THREE-TERMINAL NETWORKS:

Situations often arise in circuit analysis when the resistors are neither in series nor in
parallel connection. They can be simplified by using three-terminal equivalent networks.

1.) WYE (Y) OR TEE (T) NETWORK

2.) DELTA ( Δ) OR PI ( π) NETWORK

R31 R31

R12 R23 R12 R23

DELTA TO WYE CONVERSION

1 2
R12

R31 R23

3
 DELTA-TO-WYE TRANSFORMATION – RY = ( RD RD )/( ∑ 𝑅𝐷 ) - the equivalent wye-
connected resistance, RY, is equal to the product of the resistances of the 2 adjacent resistors
( to where RY is connected) divided by the sum of all the delta-connected resistances.

𝑅12𝑅31 𝑅12𝑅23 𝑅31𝑅23

R1 = ∑ 𝑅𝐷
R2 = ∑ 𝑅𝐷
R3 = ∑ 𝑅𝐷

where : ∑ 𝑅𝛥 = R12 + R23 + R31

WYE-TO-DELTA TRANSFORMATION – RD = ∑ 𝑅𝑌𝑌 /RY_ OPPOSITE - the equivalent delta-

connected resistance, RD , is equal to the sum of the products of all possible pairs of wye-
connected resistances divided by the resistance of the wye-connected resistor opposite to the
delta-connected resistor being converted into.

.
∑ 𝑅𝑌𝑌 ∑ 𝑅𝑌𝑌 ∑ 𝑅𝑌𝑌
R12 = R23 = R31 =
𝑅3 𝑅1 𝑅2

where : ∑ 𝑅𝑌𝑌 = R1R 2 + R2R 3 + R3R 1

Ex. 1.) Each of the 3 resistors connected in WYE has the same resistance, R. If this WYE
network is to be replaced by an equivalent delta network, what must be the value of each
resistor in delta connection?

2.) Determine the total current in the circuit shown below.