(A) Bihar
(B) Kerala
(C) Tamil Nadu

(D) Karnataka
16
AYUSH is an alternate system of healthcare of India. It does not include
(A) Homeopathy
(B) Unani
(C) Yoga
(D) Allopathy
17.
The NGO Self Employed Women’s Association (SEWA) is working in which of the following
region
(A) Ahmedabad
(B) Nilgiris
(C) Deccan
(D) Bengal
18.
Which of the infrastructures given below are needed for agricultural development of a country?
(A) Hospitals
(B) Housing
(C) Colleges
(D) Insurance and banking
Which of the following is categorized as Economic Infrastructure?
(a) Housing
19 (b) Health
(c) Communication
(d) Education
Infrastructure contributes to economic development of a country by
(a) Increasing the productivity of the factors of production
20 (b) Improving the quality of life of its people
(c) Increasing the severity of disease when it occurs
(d) Both (a) & (b)

According to 2011 Census what approx percentage of people in rural areas of India have access
to improved sanitation?
(a) 30
21 (b) 43
(c) 56
(d) 69
Which of the following protocol to be followed Since 2020, due to Covid 19 Pandemic?
(a) Keeping our hands washed
22 (b) Wearing masks
(c) Following social distance
Health implies ------
(a) Absence of disease
23 (b) Ability to realise one’s potential
(c) Overall growth and development of the nation
(d) Both (a) & (b)
Health infrastructure includes
(a) Doctors
24 (b) Para-medical professionals
(c) Pharmaceutical industry
PHC stands for
(a) Primary Health Centre
25 (b) Private Health Centre
(c) Primary Health Committee
(d) Private Health Committee
During 1951–2018, the number of government hospitals and dispensaries together increased from
(a) 18,000 to 30 lakh
26 (b) 9,300 to 53,800
(c) 1.2 to 7.1 lakhs.
(d) 62,000 to 11.5 lakhs.
An indicator used by experts to gauge the number of people dying prematurely due to a particular
disease, as well as, the number of years spent by them in a state of ‘disability’ owing to the
disease is called_____
27 (a) Communicable diseases
(b) Global Burden of Diseases
(c) Covid-19
(d) Morbidity

At present, _______ per cent of the population in India utilizes public health facilities.
(a) Less than 5 percent
28 (b) Less than 10 percent
(c) Less than 20 percent
(d) More than 25 percent
Which of the following steps is the most appropriate in order to provide basic healthcare to all?
(a) Accessibility and affordability need to be integrated in our basic health infrastructure
29 (b) Creating awareness on health and hygiene and provide efficient systems
(c) Helping people to move towards a better quality of life
(d) Making provision of efficient health infrastructure
Anaemia and nutritional anaemia are caused by
(a) Calcium deficiency
30 (b) Vitamin-B deficiency
(c) Vitamin –D deficiency
(d) Iron deficiency
Number of children died before attaining the age of one year out of __________ live birth in a
year is called Infant Mortality rate.
(a) 100
31
(b) 1000
(c) 10000
(d) 100000
Which of the following is NOT considered as Economic Infrastructure?
A. Education
32 B. Power
C. Transport
D. Communication
Which of the following is NOT a function of primary health care?
A. Spreading education concerning prevailing health problems.
B. Creating awareness about proper nutrition.
33
C. Conducting research.
D. Providing essential drugs.

Which of the following statements is NOT correct with regards to infrastructure?
A. Infrastructure contributes to economic development.
34 B. Infrastructure provides support services.
C. All infrastructural facilities have direct impact on the production of goods and services.
D. Inadequate infrastructure can have multiple adverse effects on health.
Which programme was launched in 2003 with objective of correcting regional imbalances in
provision of healthcare?
A. Pradhan MantriSwasthya Suraksha Yojana
35 B. National Rural Health Mission
C. Janani Suraksha Yojana
D. Integrated Disease Surveillance
Which of the following facts illustrate the development of health services after independence in
India?
A. Decline in death rate
36
B. Rise in life expectancy
C. Control over deadly diseases
D. All of these
Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh excel in agriculture and horticulture because
of___________ .
A. Land facilities
37
B. Credit facilities
C. Irrigation facilities
D. Port facilities
Which of the following NOT implies good health?
A. Increase in overall efficiency to handle difficult task.
38 B. Increase in mental abilities.
C. Increase in standard of living.
D. Increase in productivity of labour.

Which of the following is not a challenge for emerging health care?
A. Poor management
39 B. Unequal distribution of Healthcare Services
C. Privatization
D. Good sanitation level
40 SEWA and ACCORD are some examples of NGOs working in……….for primary health care.
(knowledge)
(a) India (b) Pakistan © USA (d) China
41 Some private practitioners are not even registered doctors are known as
(a) Quacks (b) Unregistered Doctor © Public doctor
42 One of the important aspects of a good healthcare system is ………...
(a) Works shops
(b) (b) Free checkup
(c) Community participation
(d) (d) None of these.
43 Which of the following are indicators of health infrastructure?
(a) Infant Mortality rate (b) Maternal mortality rate (c)Nutritional levels (d)All of these
44
In India more than……..of the disease of GBDis accounted for by communicable disease.
(a) One-fourth (b) half © full (d) one-fifth
45 Infrastructure is divided into two categories which are economic and ……… infrastructure.
(a) Social (b) health © energy (d) none of these
46 Working of the modern economy depends on…… (Creation)
(A) Agriculture production (B)development of infrastructure

(C)by excess power supply (D)none of these

ANSWERS
MultipleChoice question
1 (b)
2 (b)
3 (c)
4 (d)
5 b
6 c
7 c
8 b
9 b
10 c
11. (D) Both A and C

12. (B) 4.7% of total GDP
13. (B) Indian Systems of Medicine
14. (D) 20%
15. (A) Bihar
16. (D) Allopathy
17. (A) Ahmedabad
18. (D) Insurance and banking
19 © Communication
20 (d ) Both (a) & (b)
21 (a) 30
22 (d) All of the above

23 (d)Both (a) & (b)
24 (d) All of the above
25 (a) Primary Health Centre
26 (b) 9,300 to 53,800
27 (b) Global Burden of Diseases

28 ©Less than 20 percent
29 (a) Accessibility and affordability need to be integrated in our basic health
infrastructure
30 (d) Iron deficiency
31 (b)1000
32 A
33 C

34 C
35 A
36 D
37. C
38 C
39 D
40 A.India
41 A. Quacks
42 C. Community participation
43 D. All of these
44 B. half
45 A. Social
46 B. development of infrastructure
PREPIRED BY : PGT ECONOMICS OF BHUBANESWAR,

GUWAHATI, KOLKATA, RANCHI, SILCHAR AND TINSIKIA REGION .
VETTED BY : KOLKATA REGION
10 | P a g e 8 October 2021,ZIET BHUBANESWAR

CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS
Sl.No. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.
1. ‘Soon after the strike of COVID-19, India managed to manufacture its vaccination to defeat the
pandemic instead of importing it from other countries. This shows the advancement in Technologies
and Genetic Sciences that India has achieved so far.
India has been a medical tourism destination for over a decade now as a lot of people come to India
every year for medical treatment. Most of the people coming are generally from Asian and African
countries. A small number of people also come from so-called bubble countries like the United
States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. According to data, around 697,453 foreign tourists came
for medical treatment in India in the year 2019.
Because of the coronavirus pandemic, following which lockdowns were imposed and flights were
abruptly cancelled between various Asian and African countries, this number saw a dip. But the
total tourist inflow can be seen picking up gradually now. With the removal of lockdowns and travel
restrictions across borders globally, Indian medical tourism seeks progress in a number of critical
cases like organ transplants and other severe cases.’
Source: Financial Express, March 22, 2021
1.1. Most of the COVID-19 vaccines used in India are
(a) Imported from the USA
(b) Imported from China
(c) Manufactured in India
(d) Both (a) and (b)

1.2. Most of the medical tourists visiting India are from
(a) Australia
(b) United Kingdom
(c)United States
(d) Asia and Africa
1.3. Coronavirus pandemic caused a_________ in the number of medical tourists to India.(rise/fall)
1.4. India has become a favourable medical tourism destination for its better and cheaper medical
treatment. (True/False)
2
“Health and nutrition are important social infrastructure for human development. We should
not shy away from using purpose-driven public-private partnerships in nutrition. ”In the 2020
Global Hunger Index, India ranks 94th out of 107 countries. According to UNICEF’s data on
India, nearly half of all deaths in children under 5 are attributable to undernutrition. We need
to improve the nutrition status of the country on an urgent footing. However, the government
alone cannot win this battle and we need collective commitment to achieve our nutrition goals.
One of the distinct and defining features of POSHAN Abhiyan is Jan Andolan – creating a
social movement. Good nutrition is good for business, as healthy employees perform at
optimal productivity. Financial Express, Aug 30, 2021.
i) Government of India making efforts to educate people about health and nutrition in order
……
a) To improve nutritional requirements

b) To accelerate the process of human development
c) To improve health infrastructure
d) All of these

ii) Major causes of malnutrition among children in India are:
a) Poverty b) illiteracy c) ignorance d) all of these

iii) The PoshanAbhiyan highlights the importance of nutrition and healthcare for women and
children to fight malnutrition and prevent______.
a) Maternal mortality
b) Child mortality
c) Both a) & b)
d) Neither a) nor b)
3 Infrastructure is crucially an important sector for the overall development of any country. In
India, it is considered the backbone of the country’s economy as it integrates projects on a
large scale and strengthens its competitiveness on a global level. The infrastructural facilities
such as roads, railways, metro rails, and so on are required to potentially increase the
productivity and seamless functioning of other business sectors in India. According to the
estimates of a recent report – India will require a whopping Rs 50 trillion (US$ 777.73 billion)
in infrastructure by 2022 for sustainable development in the country. It is also showcasing a
myriad of opportunities for foreign investors to invest in the country’s infrastructure
development. Financial Express, Feb. 20, 2020.
i) Infrastructure facilitates ______
a) Industrial linkages
b) Investment
c) Outsourcing
d) All of these
ii) _____ infrastructure accelerates the process of economic growth directly. (
Economic/Social)
iii) Infrastructure generates employment opportunities.( True/False)

4 Read the following hypothetical text and answer the given questions:
India’s health infrastructure and health care is made up of a three-tier system —primary, secondary
and tertiary. Primary health care includes education concerning prevailing health problems and
methods of identifying, preventing and controlling them; promotion of food supply and proper
nutrition and adequate supply of water and basic sanitation; maternal and child health care;
immunisation against major infectious diseases and injuries; promotion of mental health and
provision of essential drugs. Auxiliary Nursing Midwife (ANM) is the first person who provides
primary healthcare in rural areas. In order to provide primary health care, hospitals have been set up
in villages and small towns which are generally manned by a single doctor, a nurse and a limited
quantity of medicines. They are known as Primary Health Centres (PHC), Community Health
Centres (CHC) and sub-centres. When the condition of a patient is not managed by PHCs, they are
referred to secondary or tertiary hospitals. Hospitals which have better facilities for surgery, X-ray,
Electro Cardio Gram (ECG) are called secondary health care institutions. They function both as
primary health care provider and also provide better healthcare facilities. They are mostly located in
district headquarters and in big towns. All those hospitals which have advanced level equipment and
medicines and undertake all the complicated health problems, which could not be managed by
primary and secondary hospitals, come under the tertiary sector. The tertiary sector also includes
many premier institutes which not only impart quality medical education and conduct research but
also provide specialised health care. Some of them are — All India Institute of Medical Science,
New Delhi; Post Graduate Institute, Chandigarh; Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical
Education and Research, Pondicherry; National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences,
Bangalore and All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Kolkata.
Source: Report of the National Commission on Macroeconomics and Health, 2005.
1.Which of the following is an example of secondary health centre?
a) Dispensaries
b) All India Institute of Medical Sciences
c) Regional Institute of Medical Sciences
d) District Hospitals
2.All citizens can get better health facilities if __________ (public health services / private health
services) are decentralised.
3.State whether the given statement is True or False:
During covid-19 pandemic in India only tertiary health centres are playing major role in treatment
of the patients.
4.State whether the given statement is True or False:
In India only public sector hospitals are sufficient for treatment of diseases and providing healthcare

facilities.
5. Read the following text carefully and answer question.
The Centre on Friday released the second tranche of the Covid-19 Emergency Response and Health
System Preparedness Package Phase II (ECRP-II) to help states bolster their health infrastructure to
tackle any surge in Covid-19 infections. With this, the Centre has released 50% of its financial
commitment
ECRP-II, a Rs.23,123-crore package approved by the Cabinet on July 8, works on a 60:40 formula-
- 60% of the expenditure on health infrastructure creation is borne by the Centre and 40% by the
state governments. The first tranche of Rs.1,827.80 crore was released on July 22 as 15% advance to
undertake preparatory activities.
Extensive consultations were held with the state governments beginning July 22, after which the
states were asked to give their proposals. With Friday’s release, the Centre has supported the states
in their efforts to curb the spread of Covid-19 and treatment of infected persons with Rs.14,744.99
crore.The states will use this money to set up 827 paediatric units in the districts--which will result
in addition of 19,030 oxygen-supported beds and 10,440 ICU/HDU beds; set up 42
paediatriccentres of excellence (at least one in every state), augment ICU beds in the public
healthcare system by 23,056, of which 20% will be paediatric ICU beds; provide care closer to the
communities due to ingress of Covid-19 in rural, peri-urban and tribal areas by creating 8,010
prefabricated structures for adding beds at the existing facilities, which will help in adding 75,218
oxygen-supported beds.
The states will also establish 203 field hospitals in tier-II and III cities, create and strengthen 433
RT-PCR laboratories and procure 18.64 crore RT-PCR and 16.55 crore rapid antigen test kits to
perform at least 35.19 crore tests in nine months.The Centre has also prepared 80% of the sites for
installation of 1,222 pressure swing adsorption plants (PSA) under the PM-CARES fund. Though
the Centre was planning to operationalise all the plants – at least one in each district–by August 15,
it has now moved the deadline to the end of August.
At present, the government is worried about the spread of Covid-19 in Kerala and the north eastern
states. Health minister Mansukh Mandaviya will visit Kerala on August 16 to review the situation
and then go to Guwahati to take stock of preparedness in the northeastern states.

1.Which of the following methods are used for testing Covid-19?
(a) RT-PCR
(b) Antigen
(c) PSA
(d) Both (a) & (b)
2.The spread of Covid-19 of which state is a matter of worry for the government?
(a) Maharashtra
(b) Odisha
(c) Kerala
(d) Uttar Pradesh
3.“The Centre on Friday released the second tranche of the Covid-19 Emergency Response and
Health System Preparedness Package Phase II (ECRP-II) to help states bolster their health
infrastructure to tackle any surge in Covid-19 infections”. What role of the Union government is
reflected through this?
(a) The Union government has the constitutional obligation to guide and regulate all health
related issues
(b) Fulfillment of Financial Commitment of Union Government
(c) In India Health activities works on a 60:40 formula-- 60% of the expenditure on health
infrastructure creation is borne by the Centre and 40% by the state governments.
(d) Both (a) and (b)
4.What will be the outcome of setting up of 827 paediatric units by the states?
(a) addition of 19,030 oxygen-supported beds and addition of 10,440 ICU/HDU beds
(b) creation of 8,010 prefabricated structures for adding beds at the existing facilities,
(c) Addition of 75,218 oxygen-supported beds.
5.The Centre has also prepared 80% of the sites for installation of 1,222 pressure swing adsorption
plants (PSA) . from where it has to be funded?
(a) Funds of respective state government

(b) 60% by Central Government & 40% by State Government
(c) ECRP-II
(d) PM-CARES fund.
6. Read the following text carefully and answer question .
In Union Budget 2021, the government has given a massive push to the infrastructure sector by
allocating Rs. 233,083 crore (US$ 32.02 billion) to enhance the transport infrastructure. The
government expanded the ‘National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP)’ to 7,400 projects. The key
highlights of the Budget 2021 are as follows:
● The Ministry of Commerce's Logistics Division presented its plans for ‘Freight Smart Cities’
in July 2021, with goal of improving the efficiency of urban freight and lowering logistics
expenses.
● In Budget 2021, the government announced the following interventions under Pradhan
MantriAatmanirbharSwasth Bharat Yojana (PMANSY):
o An outlay of Rs. 64,180 crore (US$ 8.80 billion) over six years to strengthen the
existing ‘National Health Mission’ by developing capacities of primary, secondary &
tertiary care and healthcare systems & institutions to detect and cure new and
emerging diseases.
o This scheme will strengthen 17,000 rural and 11,000 urban health and wellness
centres.
o Strengthening the NCDC (National Centre for Disease Control) to have five regional
branches and 20 metropolitan health surveillance units.
o Expanding integrated health information portal to all states/UTs.
o Rolling out the pneumococcal vaccine, a ‘Made in India’ product, across the country.
● Mega Investment Textiles Parks (MITRA) scheme was launched to establish world-class
infrastructure in the textile sector and establish seven textile parks over three years.
● The government announced Rs. 305,984 crore (US$ 42 billion) over the next five years for a
revamped, reforms-based and result-linked new power distribution sector scheme.
The infrastructure sector has become the biggest focus area for the Government of India.
India plans to spend US$ 1.4 trillion on infrastructure during 2019-23 to have a sustainable
development of the country. The Government has suggested investment of Rs. 5,000,000
crore (US$ 750 billion) for railways infrastructure from 2018-30.
India and Japan have joined hands for infrastructure development in India's Northeast states
and are also setting up an India-Japan Coordination Forum for Development of Northeast to
undertake strategic infrastructure projects for the region.
References: Media Reports, Press releases, National Infrastructure Pipeline, Union
Budget 2021-22, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Economic Survey-2020-21
1.Mega Investment Textiles Parks is an example of which type of infrastructure

(a) Economic infrastructure
(b) Non-economic Infrastructure
(c) Social infrastructure
2.India has joined hands with which country for infrastructure development in India's Northeast
states?
(a) Russia
(b) USA
(c) Japan
(d) NorwaY
3.“In Union Budget 2021, the government has given a massive push to the infrastructure sector by
allocating Rs. 233,083 crore “. It will enhance which infrastructure?
(a) Mega Investment Textiles Parks (MITRA)

(b) Health infrastructure
(c) Logistics infrastructure
(d) Transport infrastructure
4.Which scheme will strengthen 17,000 rural and 11,000 urban health and wellness centres?
(a) National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP)

(b) Pradhan MantriAatmanirbharSwasth Bharat Yojana (PMANSY)
(c) Mega Investment Textiles Parks (MITRA) scheme
(d) Freight Smart Cities’
5.What is the goal of ‘Freight Smart Cities’
(a) Development of Northeast to undertake strategic infrastructure projects for the region.
(b) To establish world-class infrastructure in the textile sector and establish seven textile parks
over three years.
(c) Expanding integrated health information portal to all states/UTs.

(d) Improving the efficiency of urban freight and lowering logistics expenses.
7 Infrastructure is often called as the lifeline of the economy of a nation. It comprises of a well
established and well knit
network of power, telecom, ports, airports, roads, civil aviation, railways and road transport in a
country. Countries need
adequate infrastructure so that various economic activities in an economy are executed efficiently,
smoothly and above all in
time. The deficiencies in the of infrastructural needs of a nation cannot be made up through imports
rather the best approach
is that it must be created within the domestic economy to put it on through the higher growth
trajectory.
However, building of infrastructure requires large and lumpy investment and has a relatively long
gestation period. Due tothis fact, infrastructural facilities are either built or run by the government
and public sector enterprises and if private sector
is permitted to make investment and run infrastructural projects, they must be regulated in order to
ensure qualityinfrastructure to one and all in the society.
Q1.Identify the main category of infrastructure mentioned in the above paragraph.(choose the
correct alternative)
a)Social
b)Economic
c)Personal
d)Financial

Q2. The demand-supply gap of major infrastructural facility like power, transport can be met
through__________
(fill up the blank with correct answer)
Q3. State whether the given statement is true or false:
‘Infrastructure is often called as the lifeline of the economy of a country, as it helps in increasing the
productivity of thefactors of production and enhancing the quality of life’.
Q4. State any one reason as to why infrastructural facilities are mainly built or run by the
government and public sector
Enterprises?
8 In the past, the responsibility for providing infrastructure services was vested solely with the
Government. This was mostly due to a number of reasons including lumpiness of capital
investments, long gestation periods, externalities, high risks and low rates of return.
But in recent times the old paradigm of infrastructure being a public sector monopoly has been
challenged by fiscal constraints and technological innovations. Limits on budgetary allocations and
public debt, and the dismantling of the allocated system of credit have catalyzed the encouragement
of private entry in infrastructure provision.
The Government has recently announced guidelines for private investment in highway development
through the Build Operate Transfer (BOT) route. Besides simplifying procedures and providing
more financial concessions, these measures would facilitate preparation of detailed feasibility
reports, clearances for the right way of land, relocation of utility services, resettlement and
relocation of the effected establishments, environmental clearance and equity participation in the
highway sector. The Government has also approved clear and transparent guidelines for
encouraging private sector participation in ports and is in the process of setting up a tariff regulatory

authority in 11 major ports.
Q1. Which of the following is NOT the reason for vesting infrastructural services solely with the
government?
A. Low rates of return
B. Long gestation period
C. Low risk
D. Externalities
Q2. Why private sector is now given an entry in infrastructure provisions?
A. Unlimited budgetary allocation
B. Public debt
C. Making private sector monopoly
D. Easy availability of credit
Q3. For which sector of infrastructure, the government has given transparent guidelines for the
participation of private sector?
A. Railways
B. Port
C. Roadways
D. Airways
Q4. ‘The Government has recently announced guidelines for public investment in highway
development through the Build Operate Transfer (BOT) route’. State true or false.
9 Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
● Development of a country depends very much on the availability of its infrastructural

facilities. The development of agriculture and industry depends solely on its infrastructure.
Without having a sound infrastructural base a country cannot develop its economy. More
important and difficult job in the development process of the country is to provide the basic
infrastructural facilities. These infrastructural facilities include various economic and social
overhead viz. Energy (coal, oil, Electricity), Irrigation, Transportation and communication,
Banking, Finance and insurance, Science and technology and other social heads like
education, health, and hygiene.
● All these facilities jointly constitute the infrastructure of the country. Like other countries,
the developmental process of India put much emphasis on the growth of infrastructure. In
this connection Dr. VKRV Rao observed, “The link between infrastructure and development

is not a once for all affair. It is a continuous process and progress in development has to be
preceded, accompanied and followed by progress in infrastructure, if we are to fulfill our
declared objectives of a self- accelerating process of economic development.”
● 1.The two categories of infrastructure are…………….and……………….
2.What is economic and social infrastructure?
3. Self accelerated process of development largely depends on………..of its infrastructure.
4. Without having a sound infrastructure base, a country cannot develop its economy. True/false
10 Case-II
Health is not only absence of diseases but also the ability to realize one’s potential. It is a yardstick
of one’s well being. Health is the holistic process related to the overall growth and development of
the nation. Though the twentieth century has seen a global transformation in human health
unmatched in history, it may be difficult to define the health status of a nation in terms of a single
set of measures.
Generally, scholars assess people’s health by taking into account indicators like infant mortality and
maternal mortality rates, like life expectancy and nutrition levels, along with the incidence of
communicable and non communicable diseases. Development of health infrastructure ensures a
country of healthy man power for production of goods and services. In recent times,scholars argue
that people are entitled to health care facilities. It is the responsibility of the government to ensure
the right to healthy living.
Health infrastructure includes hospitals,doctors, nurses and para medical professionals, beds,
equipment required in hospitals and a well- developed pharmaceutical industry. It's also true that
mere presence of health infrastructure is not sufficient to have healthy people, the same should be
accessible to all the people. Since the initial stages of planned development, policy makers
envisaged that no individual should fail to secure medical care, curative and preventive, because of
the inability to pay for it.
1.Health refers to the………...of a person.
2.Name of any two indicators of health.
3.Good health infrastructure means good accessibility to health facilities. State True/false
4.It is important to have……...as well as………...health facilities.

ANSWER
SL NO ANSWERS
1.1 C
1.2 D
1.3 FALL
1.4 TRUE
2.1 D
2.2 D
2.3 C
3.1 D
3.2 ECONOMIC
3.3 TRUE
4.1 DISTRICT HOSPITAL
4.2 PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES
4.3 FALSE
4.4 FALSE
5.1 (d) Both (a) & (b)
5.2 © Kerala
5.3 (d) Both (a) and (b)
5.4 (a) addition of 19,030 oxygen-supported beds and addition of 10,440
ICU/HDU beds
5.5 (d) PM-CARES fund.
6.1 (a) Economic infrastructure
6.2 © Japan
6.3 (d) Transport infrastructure
6.4 (b) Pradhan MantriAatmanirbharSwasth Bharat Yojana (PMANSY)
6.5 (d) Improving the efficiency of urban freight and lowering logistics
expenses.
7.1 (b) Economic
7.2 -active role of public and private sectors
7.3 True
7.4 higher income required/ longer gestation period of programme ( any 1)
8.1 C
8.2 B

8.3 B
8.4 False
9.1 ● Economic, Social
9.2 ● Economic infrastructure directly influences the production process

whereas social infrastructure indirectly influences it.
9.3 ● Progress
9.4 ● True
10.1 Wellbeing
10.2 Life expectancy and nutritional levels
10.3 true
10.4 Preventive, curative.


TRUE AND FALSE QUESTIONS
1. Social infrastructure accelerates the process of human development.
(A)True
(B)False
2. Infrastructure generates linkages in production.
(A)True
(B)False
3. Schools, colleges, hospitals are elements of economic infrastructure.
(A)True
(B)False
4. The private sector has emerged as the dominant source of healthcare services in India.
(A)True
(B)False
5. Improvement in infrastructure does not cause any improvement in the economic

development of the country.
(A)True
(B)False
6 The presence of health infrastructure along with accessibility to all is necessary to have
healthy people.
(A)True
(B)False
7 India produces 12,000 medical graduates every year and hence there is surplus manpower
in health sector in India.

(A)True
(B)False
8 HIV/AIDS is included among one of the non-communicable diseases.
(A)True
(B)False
9 The child sex ratio declined from 945 in 1991 to 927 in 2001. It indicates growing
incidence of female foeticide in the country.
(A)True
(B)False
10 According to WHO, ‘Health is merely the physical well-being of a person’.
(A)True
(B)False
Infrastructure associated with education, health and housing are included in the economic
infrastructure
11
(a) True
(b) False
Which of the following statement is true?
(a) Mere presence of health infrastructure is sufficient to have healthy people.

(b) Over the years, India has built a vast health infrastructure and manpower at
12 different levels.
(c) A study reports that more than 70 per cent of the hospitals in India are run by
the public sector.
(d) Private Hospitals provide healthcare for 46 per cent of out-patients and 80 per
cent of in-patients.
Which of the following statement is not true?
(a) Since the 1990s, owing to liberalisation measures, many non-resident Indians
and industrial and pharmaceutical companies have set up state-of-the-art super-
13 specialty hospitals to attract India’s rich and medical tourists
(b) A 2017 study shows nearly two thirds of GBD, now known as Total Burden of
Disease was caused by non-communicable diseases associated with heart,
respiratory system – lungs, kidney, obesity and lifestyle
(c) . States, like Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh, are
relatively ahead in healthcare facilities

(d) . The GBD Study 2017 reports that premature deaths due to neonatal disorders
tops in both the years 2007 and 2017 and this as not declined since 2005.
14 Schools, colleges, hospitals are elements of economic infrastructure.
(A)True
(B)False
15 Community health centers often work as referral centres for primary health centres
(A)True
(B)False
16 Private sector has emerged as the dominant source of healthcare services in India.
(A)True
(B)False
17 Hospitals under the secondary sector have advanced level equipment and
medicine.
(A)True
(B)False
18 India’s health infrastructure and health care is made up of a three-tier system.

A) True
B) False
19 Infrastructural development in India has not been uniform over last six decades
A) True
B) False
20 The private sector in India has started playing an important role in infrastructure
development in joint partnership with the public sector.
A) True
B) False
ANSWERS
SL NO TRUE/FALSE
1 TRUE

2 TRUE
3 FALSE
4 TRUE
5 FALSE
6 True
7 False
8 False
9 True
10 False
11 (b) False
12 (a) Over the years, India has built a vast health infrastructure and
manpower at different levels.
13 (c) States, like Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh,
are relatively ahead in healthcare facilities
14 False
15 True
16 True
17 False
18 True
19 True
20 True


ASSERTION- REASON QUESTIONS
1. Assertion (A): Services like roads, railways, ports, airports etc. are included in
infrastructure.
Reason(R): Infrastructure provides supporting services in the main areas of
industrial and agricultural production, domestic and foreign trade and commerce.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
2. Assertion (A): In recent times private sector has been playing a dominant role in
health sector.
Reason(R): Scholars point out that private sector in India has grown independently
without any major regulation.
3. Assertion (a): There is a sharp divide between rural and urban healthcare in India.
Reason(R): In order to provide basic healthcare to all, accessibility and
affordability need to be integrated in our basic health infrastructure.
4
Assertion (A) : Economic infrastructure and social infrastructure are
complementary to each other for the development of the economy.
Reason ( R ): Social infrastructure improves human productivity and efficiency

through facilities of education, health, housing, etc.
Alternatives:
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason ( R ) are True and Reason ( R ) is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A) .
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason ( R ) are True and Reason ( R ) is not the

correct explanation of Assertion (A) .
(c ) Assertion (A) is True but Reason ( R ) is False.
(d) Assertion (A) is False but Reason ( R ) is True.

5
Assertion (A): There exists a positive correlation between economic growth and the
development of infrastructure.
Reason ( R ): Growth is an index of increasing productive activity, which requires

a larger quantity of energy and better health facilities.
Alternatives:

6
Assertion (A): Indian Systems of Medicine (ISM) can solve a large part of our
health care problems.
Reason ( R ): ISM has a lot of side effects and is very expensive.
Alternatives:

7 Assertion: Private-Public Partnership (PPP) an effectively ensure reliability,
quality and affordability of both drugs and Medicare.
Reason: More than 70% of the hospitals in India are run by the private sector.
(A) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is correct explanation of
assertion
(B) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is the correct explanation of
assertion
(C) Assertion is true, reason is false
(D) Assertion is false, reason is true
8 Assertion: Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) is an indicator used by experts to
measure the number of people dying prematurely due to a particular disease as
well as the number of years spent by them in a state of disability owing to the
disease.
Reason: India has about 9% of GBD.
assertion
assertion
9 Assertion: Abortions are a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in
India.
Reason: Morbidity is the proneness to major diseases.
assertion
assertion
10 Assertion: Roads, railways and posts are included in social infrastructure.
Reason: Education is also a major social infrastructure of an economy.
assertion
assertion
11 Assertion (A): The share of power and telecommunication infrastructure is greater
in high-income countries.
Reason (R) : As economies mature and most of their basic consumption demands
are met, the share of agriculture in the economy shrinks and more service-related
infrastructure is required
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A)
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the
correct explanation of Assertion (A)
(c) Only Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false
(d) Only Reason (R) is true and Assertion (A)is false
12 Assertion (A): The government of India has the constitutional obligation to guide
and regulate all health related issues, such as medical education, adulteration of
food, drugs and poisons, medical profession, vital statistics, mental deficiency and
lunacy.
Reason (R) : The Government of India evolves broad policies and plans through
the Indian Council of Medical Research
13 Assertion (A): Indian Systems of Medicine (ISM) have less potential and cannot
solve a large part of our healthcare problems
Reason (R) : Indian Systems of Medicine are effective, safe and inexpensive.
14 Assertion (A): Though 70 per cent of India’s population lives in rural areas, only
one-fifth of its hospitals (including private hospitals) are located in rural areas.
Reason (R) : The PHCs located in rural areas do not even offer X-ray or blood
testing facilities, which for a city dweller, constitutes basic healthcare.
15 Assertion (A): The deterioration in the child sex ratio in India from 927 in 2001 to
919 in 2011 points to the growing incidence of female foeticide.
Reason (R) : More than 50 per cent of married women in the age group of 15–49
years have anaemia and nutritional anaemia
16 Assertion (A): A well developed infrastructure attracts foreign investors who
hesitate to invest in a country which lacks basic facilities.
Reason (R) :The prosperity of a country depends directly upon the development of
agricultural and industrial production.
Alternatives:
A. Both Assertion and reason are true and reason is correct explanation of
assertion.
B. Assertion and reason both are true but reason is not the correct explanation of
assertion.
C. Assertion is true, reason is false.
D. Assertion is false, reason is true.
17 1. Assertion (A): The private sector in India has grown independently without
any major regulation; some private practitioners are not even registered
doctors and are known as quacks.
Reason (R): All those hospitals which have advanced level equipment and
medicines and undertake all the complicated health problems come under the
primary sector.
(A) Both Assertion and Reason(R) are true and Reason ® is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason(R) are true and Reason ® is not
The correct explanation of Assertion(A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true but Reason ® is false
(D) Assertion(A) is false but Reason(R) is true.
18 Assertion (A): Women's health across the country has become a matter of great
concern with the reports of increasing cases of female feoticide and mortality.
Reason(R): Health is not a yardstick of human well being, physical as well as
mental.
(A)Both Assertion and Reason(R) are true and Reason ® is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(B)Both Assertion (A) and Reason(R) are true and Reason ® is not the correct
explanation of Assertion(A).
© Assertion (A) is true but Reason R is false
(D) Assertion(A) is false but Reason(R) is true.
ANSWER
SL NO ANSWER
1 A
2 A
3 B
4 A
5 A
6 C
7 B
8 C
9 B
10 D
11 (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct
12 ©Only Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false
13 (d) Only Reason (R) is true and Assertion (A)is false
14 (a)Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is the correct
15 (b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct
16 B
17 C. Assertion (A) is true but Reason R is false
18 C
PREPIRED BY : PGT ECONOMICS OF BHUBANESWAR, GUWAHATI,

KOLKATA, RANCHI, SILCHAR AND TINSIKIA REGION.

IED CH 8

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CHAPTER -8- INFRASTRUCTURE

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1 _________________is the most important component of economic infrastructure.(Fill in the

(a) Public sector

a) Punjab, Himachal Pradesh industrially more advanced

1|Page 8 October 2021,ZIET BHUBANESWAR

b) It generates linkage in production

c) It reduces the size of the market

a)Health is a part of Social Infrastructure.

b)Infrastructural facilities raise productivity in the tertiary sector of the economy.

c) urban -rural gap does not exist in health sector facilities

d)decline in infant and maternal mortality rate

a)increase in infant mortality rate

b) increase in life expectancy

c)Both (a) and (b)

d)Neither (a) nor (b)

2|Page 8 October 2021,ZIET BHUBANESWAR

a) Economic infrastructure c) social infrastructure

(A) IT support system

(A) 2.7% of total GDP

(A) International System of Medicine

3|Page 8 October 2021,ZIET BHUBANESWAR

4|Page 8 October 2021,ZIET BHUBANESWAR

5|Page 8 October 2021,ZIET BHUBANESWAR

6|Page 8 October 2021,ZIET BHUBANESWAR

7|Page 8 October 2021,ZIET BHUBANESWAR

(a) India (b) Pakistan © USA (d) China

46 Working of the modern economy depends on…… (Creation)

(A) Agriculture production (B)development of infrastructure

8|Page 8 October 2021,ZIET BHUBANESWAR

11. (D) Both A and C

22 (d) All of the above

26 (b) 9,300 to 53,800

27 (b) Global Burden of Diseases

9|Page 8 October 2021,ZIET BHUBANESWAR

PREPIRED BY : PGT ECONOMICS OF BHUBANESWAR,

10 | P a g e 8 October 2021,ZIET BHUBANESWAR

Source: Financial Express, March 22, 2021

1.1. Most of the COVID-19 vaccines used in India are

(a) Imported from the USA

(b) Imported from China

(c) Manufactured in India

(d) Both (a) and (b)

1|Page 8 October 2021,ZIET BHUBANESWAR

(b) United Kingdom

(d) Asia and Africa

a) To improve nutritional requirements

2|Page 8 October 2021,ZIET BHUBANESWAR

a) Poverty b) illiteracy c) ignorance d) all of these

ii) _____ infrastructure accelerates the process of economic growth directly. (

iii) Infrastructure generates employment opportunities.( True/False)

3|Page 8 October 2021,ZIET BHUBANESWAR

Source: Report of the National Commission on Macroeconomics and Health, 2005.

1.Which of the following is an example of secondary health centre?

3.State whether the given statement is True or False:

4.State whether the given statement is True or False:

4|Page 8 October 2021,ZIET BHUBANESWAR

5. Read the following text carefully and answer question.

5|Page 8 October 2021,ZIET BHUBANESWAR

(a) Funds of respective state government

6|Page 8 October 2021,ZIET BHUBANESWAR

6. Read the following text carefully and answer question .