Y- transform

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search For application in statistical mechanics see Yang-Baxter equation. For the device which transforms three-phase electric power without a neutral wire into three-phase power with a neutral wire, see delta-wye transformer. The Y- transform, also written Y-delta, Wye-delta, Kennellys delta-star transformation, star-mesh transformation, T- or T-pi transform, is a mathematical technique to simplify the analysis of an electrical network. The name derives from the shapes of the circuit diagrams, which look respectively like the letter Y and the Greek capital letter . In the United Kingdom, the wye diagram is sometimes known as a star. This circuit transformation theory was published by Arthur Edwin Kennelly in 1899.[1]

Contents
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1 Basic Y- transformation o 1.1 Equations for the transformation from -load to Y-load 3-phase circuit o 1.2 Equations for the transformation from Y-load to -load 3-phase circuit 2 Graph theory 3 Demonstration o 3.1 -load to Y-load transformation equations o 3.2 Y-load to -load transformation equations 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External links

[edit] Basic Y- transformation

and Y circuits with the labels which are used in this article.

The transformation is used to establish equivalence for networks with three terminals. Where three elements terminate at a common node and none are sources, the node is eliminated by transforming the impedances. For equivalence, the impedance between any pair of terminals must be the same for both networks. The equations given here are valid for complex as well as real impedances.

[edit] Equations for the transformation from -load to Y-load 3-phase circuit
The general idea is to compute the impedance Ry at a terminal node of the Y circuit with impedances R', R'' to adjacent nodes in the circuit by

where R are all impedances in the circuit. This yields the specific formulae

[edit] Equations for the transformation from Y-load to -load 3-phase circuit
The general idea is to compute an impedance R in the circuit by

where RP = R1R2 + R2R3 + R3R1 is the sum of the products of all pairs of impedances in the Y circuit and Ropposite is the impedance of the node in the Y circuit which is opposite the edge with R. The formula for the individual edges are thus

[edit] Graph theory

In graph theory, the Y- transform means replacing a Y subgraph of a graph with the equivalent subgraph. The transform preserves the number of edges in a graph, but not the number of vertices or the number of cycles. Two graphs are said to be Y- equivalent if one can be obtained from the other by a series of Y- transforms in either direction. For example, the Petersen graph family is a Y- equivalence class.

[edit] Demonstration
[edit] -load to Y-load transformation equations

and Y circuits with the labels that are used in this article. To relate {Ra,Rb,Rc} from to {R1,R2,R3} from Y, the impedance between two corresponding nodes is compared. The impedance in either configuration is determined as if one of the nodes is disconnected from the circuit. The impedance between N1 and N2 with N3 disconnected in :

To simplify, let RT be the sum of {Ra,Rb,Rc}.

RT = Ra + Rb + Rc Thus,

The corresponding impedance between N1 and N2 in Y is simple: RY(N1,N2) = R1 + R2 hence:

(1) Repeating for R(N2,N3):

(2) and for R(N1,N3):

(3) From here, the values of {R1,R2,R3} can be determined by linear combination (addition and/or subtraction). For example, adding (1) and (3), then subtracting (2) yields

thus,

where RT = Ra + Rb + Rc

For completeness:

(4)

(5)

(6)

[edit] Y-load to -load transformation equations

Let RT = Ra + Rb + Rc. We can write the to Y equations as

(1)

(2)

(3) Multiplying the pairs of equations yields

(4)

(5)

(6) and the sum of these equations is

(7) Factor RaRbRc from the right side, leaving RT in the numerator, canceling with an RT in the denominator.

(8) -Note the similarity between (8) and {(1),(2),(3)} Divide (8) by (1)

which is the equation for Rc. Dividing (8) by R2 or R3 gives the other equations.