STATION 1– DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM

Which of the following is an example of dynamic equilibrium?

Highlight the characteristics that only apply to Dynamic Equilibrium.

- It is a closed system.
- It is an open system.
- The rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction.
- The rate of the forward and reverse reactions is NOT equal.
- The concentration of reactants is equal to the concentration of the
products.
- The macroscopic qualities remain consistent (no change in pH,
temperature or pressure).
- There is no movement of particles at the microscopic level when the
system is at equilibrium.
- Concentrations of all reactants and products remain constant.
- Continuous changes occur at the atomic level.
- Equilibrium can be approached from either direction.
- Equilibrium can only be approached from one direction.
- Equilibrium reactions always go to completion.
- The reactions at equilibrium always begin at the forward reaction and
then the reverse reaction.
- Temperature, Concentration and Pressure can shift the equilibrium
towards the forward and the reverse reaction.
- Reaction needs to be spontaneous and reversible.

STATION 1– DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM ANSWERS

Which of the following is an example of dynamic equilibrium?

Highlight the characteristics that only apply to Dynamic Equilibrium.

 - It is a closed system.
- It is an open system.
- The rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction.
- The rate of the forward and reverse reactions is NOT equal.
- The concentration of reactants is equal to the concentration of the
products.
- The macroscopic qualities remain consistent (no change in pH,
temperature or pressure).
- There is no movement of particles at the microscopic level when the
system is at equilibrium.
- Concentrations of all reactants and products remain constant.
- Continuous changes occur at the atomic level.
- Equilibrium can be approached from either direction.
- Equilibrium can only be approached from one direction.
- Equilibrium reactions always go to completion.
- The reactions at equilibrium always begin at the forward reaction and
then the reverse reaction.
- Temperature, Concentration and Pressure can shift the equilibrium
towards the forward and the reverse reaction.
- Reaction needs to be spontaneous and reversible.
STATION 2 – NON-EQUILIBRIUM SYSTEMS

1. Highlight the correct statements to complete the following sentences

(there may be more than one correct answer).

 Enthalpy refers to the changes in…

- Heat in and out of the system
- Order/ disorder of molecules
- The measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system
- The quality of energy in a thermodynamic system

 Entropy refers to the changes in…

- Heat in and out of the system
 - Order/ disorder of molecules
- The measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system
- The quality of energy in a thermodynamic system

2. Complete the table below by writing the correct symbol and circling the
correct sign (+/-)

Non-Equilibrium Gibbs free

Enthalpy Entropy
Systems energy
Symbol
Exothermic +/-
Endothermic +/-
Order +/-
Random +/-
Spontaneous +/-
Non-Spontaneous +/-
Photosynthesis +/- +/- +/-
Combustion +/- +/- +/-

STATION 2 – NON-EQUILIBRIUM SYSTEMS ANSWERS

1. Highlight the correct statements to complete the following sentences

(there may be more than one correct answer).

 Enthalpy refers to the changes in…

- Heat in and out of the system
- Order/ disorder of molecules
- The measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system
- The quality of energy in a thermodynamic system

 Entropy refers to the changes in…

- Heat in and out of the system
- Order/ disorder of molecules
- The measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system
 - The quality of energy in a thermodynamic system

2. Complete the table below by writing the correct symbol and circling the
correct sign (+/-)

Non-Equilibrium Gibbs free

Enthalpy Entropy
Systems energy
Symbol H S G
Exothermic +/-
Endothermic +/-
Order +/-
Random +/-
Spontaneous +/-
Non-Spontaneous +/-
Photosynthesis +/- +/- +/-
Combustion +/- +/- +/-
STATION 3 – ENERGY PROFILE DIAGRAMS AND ACTIVATION ENERGY
Annotate the following energy profile diagrams to indicate the following:
- Endothermic/ Exothermic reaction
- Enthalpy ( H)
- Activation energy (Ea)
- Reactants and Products
- Transition step
- Example Reaction Equation
STATION 3 – ENERGY PROFILE DIAGRAMS AND ACTIVATION ENERGY ANSWERS
STATION 4 – LE CHATLIER’S PRINCIPLE (TEMPERATURE,
CONCENTRATION AND PRESSURE)

QUESTION 1
What would happen to the position of the equilibrium when the following
changes are made to the equilibrium system below?

CH4(g) + 2H2S(g) ↔ CS2(g) + 4H2(g)

a) Decrease the concentration of dihydrogen sulfide (hydrosulfuric acid).

Equilibrium will shift to the left/ right

b) Increase the pressure on the system.

Equilibrium will shift to the left/ right

c) Increase the temperature of the system.

Equilibrium will shift to the left/ right

d) Increase the concentration of carbon disulfide.

Equilibrium will shift to the left/ right

e) Decrease the concentration of methane.

Equilibrium will shift to the left/ right

QUESTION 2

Predict the effect of decreasing the temperature on the position of the following
equilibria.

a) 2NH3(g) ↔ N2(g) + 3H2(g) ∆ H = +37.2 kJ

Equilibrium will shift to the left/ right

b) CO(g) + H2O(g) ↔ CO2(g) + H2(g) ∆ H = -27.6 kJ

Equilibrium will shift to the left/ right

STATION 4 – LE CHATLIER’S PRINCIPLE (TEMPERATURE,

CONCENTRATION AND PRESSURE) ANSWERS
QUESTION 1
What would happen to the position of the equilibrium when the following
changes are made to the equilibrium system below?

CH4(g) + 2H2S(g) ↔ CS2(g) + 4H2(g)

a) Decrease the concentration of dihydrogen sulfide (hydrosulfuric acid).

Equilibrium will shift to the left/ right

b) Increase the pressure on the system.

Equilibrium will shift to the left/ right

c) Increase the temperature of the system.

Equilibrium will shift to the left/ right/ can’t tell

d) Increase the concentration of carbon disulfide.

Equilibrium will shift to the left/ right

e) Decrease the concentration of methane.

Equilibrium will shift to the left/ right

QUESTION 2

Predict the effect of decreasing the temperature on the position of the following
equilibria.

a) 2NH3(g) ↔ N2(g) + 3H2(g) ∆ H = +37.2 kJ

Equilibrium will shift to the left/ right

b) CO(g) + H2O(g) ↔ CO2(g) + H2(g) ∆ H = -27.6 kJ

Equilibrium will shift to the left/ right

STATION 5 – LE CHATLIER’S PRINCIPLE (TEMPERATURE,

CONCENTRATION AND PRESSURE)

QUESTION 1
Predict the effect of decreasing the volume of the container for each
equilibrium.

a) 2H2O(g) + N2(g) ↔ 2H2(g) + 2NO(g)

Equilibrium will shift to the left/ right

b) SiO2(s) + 4HF(g) ↔ SiF4(g) + 2H2O(g)

Equilibrium will shift to the left/ right

c) CO(g) + H2(g) ↔ C(s) + H2O(g)

Equilibrium will shift to the left/ right

QUESTION 2

What would happen to the position of the equilibrium when the following
changes are made to the equilibrium system below?

2SO3(g) ↔ 2SO2(g) + O2(g)

a) Sulfur dioxide is added to the system.

Equilibrium will shift to the left/ right

b) Sulfur trioxide is removed from the system.

Equilibrium will shift to the left/ right

c) Oxygen is added to the system.

Equilibrium will shift to the left/ right

STATION 5 – LE CHATLIER’S PRINCIPLE (TEMPERATURE,

CONCENTRATION AND PRESSURE) ANSWERS

QUESTION 1

Predict the effect of decreasing the volume of the container for each
equilibrium.
 1. 2H2O(g) + N2(g) ↔ 2H2(g) + 2NO(g)

Equilibrium will shift to the left/ right

2. SiO2(s) + 4HF(g) ↔ SiF4(g) + 2H2O(g)

Equilibrium will shift to the left/ right

3. CO(g) + H2(g) ↔ C(s) + H2O(g)

Equilibrium will shift to the left/ right

QUESTION 2

What would happen to the position of the equilibrium when the following
changes are made to the equilibrium system below?

2SO3(g) ↔ 2SO2(g) + O2(g)

a) Sulfur dioxide is added to the system.

Equilibrium will shift to the left/ right

b) Sulfur trioxide is removed from the system.

Equilibrium will shift to the left/ right

c) Oxygen is added to the system.

Equilibrium will shift to the left/ right

STATION 6- EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT (Keq)

1. The Equilibrium Constant Keq can be used to:

A. Predict the direction of a chemical reaction

B. Predict the extent of a chemical reaction
C. Determine equilibrium concentration of a mixture
D. All of the above
 2. Write the expression for the equilibrium constant (Keq) for the following
equations

a) H 2 ( g )+ I 2 ( g ) ↔ 2 HI (g)

b) 2 NO ( g ) ↔ N 2 ( g ) +O2 (g)

c) NH 4 HS ( s ) ↔ NH 3 ( g ) + H 2 S (g)

d) CO ( g )+ H 2 O ( g ) ↔ CO 2 ( g ) + H 2 (g)

e) PCl5 ( g ) ↔ PCl3 ( g ) +Cl 2(g)

STATION 6- EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT (Keq) ANSWERS

1. The Equilibrium Constant Keq can be used to:

A. Predict the direction of a chemical reaction

B. Predict the extent of a chemical reaction
C. Determine equilibrium concentration of a mixture
D. All of the above

2. Write the expression for the equilibrium constant (Keq) for the following
equations
a) H 2 ( g )+ I 2 ( g ) ↔ 2 HI (g)

2
(HI )
Keq=
(H 2)( I 2)

b) 2 NO ( g ) ↔ N 2 ( g ) +O2 (g)

(N 2)(O2 )
Keq=
(NO)2

c) NH 4 HS ( s ) ↔ NH 3 ( g ) + H 2 S (g)

Keq=(NH 3)(H 2 S)

d) CO ( g )+ H 2 O ( g ) ↔ CO 2 ( g ) + H 2 (g)

(H 2 )(CO2 )
Keq=
(CO)( H 2 O)

e) PCl5 ( g ) ↔ PCl3 ( g ) +Cl 2(g)

(PCl3)(Cl2 )
Keq=
(PCl 5)

STATION 7- PRACTICAL INVESTIGATIONS

Match the practical investigation with the correct equation and write the worded
equation in the space provided below.

Practical 1: ________________________________________________

Practical 2: _________________________________________________
Practical 3: _________________________________________________

Practical 4: _________________________________________________

Practical 5: _________________________________________________

Practical 6: __________________________________________________

STATION 7- PRACTICAL INVESTIGATIONS

Match the practical investigation with the correct equation and write the worded
equation in the space provided below.

Practical 1: ________________________________________________

Practical 2: _________________________________________________
Practical 3: Magnesium + oxygen

Practical 4: Iron + Oxygen Iron (II) oxide

Practical 5: Dinitrogen dioxide  Nitrogen dioxide

Practical 6: Hydrated copper sulphate  dehydrated copper sulphate

1 2 3

5 4 6