Presented By :

Hussein Lateef Thamer

Introduction
A major application area of thermodynamics is refrigeration, which is
the transfer of heat from a lower temperature region to a higher
temperature one .

Devices that produce refrigeration are called refrigerators, and the

cycles on which they operate are called refrigeration cycles.

The most frequently used refrigeration cycle is the vapor compression

refrigeration cycle in which the refrigerant is vaporized and condensed
alternately and is compressed in the vapor phase.
Four basic processes in the ideal vapor-
compression cycle:

Process Description

1-2 Isentropic Compression

2-3 Constant Pressure Heat rejection in the condenser

3-4 Throttling in an expansion valve

4-1 Constant pressure heat addition in the evaporator

T-S diagram for the ideal vapor compression refrigeration cycle
Compressor

The refrigerant comes into the compressor as a low pressure gas, it

is compressed and then moves out of the compressor as a high-
pressure gas.
Condenser

The gas then flows to the condenser. Here the gas condenses to a
liquid, and gives off its heat to the outside air
Expansion Valve / Metering Device

The liquid then moves to the expansion valve under high pressure.
This valve restricts the flow of the fluid, and lowers its pressure as it
leaves the expansion valve.
 Evaporator

The low-pressure liquid then moves to the evaporator, where heat from
the inside air is absorbed and changes it from a liquid to a gas.
Compressor

As a hot low-pressure gas, the refrigerant moves to the

compressor where the entire cycle is repeated
 Co-efficient Of Performance (Cop)

❖ The performance of refrigerators is expressed in terms of Co-efficient

Of Performance, defined as
C.O.P = desired output / required input
Or
C.O.P = Cooling effect / work input

= QL / Wnet, input

❖ A rule of thumb is that the C.O.P improves by 2 to 4 percept for

each °C the evaporating temperature is raised or the condensing
temperature is lowered.
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