Fumigation Management Guidlines

Fumigation Management Guidelines
CONTENTS #
1. Types of Pest Control Services 3

2. Services Categories:
- Commercial Pest Control 3
- Residential Pest Control
3. Commercial Pest Control & Waste Management Zones 3
4. Pest Free Food Zone Program 4
5. Pests Expel Program 4
6. No Space Pest Program 4
7. Residential Pest Control Service 5
8. Finding Synergy between Pest Management Professionals 5
9. Proper Inspection 6
10. Adopting IPM Program 6
11. Engaging the Habib Enterprises Pest Control Services 6
12. Anti-Termite Treatment 7
13. Bed Bugs Control & Treatment Services: 9
14. Rats & Mice Control 11
15. Wood Borer Treatment 13
16. Mosquitoes Control & Treatment Services 14
17. What Is Dengue 15
18. Cockroaches Control Inspection & Treatment Services 17
19. Reptiles / Lizards Fumigation 19

20. Details Of Chemicals Being Used For Pest Control Services 20
21. Guidelines For Fumigation Services 21
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22. Fumigation Risk Assessment 22
23. Pest Management Equipment’s List 22
24. Herbicide Treatment 23

25. Complete Management Of Snake Control Services 24
26. Guidance For Snake Catching 27
27. Cats & Dogs Extermination Services 28

28. Guidelines On Occupational Safety And Health For Pest
28
Control Operation
1. Introduction
2. Safety And Health Hazards That Pest Control Operators Are
Exposed To
1. Pesticide Poisoning
1.1 Routes Of Entry Of Pesticides Into Body
1.2 Symptoms Of Poisoning
1.3 Safe Practice In Using Pesticides
2. Other Safety And Health Hazards
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2.1 Contraction Of Infectious Diseases
2.2 Pest Attack
2.3 Adverse Working Environment
2.4 Manual Handling Operations
2.5 Fire And Explosion
3. Procedure to the Use of Pesticide
4. Details Of Applying And Classification Of Pest Control
Chemicals
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Types of Pest Control Services:
1. General Fumigation
2. Rodent / Rats Control
3. Cockroach Treatment
4. Gel Treatment for Cockroaches
5. Anti-Bed Bugs Treatment
6. Mosquitoes / Dengue Treatment
7. Wood Borer Treatment
8. Lizards Treatment
9. Flies Treatment
10. Anti-Termite Proofing Treatment (Pre Construction & Post Construction)
11. Snake Control Treatment
12. Cats & Dogs Extermination Services
13. Herbicide Treatment
Services Categories:
• Commercial Pest Control
• Residential Pest Control
COMMERCIAL PEST CONTROL & WASTE MANAGEMENT ZONES
We render service to all commercial buildings, big or small:
• Oil & Gas well sites, Yards, Warehouses, site offices etc.
• Power generator and distribution plants
• Industries
• Banks
• Office Buildings
• Restaurants
• Schools
• Multi-Family Properties
• Food Processing /Food Services
• Warehouses /Storage Yards
• Hotels
• Doctors Offices
• Health Care Facilities
• Factories
• Gordon
• Irrigation Lands
• Open Grounds /Playing areas
• Public Parks /Parks
• Utility and Waste Water Ponds
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COMMERCIAL AREAS PEST CONTROL
Habib Enterprises Pest Services Program incorporates the use of Integrated Pest
Management (IPM) techniques and solutions designed to manage and mitigate pests. M/s
HE Pest Control’s experienced technicians and professionals would inspect your facility and
then design a special program that fits your needs and helps to keep your establishment
pest free.
Call us today for an inspection and estimate to keep your Premises

pest-free!
PEST FREE FOOD ZONE PROGRAM
The Food processing plants are subjected to strict regulation that demands much more
than most other industries. It demands the need for a pest-free environment and the
restrictions/limitations on use of products in the facility.
Full service or fast serve, restaurants are highly attractive to pests since these facilities can
provide easy access to everything they need and want for their survival– i.e., food, water,
and shelter. And once they infiltrate, these pests – mostly cockroaches, rats, mice, and ants
– can besides contaminate food, cause health department notices or penalty, cause loss of
your customers, and close your business & reputation.
All this makes the pest management programs more challenging and difficult to implement
and fulfill, Habib Enterprises Pest Control has the experienced technicians which are
needed to help defend food processing & storage areas against pests.
PESTS EXPEL PROGRAM

It is recommended that clients use Integrated Pest Management (IPM) techniques and
programs to reduce the potential of pesticide risk and exposure to human beings. Habib
Enterprises Pest Control, we have the expertise to ensure the same.
Habib Enterprises Pest Control Services’ Pest Control Program:

It begins with a complete inspection to determine existing pest presence and conducive
conditions that help the pests to thrive. Exclusion and prevention strategies are needed to
reduce sources of food, water, and shelter that attract pests both in and around the
building. Use of Integrated Pest Management (IPM techniques), including the judicious and
careful use of pesticides only when and where necessary Provides ongoing communication
and written documentation at every service to partner with you to create a pest-free facility
for all your family members, staff, and visitors. As a prelude to starting any program, our
experienced professionals would carry out a full inspection to determine the presence of any
existing pests present, provide recommendations for exclusion and prevention, and design a
special pest management program to the specifications of your facility and practice.
NO SPACE PEST PROGRAM

Whether it is warehousing and storage for food products, consumer goods, or electronic
gadgets, your warehouse facilities could be under the threat of pest invasion and infestation
due to insects /rodents being brought in with goods or moving in from outdoors.
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Immaterial of the type of storage or reason of pest invasion, our Pest Control Services
has the experience and qualified professionals to help you prevent infestations and
keep the menace of the pests in your facilities under control.
As a prelude to starting any program, HE Pest Control Services’ experienced professionals

would carry out a full inspection to determine the presence of any existing pests present,
provide recommendations for exclusion and prevention, and design a special pest
management program to the specifications of your facility and practice.
RESIDENTIAL PEST CONTROL SERVICE

HE Pest Control Services provides round the year protection for your family and
residential areas. Our program consists of monthly scheduled visits.
Our aim is to control these pests before they can become a problem for you. The products
and applications we use today are much friendlier/safe food to the environment than the
products which were being used a few years back. Regular applications at scheduled
intervals are necessary to control these pests.
FINDING SYNERGY BETWEEN PEST MANAGEMENT PROFESSIONALS

Pests descend even on the cleanest premise and can cause stress and disgust among
facilities occupants and their clients with their presence. While, the most effective way to
control pests would be in engaging a professional pest control company; however, there are
some challenges even in engaging professionals. A client cannot afford not to know what
these challenges are and how they could lead to treatment failure.
A successful integrated pest management is possible only through a proper synergy between
pest control and FM service providers. Listed below are seven common pitfalls that result in
infestation.
SECURING ENTRY POINTS

Pests descend because there are points of entry — Rats being supple, even a large one can
squeeze itself from under a door; cockroaches can find their way in through supplies and
find cracks and crevices to set up their new home; files and mosquitoes fly in through
frequently opened doors and so on.
In places where doors are frequently opened, the facility should be protected with air
curtains. If physical measures are not recommended by the pest control company to facility
management and or facility management fails to implement such measures, even the very
best of pest control treatments are likely to fail. It is not uncommon on the part of the FM to
refrain from taking measures despite the pest control vendor highlighting points of pest
entry and the required remedy.
DENYING FOOD TO PESTS
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Pests will perish without food; however, even in the cleanest of premises some food might
be left uncovered or not sealed enough to prevent pests entering.
Garbage bins within premises must be emptied out before the end of business every
evening. If they must be left indoors overnight they need to be in well-sealed and sturdy
containers so that pests cannot find their way in or eat their way in. There should be no
food spillage left behind.
Kitchens tend to build up grease and cockroaches thrive on such surfaces, making most pest
control products to fail. Dust is another friend of pests because most pest control products
particularly cockroach gels and rodent baits are not effective in industrial dusty conditions.
The Habib Enterprises highlight their findings on hygiene and sanitation regularly to client.
If client fails to improve the conditions or does not implement the recommendations of the
vendor, pest control measures could turn ineffective.
PROPER INSPECTION
Besides identifying entry points, it is also important to correctly identify the pests. If flying
alates of subterranean termites are mistakenly identified to be flying ants or vice versa, the
treatment measures can be totally ineffective and may cause unnecessary expenditure for
the client.
All cockroaches, for example, are not the same. The long brownish and large American
Cockroach breed in sewers. If they are mistaken for German Cockroaches and only cracks
and crevices within the facility are treated there could be a treatment failure.
All rats are not the same either. The long slender black roof rat generally enters and also
hides in higher places in the facility as the name roof rat implies. Whereas the fat brown
sewer rats find their way into the premises from the sewers. Location of placing traps or bait
stations is critical for optimum results. With termites visual inspection alone is not sufficient
because their entry and presence go unnoticed until the damage has been done.
ADOPTING IPM PROGRAM

There is a common misconception that pest control program is all about frequently spraying
pesticides and doing it thoroughly with the most powerful product available. Whereas an
integrated pest management program (IPM) utilizes an integrated approach which also
includes pesticides.
Physical measures like denying entry, shelter and food to pests is a vital part of the program
as well as using pesticide free products like electric fly killers, traps, vacuuming and steam
treatments. A professional pest management company will not rely only on pesticides but
will rely on all possible measures of IPM. Even when it comes to use of pesticides,
professionals would use a gel formulation rather than a spray to contain the product to
cracks and crevices where the pest spends 80% of its lifecycle. The IPM approach minimizes
the development of pest resistance and is environmentally a sound practice. A program
based only on pesticide could fail and is not the best for the occupants of the facility.
MONITORING EFFECTIVENESS, CHANGING METHODS
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Monitoring the effectiveness of the treatment is as important as the treatment. Often, both
the pest control company and the client question or investigate only when a problem
develops and do not focus on continuous monitoring for effectiveness and developing
problems.
Monitoring results and then changing products & methods used are vital to maintain the
facility as a pest free zone.
Engaging the Habib Enterprises Pest Control Services

Using the right people for the job is important as it could help eliminate the above
challenges. Therefore, it is important that the team that services your facility is well trained
in professional pest control practices and integrated pest management. Our trained
professional can carry out inspections, develop the right program and utilize the right
materials to deliver an effective treatment that is closely monitored for effectiveness. Some
pest control companies invest in the right equipment and pest control products but
sometimes fail to invest in the proper training of the team. Further, the client in many
instances does not verify the training and competency of the team providing treatment.
ANTI TERMITE TREATMENT

Protecting Your Home from Termite Problems
TERMITE PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN EXPENSIVE CURE
Termites are among the most damaging structural pests in Pakistan. Commonly known as
white ants, they devour large amounts of wood and all other materials that contain cellulose.
Although some structures are more prone to termite attacks, every house is susceptible to a
potential termite infestation. While many house owners worry about fire or flooding, termite
damage is a much more common problem.
Even if your home is built mainly of brick or stone, there is a risk of termite attacks on
structural support and other building elements that are constructed of wood or other
cellulose containing materials.
Termites are very secretive insects. Hence, it comes as no surprise that termite activities are
usually recognized very late, when a lot of damage has already been done. Termite damage
weakens wooden structures, and repairs can be a costly affair. In Pakistan the most
commonly encountered pest termites are subterranean termites
1) Dampwood Termites:
Dampwood termites like to live and feed in very moist wood. because they need lots of
moisture, Dampwood Termites usually live in damp, dying wood or in houses with leaking
plumbing that keeps the wood wet.Dampwood termites do not carry disease and don?t
usually bother buildings because there is not enough water in the wood.
To avoid Dampwood termites, make sure water drains away from your house and keep
damp wood away from your home.
2) Drywood Termite
Drywood termites form colonies of up to 2,500 members. Drywood Termite colonies don?t
have workers.
Younger termites, called “false workers”, do all the work for the colony.
Drywood Termites eat wood, wallpaper, plastics and fabric made from plants.
Drywood Termite colonies are usually found in dry wood and they do not require moisture or
contact with the soil.Drywood termites can build nests and dig tunnels in buildings. These
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tunnels cause major damage because the wooden support beams can become weak and
make the building lean or fall down. To Prevent your Home from Drywood Termite, make
sure firewood and scrap wood is stored away from your house.
Seal all cracks and crevices around the outside of your home.
3) Formosan Termites
Formosan termite colonies can be up to 300 feet long and there can be tens of thousands of
termites in a single colony. Formosan termite colonies are divided into three groups:
workers, soldiers and reproductives. They are the largest and most destructive kind of
termite.
Formosan Termites eat wood and fabric made from plants. When they eat dead trees, these
termites help the environment and make space for new plant life.
Formosans live in huge underground colonies, and build mud nests inside the walls of a
building. They can also live in boats and buildings.
To avoid Formosan termites, make sure water drains away from your house and keep damp
wood away from your home. top
4) Subterranean Termites
Subterranean Termite colonies can have up to 2 million members! Their colonies are divided
into three groups: workers, soldiers and reproductive. Termites eat wood, wallpaper, plastics
and fabric made from plants.
Subterranean termites need contact with the soil to survive. They live in underground
colonies or in wet areas aboveground. They build tunnels to reach food and every spring,
groups of reproductive termites fly off to start new colonies.
Subterranean termites are the most destructive kind of termite. They can eat a lot of wood
and they can cause a lot of expensive damage to a house! They can destroy building
foundations, wooden support beams, plastic plumbing pipes, sub-flooring, and insulation?
Even swimming pool liners and filtration systems! Termites can also injure or destroy living
trees and shrubs.
To Prevent your house from Subterranean Termites
Don’t let water pool around your home’s foundation. Termites like
that! Never leave wood scraps in the yard for them to snack on.
HOW DO YOU KNOW IF YOU HAVE TERMITES?

The most common signs of a termite infestation include
Swarmers –
Generally shortly before and after the annual rains, winged reproductive termites, the so-
called Alates, emerge and make a short mating flight. Swarming termites are usually
attracted to bright light and can thus be found near windows. After mating they shed their
wings, which are another tell-tale sign of termite presence Shelter Tubes –
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Termites are very sensitive to changes in humidity. That is why they build mud tubes to
protect themselves from sunlight, predators and to maintain convenient humidity levels.
These tubes are a good sign of an ongoing termite infestation.
Damage –
As termite workers consume wood, they create honey combed galleries which run parallel to
the grain of the wood. There is often more damage than at first thought due to their
secretive lifestyle and consumption of wood from the inside out.
People often confuse termites with winged ants, especially when they swarm. Key
differences include:
The bodies of ants have a narrow constriction or waist, termites do not.
Termite wings are of equal length, ants have a long pair of wings and a short
pair of wings. All ants have elbowed antennae and termites have straight
antennae.
TERMITE CONTROL TREATMENTS – GET RID OF TERMITES

Understandably, people are very concerned when they discover they have a termite
problem. Fortunately, termite control technology has made tremendous strides in recent
years. By calling Habib Enterprises Pest Control, you can be assured that your home will be
serviced using the most modern materials and strategies available, and by a trained,
experienced Termite Control Technician.
Termites are an extremely persistent and challenging pest. Homeowners should not attempt
to resolve a termite problem on their own.
The chemicals used have greatly developed over the last decades, the recent most have a
minimal impact on other beneficial soil fauna and will not spoil groundwater levels, as did
the initial treatment methods.
Habib Enterprises Pest Control uses and advanced technique to protect homes from
subterranean termite infestation by creating a treated zone around the perimeter and sub-
floor of a premise. As termites tunnel through the treated zones in search of food, they are
exposed to a very effective termiticide. This insecticide is not only ingested, but also adheres
to the termites’ bodies. The affected termites then spread the chemical to other termites
through physical contact. Within a few weeks, the entire termite colony is destroyed.
WHY CHOOSE HABIB ENTERPRISES PEST CONTROL FOR TERMITE CONTROL

TREATMENTS?
Your home is you’re most important investment and homeowners have for decades turned,
with confidence, to Habib Enterprises Pest Control to help them tackle their termite
problems.
Considering the stakes, do not be fooled by discount termite control. If it sounds too good to
be true, it probably is. Be an informed consumer. Remember that termite activity is often
only noticed after extensive damage has been done. Make sure to ask for and thoroughly
check the treatment documentation; professional service providers will offer warranties and
Yearly inspections to assure you the peace of mind of a protected home.
While Habib Enterprises Pest Control will not be the least expensive termite control
professional, you will have the assurance of working with an honest company that
continuously strives for satisfaction and stands behind its work.
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While we offer termite control solutions to domestic and commercial clients, we also provide
for preconstruction and post-construction termite control and prevention treatment
solutions to the builders and architects. If you would like to get any kind of help, e-mail our
experts.
BED BUGS CONTROL & TREATMENT SERVICES:

Bed bugs we are providing Bed Bugs Treatment in all over the Karachi. Bed Bugs can
multiply quickly, so early detection is critical to help prevent an even larger infestation.
Our integrated protection process works to assess your home, implement solutions, and
monitor any bed bug problems you may face.
Bed Bugs Inspection:

If you have seen evidence of bed bugs or want to help protect your home against this
multiplying intruder, Habib Enterprises Pest Control will come and inspect your home. Bed
bugs are sneaky and hard to find, but our staff are trained to pinpoint evidence if they are
around. On the first visit, we will examine your entire home including the bed, furniture,
rugs, and linens. we will conduct an inspection of target areas, and if required, use tools to
check cracks and crevices. We will usually start in the bedroom and work his way through
your home, concentrating on the furniture and the areas immediately surrounding the
furniture. we will look for signs of bed bugs including:
Live bed bugs
Skins cast off during the molting process
Small spots of reddish-black fecal material
Tiny cream-colored eggs usually found in dark crevices.
Bed bugs are sneaky and hard to find, but we are trained to pinpoint evidence.
Implementation
Upon completion of the inspection and an assessment of the situation, we will recommend
the best course of action. If the inspection confirms an infestation, we will recommend a
treatment plan based on the severity of the infestation and your preferences. we will use the
best tools and science to address the causes and treat your bed bug problem in the best
way for your family, pets, and the environment. This implementation method targets bed
bugs as well as the bed bug larvae — preventing them from maturing into breeding, biting,
and potentially disease-carrying adults. we will recommend the best course of action.
Monitoring
Bed bugs never sleep, and unfortunately, they can visit any time without notice.
Professional treatments can take One to Two visits to eradicate the problem. Because
early detection is so critical, The we can come back periodically to monitor your home and
help prevent an infestation. During these visits he will also check for new pests while
making sure bed bugs have not arrived unannounced. If he sees something new or
suspicious, he will investigate. we will document your progress and any problems that
may arise to ensure the best maintenance approach for your home. we can come back
periodically to monitor your home and help prevent an infestation.
BED BUGS SPECIES

Bed bugs shouldn’t be confused with dust mites. Bed bugs are nocturnal parasitic bugs that
feed on blood from warm blooded mammals
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Dust mites are microscopic spiders that feed on shed dead skin cells. Dust mites are not
visible to the eye. Bed Bugs
Appearance
• Bed bugs are around 4 to 5 mm long.
• Oval and flattened from back to underside with thick, well-developed legs. Bed bugs do
not have wings.
• Their mouths are pointed for piercing and sucking.
• Adult bed bugs are red to brown in color.
• Eggs are whitish cream, getting darker as they hatch to larvae.
• Their shed skins are lighter brown and look like flaky exoskeletons.
Life cycle
• Bed bugs lay 200 – 500 eggs over a 2 month period in batches of 10 to 50.
• The eggs are attached to items of furniture or fittings in clusters by a transparent
substance • There are 5 stages to the life cycle from egg to fully grown adult
which can be from 6 to 10 months
• The typical life span of a bed bug is about 10 months.
• They can survive for weeks to months without feeding.
Habits
• Bedbugs feed on human blood and are attracted to body heat and CO2 from sleeping
humans
• They inject an anesthetic when they pierce the skin, so the bite can go unnoticed at first
• They are found in cracks and crevices, headboards, behind peeling wallpaper, broken
plaster, light switches, under carpets and skirting boards etc. so they are near to people
for feeding
• Bed bugs are nocturnal and start feeding soon after sunset and before dawn
• Bed bugs will feed during the day if conditions are favorable • When alarmed they
move quickly and emit an odor • We’re Not Satisfied until you’re Satisfied.
Bed bugs can be brought in from the outside at any time, so we can’t guarantee that your
home will never have bed bugs again. No credible provider can make that promise. We can
Warrantee that our customized solution will be effective for at least 90 days. If bed bugs
return to your home within 90 days of the completion of our service, we will re-treat at no
additional charge.
RATS & MICE CONTROL:

Rats and mice are very destructive and contaminate buildings. Rats and mice urinate
often, creating stains and offensive odors. A single rodent will produce about 25,000 feces
droppings in a year. They also do damage to electrical wiring by chewing off the insulation.
It is estimated that 25% of fires, of an unknown origin, are caused by rats.
Facts
Rats and mice live off man and give nothing beneficial in return. They spread disease,
damage structures and contaminate food. Rats damage one-fifth of the world’s food crop
each year. The real damage is in contamination. One pair of rats shed more than one million
body hairs each year and a single rat leaves 25,000 droppings in a year. They transmit many
diseases, including: Murine typhus fever, rat bite fever, salmonellas or bacterial food
poisoning, viral diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease, and many other diseases. Norway
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rats can also carry the rabies virus. Fleas from infected rats can also transmit the plague.
Rodent feces are the cause for the fatal Hantavirus. The Hantavirus has been found locally
in mice droppings. Rats memorize their environment by body and muscle movement alone.
When objects are removed from their territory, rats will continue to move around them as
if the objects where still there. They are highly suspicious of new items in their
environment. This is important to know when treating for rodent infestations. Successful
control depends on proper identification of the different species. Norway and roof rats
differ in size, habits, food preferences and regions. Techniques that eliminate one species
may not eliminate the other.Rats visit fewer food sites than mice. However, rats eat much
more at each site than mice.
Signs of Rat & Mice infestation
Rats and mice constantly leave droppings. Fresh droppings are dark in color and soft in
texture, but after three days they harden and lose the dark color. Rats always travel the
same runways and leave “smudge marks”, a buildup of dirt and oil from their fur; along
walls, pipes, gnawed openings, beams, and rafters. Rats keep runways free of cobwebs,
debris and dust. Outside, runways appear as narrow paths through vegetation.
Rats and mice make sounds when climbing, clawing and moving.
Footprints and tail drags can be seen in dusty locations.
Gnaw marks are a sure sign of rats and mice.
If dogs or cats unexplainably get excited, rodents are probably moving about in wall voids or
ceilings.
In some cities, the sewer rat population outnumbers the people population. In Australia, one
farmer recorded 28,000 dead mice on his porch after one night’s effort to poison them and
70,000 in a wheat field in one afternoon.
Each year, rodents cause more than one billion dollars in damage in the United States alone.
Norway rats can swim as far as 1/2 mile in open water, dive through water plumbing traps
and travel in sewer lines, even against strong water currents.
Unlike the teeth of other mammals, the front incisors of rodents never stop growing.
Rodents constantly gnaw anything softer than their teeth, including wood and aluminum
sheeting. This continuous gnawing keeps their front teeth front sharp and from growing to
long.
A rat can drop down 50 feet without injury. What’s more, rats have a 36 inch vertical jump
and a 48 inch horizontal jump. Rats can also scale rough vertical surfaces and walk along
thin ropes and wires. Roof rats are excellent climbers and can climb the outside of three
inch diameter pipes or any size pipe within three inches of a wall. Rats are capable of
climbing the inside of vertical pipes that are 1 1/2 to 4 inches in diameter.
A mouse can jump down 12 feet without injury. What’s more, mice have a 12 inch vertical
jump. Mice can also scale rough vertical surfaces and walk along thin ropes and wires.
Rats can fit through openings that are as small as ½ inch in diameter, and mice fit through
openings as small as ¼ inch
Rats begin breeding when they are 5 – 7 weeks old. Approximately 21 days after breeding,
they will have a litter of 6 – 12 pups. They breed about 5 times a year, averaging 30 – 72
pups per year.
Mice are similar in that they breed when they are 5 – 8 weeks old. They average about 7
pups per litter and breed about 8 – 10 times per year, averaging 55 – 70 pups per year.
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Control
Our fully trained and licensed personnel will do an inspection of your home/building and
determine rodent entry areas and the best method of excluding them from continuing to
enter the structure. We can provide the exclusion repair work if you desire.
We will also determine contributing factors that have attracted the rodents and suggest
methods to reduce their infestation. Some suggestions may be as simple as storing dog
food in a tamper resistant plastic container.
We will then determine the best way to eliminate interior and exterior infestations. We
provide trapping
services in the interior and tamper resistant exterior bait stations for the exteriors
Common Rat Species
There are two main types of rats that cause concern in Kenya. The Brown Rat (or common
rat) and the Black Rat. They are a common pest in both private homes and businesses.
Black Rat (Rattus rattus)
Black rats are rare in Nairobi Kenya. Their appearance is usually confined mainly to ports.
Appearance
• The black rat is between 16–24cm in length, with a tail longer than the head and body.
• It grows to between 150–200g in weight.
• They have a pointed nose, large ears and a slender body when compared to the Brown
Rat (Rattus norvegicus). Life Cycle
• Black rats produce 5–10 young per litter, and have between 3–6 litters a year.
• The gestation period is about 3 weeks.
• It only takes between 12–16 weeks from birth for them to reach sexual maturity.
Habits
• They often climb as they are incredibly agile.
• It is rare for them to burrow and they are rarely found outdoors in Kenya.
• Their preferred food is moist fruits. Black Rats will eat around 15g of food a day and
drink 15ml.
Brown Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Brown rats usually prefer ground living and burrowing, but sometimes they can be known to
climb.
Appearance
• The brown rat is up to 40 cm in length, with a tail shorter than the head and body.
• It grows up to between 350–500g in weight.
• It has a blunt nose, small ears and a thicker body when compared to the Black
Rat (Rattus rattus).
Life Cycle
• Rats have 7–8 young per litter, and between 3–6 litters a year.
• The gestation period is about 3 weeks.
• It only takes 10–12 weeks from birth to reach sexual maturity.
Habits
• The brown rat is the only species to occur in sewers in Nairobi Kenya.
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• Preferred food is cereals, although they are omnivorous.
• They will eat around 30g of food a day and drink 60m
WOOD BORER TREATMENT

Woodboring beetles most often attack dying or dead trees. In forest settings, they are
important in the turnover of trees by culling weak trees, thus allowing new growth to occur.
They are also important as primary decomposers of trees within forest systems, allowing for
the recycling of nutrients locked away in the relatively decay-resilient woody material of
trees. Though the vast majority of woodboring beetles are ecologically important and
economically benign, some species can become economic pests by attacking relatively
healthy trees (e.g. Asian longhorn beetle, emerald ash borer) or by infesting downed trees
in lumber yards. Species such as the Asian longhorn beetle and the emerald ash borer are
examples of invasive species that threaten nature forest ecosystems.
Woodboring beetles are commonly detected a few years after new construction. The lumber
supply may have contained wood infected with beetle eggs or larvae, and since beetle life
cycles can be one or more years, several years may pass before the presence of beetles
becomes noticeable. If you have an infestation of woodboring beetles, it is best to consult a
professional entomologist before contacting an exterminator. In many cases, the beetles will
be of a type that only attacks living wood, and thus incapable of “infesting” any other pieces
of wood, or doing any further damage. [citation needed] In other words, only some types of
beetles should be of concern to a homeowner or a household (see list below) [clarification needed],
and exterminators may be unable or unwilling to make this distinction.
Genuine infestations are far more likely in areas with high humidity, such as poorly
ventilated crawl spaces. Housing with central heating/air-conditioning tends to cut the
humidity of wood in the living areas to less than half of natural humidity, thus strongly
reducing the likelihood of an infestation. Infested furniture should be removed from the
house before the infestation spreads.
Methods of treatment include:
Spot application of pesticides; however, most effective insecticides are obtainable only by
certified professionals.
Freezing. Infested furniture may be wrapped in plastic and placed in walk-in freezers for
several weeks.
Fumigation.
Heat Treatment. Timber is heated to 50-70 degree Celsius for a few hours.
Some beetles invade wood used in construction and furniture making; others limit their
activity to forests or roots of living trees. The following lists some of those beetles that are
house pests.
MOSQUITOES CONTROL & TREATMENT SERVICES:

Signs of Mosquitoes
Mosquitoes and midges can make life unpleasant. Constantly having to track down that
high-pitched whine can be a pain. And when you’ve found the culprit there always seems to
be another one waiting in the wings. So why is your home or business particularly attractive
to mosquitoes and how can you be sure of mosquito identification? Mosquitoes often make
that all-too-familiar high pitched whine. Bites are an obvious giveaway, ranging from mildly
irritating to intensely inflamed with swelling. Only the female mosquito bites humans, the
Page 14 of 38
males will feed off nectar and other sweet things. The adults are attracted to standing
water including water butts, water trays from house plants and water bowls, where they lay
their eggs. You might spot them walking upside down on ceilings and glass surfaces.
Mosquitoes travel a long way so if there’s standing water within a mile of your home it may
be the source of your problems. Mosquitoes might be attracted to your lawn or shrubbery if
it is well watered.
Mosquito Species
There are many species of mosquitoes, which can be found all around the world. The female
species is responsible for the irritating bites we suffer from and these bites can also carry
fatal diseases. Read more about the lifecycles and habits of different types of mosquitoes
below.
Anopheles Mosquito (Anopheles SPP.)
The Anopheles mosquito is responsible for transmitting malaria.
Appearance
• Adult – pale and dark marks on its wings and resting 45 degree angle to the surface.
• Larval rest parallel to surface of the water.
• Egg is about 1mm long and has floats on its
sides. Life Cycle
• Egg to adult stage takes 6 – 10 days.
• Complete metamorphosis – egg, larval, pupa and adult.
Habits
• Habitat – prefer clean and unpolluted water.
• Biting rhythm – bite at night and rest indoor and outdoor (depends on species).
• Prefer darker colours.
• Female with one blood meal can lay 50 – 150 eggs.
Aedes/Dengue Mosquitoes (Aedes Aegypti)

The bites from an Aedes mosquito peak at the change of light intensity (after sunrise and
before sunset).
Appearance
• Adult has black and white markings.
• Larval rest 45 degree from the surface of the water.
• Egg is black in colour and shape like a rugby ball.
Life Cycle
Habits • Habitat – container breeder especially man-
made containers with clean water.
• Prefer darker colours like black and red.
• Can fly short distance (50 – 100m).
What is dengue ?
Dengue fever is an illness caused by the dengue virus which is spread by the Aedes
mosquito.
1. Identify an Aedes mosquitoe from other mosquitoes by the black & white stripes on
its body and legs. Because of this, it is also known as the ‘tiger mosquito.
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2. It usually bites during the day.
3. The Aedes mosquito lays its eggs in clean, stagnant water. A pool of water as small
as a twenty cent coin is all that is needed for it to breed. The mosquitoes can carry 4
different types of dengue viruses hence you can be infected with dengue fever more
than once. If you had dengue fever before and are infected again, you are more
likely to develop the more deadly and serious dengue haemorrhagic fever.
Only the female mosquitoes feed on blood, as they need the blood protein to lay their eggs.
Despite a short life span of two to three weeks, each female Aedes mosquito is able to lay
up to 300 eggs. We all know by now that the Aedes mosquito spreads the dengue virus, but
how exactly do they do it? Mosquitoes cannot transmit the dengue virus amongst
themselves, they need to first bite a person who is already infected with the dengue virus.
The infected mosquito will then carry the dengue virus and pass it onto a healthy person
when it bites him/her and causing them to fall sick. The cycle then continues with the new
victim.
Precautions:
Remove water from flowerpot plates on alternate days.
Turn over all pails and water storage containers.
Clear blockages and put in insecticide in roof gutters monthly.
Cover all toilet bowls.
Seal off the overflow pipe of the flushing cistern.
Cover all gully/floor traps.
Add sand granular insecticide to places that mosquitoes could potentially breed, such as
flower vases and places where stagnant water could not be removed.
Clear blockages and add insecticide in roof gutters.
All the waste storage containers water pits will be anti-mosquito sprayed to ensure the
removal of mosquito habitat.
Dengue active/ peak season:

March, April, May, July, August, September & October
Culex Mosquito (Culex Tritaeniorhynchus)

Culex mosquitoes are the main vector for Japanese B – Encephalitis
Appearance
• Adult – thorax, legs and veins on the wings are always covered with brown scales. Dull in
colour. The tip of the abdomen is always blunt.
• Larval rest 45 degree from the surface of the water.
• Egg is brown, long and cylindrical, vertical on water surface, cemented in a raft of 300
eggs. Raft usually 3 – 4mm long and 2 – 3mm wide.
Life Cycle
Habits
• Habitat – mainly breed in paddy field, polluted stagnant water and drains.
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• Biting rhythm – bite at night and usually rest indoor before and after the blood meal.
Sometimes they may rest outdoor.
• Prefer darker colours.
• Long distance fliers.
Biting Midge (Culicoides impunctatus)

Appearance
• Small flying insect.
• Adult midges are about 1.5 – 4.0mm long.
Life Cycle
• Lifespan of 20 to 30 days.
• Hatched from eggs.
• Egg batches contain between 30-100 eggs.
• 1 to 2 day larvae stage.
Habits
• Lives in bog land, near lakes and ponds, marshland, rivers and streams and general
wetlands.
• Feeds on blood.
• Tendency to swarm.
• Found in upland and lowland areas especially in the north west of Scotland from late
spring to late summer.
• Most active at dusk and dawn.
Dark Winged Fungus Gnat (Family Sciaridae)

The Dark Winged Fungus Gnat can cause damage to the root of plants.
Appearance
• Adult – 5 – 7mm. Grey/black bodies.
• Larvae up to 5.5 mm long. White, shiny black heads and
transparent. Life Cycle
• Females lay up between 100 and 300 eggs, which hatch in 4 to 6 days.
• The larvae feed for 12 to 14 days.
• The pupal stage lasts about 6 days.
• Adults live about 7 to 10 days
COCKROACHES CONTROL INSPECTION & TREATMENT SERVICES:

Cockroach belong to Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Arthropoda, Class Insecta and Order
Blattaria. Some species invade human dwellings and are considered pests. Others are
beneficial to the environment as important recyclers of decaying organic material. The pest
cockroaches can be carriers of various diseases because they are commonly found near
waste deposits or in the kitchen, where food is present.
Restaurants may also experience cockroach infestations.
Cockroaches emit unpleasant odors and may also produce sound. The Madagascar hissing
cockroach is the most famous of these vocal cockroaches, although more common species
may produce quieter clicking or chirping noises
Signs of cockroaches
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It is often easier to spot signs of a cockroach in Nairobi Kenya than the actual insect pest.
Cockroaches are most active during the night. During the day they prefer to stay hidden in
cracks and crevices, coming out to feed mostly at night time.
Cockroaches are attracted to all types of food available in your home. They will eat
anything from foods, paper, packaging, plastics and fabrics to animal matter (i.e. hamster
and rabbit droppings.) If you suspect a problem in your home or business there are some
simple ways to tell if you have cockroaches.
Cockroach Infestation Signs

Some common signs can help to identify a possible cockroach infestation.
Unusual smell – An established cockroach infestation produces a lingering and unpleasant
odour that taints items they contact.
Cockroach droppings – If little water is available cockroaches will produce brown/black
cylindrical droppings, approx. 2mm long.
Smear marks – If water is abundant cockroaches will produce brown and irregular shaped
smear marks. Check for marks on horizontal surfaces and at wall-floor junctions where
cockroaches scuttle.
shed skin – Cockroaches shed ‘cast nymphal ‘skins 5-8 times as they mature to adults.
These are usually found close to where they are sheltering. Check bathrooms, kitchens and
laundry rooms – German cockroaches need warmth and humidity so are likely to be found in
and around bathrooms, laundry rooms and kitchen areas. They are also good climbers,
scaling smooth surfaces like glass & polished metal with ease; due to sticky pads on their
feet.
Check your basement – Oriental cockroaches can cope with cooler, damp conditions and are
more common scuttling about in basements or drains. If conditions are tolerable they can
survive outside in areas such as rubbish tips. They are not as agile as German cockroaches,
but can climb a surface such as rough brickwork.
Common Cockroach Species

There are over 3000 different species of cockroaches – some are considered pests while
others are beneficial in their natural environment. Pest cockroaches can be carriers of
various diseases and the German cockroach, Oriental cockroach, American cockroach and
Brown banded cockroach species are common to the UK. Spotted a cockroach scurrying
across the kitchen? Learn to identify between cockroach species to address an infestation
more effectively:
German cockroaches (Blatella germanica)
Appearance
Notorious for their world-wide distribution, German cockroaches are easily identifiable by
2 dark stripes across their thorax. Adults grow to approximately 12 – 15mm in length.
Habitat
Most commonly found indoors, German cockroaches prefer wet, humid conditions and are
typically found within the home in areas such as kitchens and bathrooms.
Oriental cockroaches (Blatta orientalis)
Appearance
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A uniform dark brown or black in colour, adult Oriental cockroaches are approximately
20 – 30mm in length. Habitat
Highly adapted for surviving in the natural environment, Oriental cockroaches thrive in
cool, damp areas such as basements, drains and openings beneath porches. Known for
their preference for feeding on garbage and decay, these insects can most commonly be
found in rubbish tips and leaf litters. American cockroaches (Periplaneta Americana)
Appearance
One of the largest pest cockroaches to invade homes, adult American cockroaches are
approximately 20 – 30mm in length and a red-brown in colour.
Habitat
Also known as the ‘Palmetto bug’ because they live on trees, the American cockroach
prefers dark, humid and undisturbed areas and can be found in basements, kitchens and
bathrooms of homes. Brown Banded cockroaches (Supella longipalpa)
Appearance
One of the smallest pest cockroaches, brown banded adult cockroaches are approximately
10 – 15mm in length and characterized by yellow-brown stripes across their abdomen.
Habitat
Brown banded cockroaches mostly stay on ground, but may fly in very warm climates. Their
preference for warm, humid environments leads them to harbourages within heated
buildings – ceilings, attics, inside and around appliance motors. Primarily active at night,
these opportunistic feeders particularly enjoy materials with high starch contents. It is often
easier to spot signs of a cockroach problem than the actual insect pest. Cockroaches are
most active during the night. During the day they prefer to stay hidden in cracks and
crevices, coming out to feed mostly at night time. Cockroaches are attracted to all types of
food available in your home. They will eat anything from foods, paper, packaging, plastics
and fabrics to animal matter (i.e. hamster and rabbit droppings.)
If you suspect a problem in your home or business there are some simple ways to tell if
have cockroaches.
Crawling Insects
Crawling insects, such as cockroaches, carry a range of serious illnesses including
salmonella, dysentery, gastro-enteritis and typhoid. The risks of contracting an illness are
particularly high in homes with more susceptible people such as children, the elderly or
those fighting existing illnesses. cockroach droppings have also been linked with increases in
eczema and asthma. Whilst the distress and irritation caused by fleas or bed bug bites is
also very worrying.
Follow the links below to learn about identifying what insects could be crawling about your
home and how to minimise the likelihood of such pests entering your home in the future.
Also discover how Rentokil DIY pest control products can help you, or learn about our
professional home pest control solutions. Cockroaches
Bedbugs
Fleas
Other Creepy Crawlies
Ants
Page 19 of 38
Spiders
REPTILES / LIZARDS FUMIGATION

Reptile:
Reptile is the common name for one of the main groups of land vertebrates. It is not used
so much by biologists, who use more accurate terms.
Reptiles are a group (Reptilia) of tetrapod animals comprising today’s turtles, crocodilians,
snakes, lizards, tuatara, and their extinct relatives. The study of these traditional reptile
groups, historically combined with that of modern amphibians, is called herpetology.
Because crocodilians are more closely related to birds than to any other group of reptiles,
birds are also often included as a sub-group of reptiles by modern scientists.
The earliest known proto-reptiles originated around 315 million years ago during the
Carboniferous period, having evolved from advanced reptiliomorph tetrapods that became
increasingly adapted to life on dry land. Some early examples include the lizard-like
Hylonomus and Casineria. In addition to the living reptiles, there are many diverse groups
that are now extinct, in some cases due to mass extinction events.
In particular, the K–Pg extinction wiped out the pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, ornithischians, and
sauropods, as well as many species oftheropods (e.g. tyrannosaurs and dromaeosaurids),
crocodyliforms, and squamates (e.g. mosasaurids).
Modern reptiles inhabit every continent with the exception of Antarctica. Several living
subgroups are recognized:
Testudines (turtles, terrapins and tortoises): approximately 400 species
Sphenodontia (tuatara from New Zealand): 2 species
Squamata (lizards, snakes, and worm lizards): over 9,600 species
Crocodilia (crocodiles, gavials, caimans, and alligators): 25 species
Because some reptiles are more closely related to birds than they are to other reptiles
(crocodiles are more closely related to birds than they are to lizards), many modern
scientists prefer to make Reptilia a monophyletic grouping and so also include the birds,
which today contain over 10,000 species.
Reptiles are tetrapod vertebrates, creatures that either have four limbs or, like snakes, are
descended from four-limbed ancestors. Unlike amphibians, reptiles do not have an aquatic
larval stage. Most reptiles are oviparous, although several species of squamates are
viviparous, as were some extinct aquatic clades — the fetus develops within the mother,
contained in a placenta rather than an eggshell. As amniotes, reptile eggs are surrounded by
membranes for protection and transport, which adapt them to reproduction on dry land.
Many of the viviparous species feed their fetuses through various forms of placenta
analogous to those of mammals, with some providing initial care for their hatchlings. Extant
reptiles range in size from a tiny gecko, Sphaerodactylus ariasae, which can grow up to 17
mm (0.7 in) to the saltwater crocodile, Crocodylus porosus, which may reach 6 m (19.7 ft)
in length and weigh over 1,000 kg (2,200 lb).
Details of Chemicals being used for Pest Control Services
Insecticide Chemical Spraying:
1. Within the Built up Area : Treatment will including spraying of malathion 50% EC,
cypermythrin 25% EC, DDVP 76% in aqueous base in 0.75% concentration along the
wall and floor junction up to 2ft height and cracks, crevices along the floor & walls.
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2. Along the External peripheries : Treatment will spraying with malathion 50% EC,
Lindane 20% EC, DDVP 76%, in aqueous base in 0.75% concentration along the wall &
floor junction up to 2ft height.
Dusting of insecticides powder:
Chemical to be used : Fenvalrate 0.4 % D.T M.P. 2% D.T. / Lindane 4% Dust / Malathion
5%Dust etc.
Larvicidal Insecticide Spraying:
Chemical to be used : Abate 50% EC or MLO / Baytex 1000.
Rodent Control :
Ratenticide tray should be kept at every 5 mtr. distance in the premises & outside torpedo
treatment should be carried out. Bromidiolone 0.005% RB# (Rodenticide cack) and torpedo
treatment to rats burrows and other IS mechanism if required to make the premises rodent
free.
Fogging:
Fogging Treatment is carried out for control of various flying insects and chiggers including
but not limited to house flies, squids and mosquitoes. The treatment involves fogging in the
open spaces primarily for Mosquitoes Control. Frequency of services depends on level of
infestation and surrounding area. Its an awesome tool for pest control in the open areas.
Fogging service is ideal for poultry farms, bung lows, party lawns, housing society, farm
houses, schools, industries, restaurants etc. Get in touch with us for any fogging related
needs because we know the doses and chemical handling, the ill effects on your farm and
about the safety of your pets after it.
In the regions where there are no party spaces are left with in the crowded city areas,
people rent out party lawns outside, and preparing these party lawns to make them ready
for guests including kids involves fogging activity because it ensures that there are no
harmful bugs and flies in the evening to spoil the party.
Fogging along the inside rooms of the block and required locations.
Chemical to be used: Pyrethrum 2% Ext. / Malathion 95 % ULV/Delta Mathrine 1.25% ULV
in oil base emulation.
Mosquitoes Treatment:
Spraying of public health insecticides for control of Intelligent Mosquitoes (Anopheles, culex,
& Aedes) causes Malaria, Filarisis, Japanese encephalitis, Dengue fever, yellow fever & other
viral disease (with aqueous or required solvent) will be done with hand sprayer pump on the
indoor surface of walls, crevices, cracks, junction of wall & floor Chemical to be used: DASH
(Alphacypermethrine 5% WP) mfg by MEGHAMANI Organic limited or sentry powder
(Lambda Cyhalothrin 10% WP) mfg by RALLIS & TATA enterprises.
GUIDELINES FOR FUMIGATION SERVICES:
To achieve fumigation results with a high safety profile you are hereby directed to strictly
follow the laid down procedure.
A Fumigation Management Plan is an organized, written description of the required steps
involved to help ensure a safe, legal, and effective fumigation. It will also assist you and
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others in complying with .The guidance that follows is designed to help assist you in
addressing all the necessary factors involved in preparing for and fumigating a site.
This guidance is intended to help you organize any fumigation that you might perform prior
to actual treatment. The whole process consists of three phases:
A. The pre fumigation preparation
B. The fumigation Process
C. The post fumigation cleaning
A. The pre fumigation preparation

1. Put off fire Alarm, A/SC, and exhaust fans.
2. Remove the all eatables things table cloth, all cutlery, crockery, jugs,
glasses, tea cups, etc.
3. Remove all preparation material from the kitchen & miss.
4. All Kitchen cabinets are emptied and drawers taken out.
5. The phase “A” must be completed before Starting the fumigation job, the
whole area to be jointly inspected by his authorized person and the
fumigation personal if satisfied both will.
B. The fumigation Process
Fumigation people will take charge of the area for 3 hours for the fumigation job.
C. The post fumigation cleaning
1. The area repetitive will come back after 3 hours to do the following.
2. Put on all A/C, Exhaust fans.
3. Reverse all actions taken in phase one i-e replace everything to its normal
position through cleaning.
4. All kitchen appliances like ovens, bread cutter should be cleaned with
wet cloth.
Fumigation of Residences, Offices and Covered Areas;
It should be done on similar lines, like securing, medicines, eatables, bed sheets, pillow
covers, towels, clothes before fumigation & replacing them after the job.
Fumigation of Recreation Buildings;
Secure Tea, Glasses, tea, coffee, sugar, and milk before the job & replace them after the
fumigation. The job has been done as directed.
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Risk Assessment
Activities Type of Type of Hazards Harm Risk Pre Remarks
Labor Tools to Probability Required
Body Control
part
1. Spraying Skilled Knap sack 1. contact Head- Low Hard hat Material
with pesticides alllabor with (back 1,2,3,4 safety
furniture s/ the ability mounted equipment
Fixtures to handle sprayer) Eye-1 has been
2. Medium Goggles
the used like
Inhalation
chemicals UTV coverall,
2. Thermal and tools. goggles
(Ultra Low Nose &
Fogging of all Dust safety boots
closed areas for
Volume mouth Low and hard
Thermal 3. Mask
deep disinfection. 2,3 hats. All the
fogger) Ingestion Skin- chemical
1,4 Low used are
Chemicals Coverall common
4. Cut Agriculture
Hands- pesticides
1,4 Low Gloves used on
Rubber crops
Feet- vegetables,
1,4 etc. and
Low
Safety are all food
Shoes grades.
Pest Management Equipment’s List

Item Working Condition:
Code Name of Equipment Satisfactory
FM 01 KNAP SPRAYER – 1 Yes / No
FM 05 ULV-THERMAL FOGGER-01 Yes / No
FM 06 ULV-THERMAL FOGGER-02 Yes / No
FM 07 BAG CONTAINING-CHEMICALS Yes / No
FM 08 MSDS-CHEMICALS Yes / No
FM 09 JERRY CAN FOR FUEL Yes / No
FM 10 FIRST AID BOX Yes / No
FM 11 FIRE EXTINGUISHER Yes / No
FM 12 TOOL BOX Yes / No
FM 13 VEHICLE Yes / No
HERBICIDE TREATMENT
Standard Operating Procedures have been identified to reduce adverse effects to
environmental and human resources by the herbicide treatment. The list is not all
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encompassing, but is designed to give an overview of practices that would be considered
when designing and implementing a herbicide treatment. A site-specific determination is
made that their application is necessary to achieve their intended purpose or protection, to
provide the appropriate environmental protections.
General
• Prepare an operational and spill contingency plan in advance of treatment.
• Conduct a pretreatment survey before applying herbicides.
• Manual-directed standard operating procedures and other standing direction may be
referred to as best management practices in resource management and other plans,
particularly when they apply to water.
• Select the herbicide that is least damaging to the environment while providing the
desired results.
• Select herbicide products carefully to minimize additional impacts from degradates,
adjuvants, other ingredients, and tank mixtures.
• Apply the least amount of herbicide needed to achieve the desired result.
• Follow herbicide product label for use and storage.
• Have trained applicators to apply herbicides, under the direct supervision of
contractor
• Use only approved herbicides and follow product label directions and “advisory”
statements.
• Review, the “Environmental Hazards” section on the herbicide product label.
This section warns of known herbicide risks to the environment and provides
practical ways to avoid harm to organisms or to the environment.
• Consider surrounding land use before spraying as a treatment method and avoid
spraying near agricultural or densely populated areas.
• Minimize the size of application area, when feasible.
• Post treated areas and specify reentry or rest times, if appropriate.
• Notify adjacent landowners prior to treatment, if appropriate.
• Keep a copy of Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) at work sites.
• Keep records of each application, including the active ingredient,
formulation, application rate, date, time, and location.
• Avoid accidental direct spray and spill conditions to minimize risks to resources.
• Avoid spraying during periods of adverse weather conditions (rain imminent, fog, or
air turbulence, snow).
• Consider site characteristics, environmental conditions, and application equipment in
order to minimize damage to non-target vegetation.
• Consider the effects of wind, humidity, temperature inversions, and heavy rainfall
on herbicide effectiveness and risks
• Select proper application equipment.
• Select proper application methods (e.g., set maximum spray heights, use appropriate
distances between spray sites and non-target resources).
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• Minimize treatments in areas where herbicide runoff is likely, such as steep slopes
when heavy rainfall is expected.
• Consider climate, soil type, slope, and vegetation type when developing
herbicide treatment programs.
• Select herbicide products to minimize impacts to water. This is especially important
for application scenarios that involve risk from active ingredients in a particular
herbicide, as predicted by risk assessments.
• Use local historical weather data to choose the month of treatment.
• Conduct mixing and loading operations in an area where an accidental spill would
not contaminate an aquatic body.
• Do not rinse spray tanks in or near water bodies.
• Whenever possible and whenever needed, schedule treatments when livestock are
not present in the treatment area.
• As directed by the herbicide product label, remove livestock from treatment sites
prior to herbicide application, where applicable.
• Where possible, to reduce the probability of contamination of non-target food and
water sources.
• Notify permittees of the herbicide treatment project to improve coordination and
avoid potential conflicts and safety concerns during implementation of the
treatment.
Human Health and Safety

• Use protective equipment as directed by the herbicide product label.
• Post treated areas with appropriate signs at common public access areas.
• Observe restricted entry intervals specified by the herbicide product label.
• Store herbicides in secure, herbicide-approved storage.
• Have a copy of MSDS at work site.
• Notify local emergency personnel of proposed treatments.
• Contain and clean up spills and request help as needed.
• Secure containers during transport.
• Follow label directions for use and storage
• Dispose of unwanted herbicides promptly and correctly.
COMPLETE MANAGEMENT OF SNAKE CONTROL SERVICES
We suggest the following line of action:
A. Application: Application of snake control chemicals:-

i. Around all physical structures such as buildings, containers, sports arena,
mess kitchen, offices, toilets, and other structures.
ii. All along the fence (linear application).
Please note that applying the chemical all along the fence only, will have limited
efficacy, because snake would be able to enter and stay within the fence, if it enters
the premises accidentally through other routes such as on board of any vehicle or
equipment. But with the application of these chemicals all around the physical
structures, the snake’s further movement/advancement will be effectively checked,
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due to the multiple chemical barriers.
B. Monitoring: It is absolutely necessary to monitor all snake control measures like:
i. Proper chemical application at all Pre determined places and its continuous
replenishment/ maintenance
ii. Inspection/evaluation of the area/ground close to and all along the areas
where the chemical was applied to detect any snake activity like “spiral shaped
snake movement trail/marks” (when a snake moves on the ground it leaves
behind such trail /marks.) Similarly snakes shed “snake’s skin”. Therefore a by
monthly monitoring is absolutely necessary for these snake control measures to
be effective.
C. Conclusion: For an effective snake control management service the following points
are needed to be manifested.
a. Multiple chemical barriers as demonstrated below in the sketch are
necessary for effective snake control.
b. An intensive by monthly monitoring of all areas is required in order to
(a) Identify and plug any breach in the chemical barrier
(b) Identify any snake activity and to take immediate remedial measures.
SNAKE REPELLANT / CHEMICAL TREATMENT

HABIB ENTERPRISES USES A MIXTURE OF CHEMICALS THAT HAS BEEN PROVEN TO BE
ABSOLUTELY SAFE AND IS USED WORLD WIDE;
Here's How It Works: The Jacobson's organ in snakes is used with the tongue to
sense its environment. The snake flicks out its tongue and picks up the scent of vapor
molecules. When the snake pulls in its tongue, the vapor molecules are transferred to
the odor-sensitive Jacobson's organ.
Active Ingredients:
Napthalene..................................7.0%
Sulfur..........................................28.0%
STUDY OF SNAKE-A-WAY PRODUCT
Snake-A-Way is the world's only EPA approved, university tested, patented snake repellent.
It has been proven effective against both poisonous and non-poisonous snakes. When used
and applied as directed it is safe to human, animal and plant life. It has been universally
approved and endorsed by naturalist, conservationist and ecologists.
Natural History Magazine 4/95 Vol. 104, no. 4

THE SERPENTS TONGUE by Kurt Schwenk
Aside from the other senses, the most important and exquisitely sensitive mode of the
snake is the Jacobson's organ. In a world textured with chemical clues, the snakes’ primary
guide is its tongue. Recent studies have demonstrated that the snake is always utilizing its
forked tongue to determine much about its surroundings. "Tongue flicking delivers chemical
particles into the mouth that makes its way up through palate openings and into the
Jacobson's organ, stimulating sensory cells." It is similar to smell but different and distinct."
Like paired eyes or ears, that a snake does not possess, a snake’s forked tongue delivers a
Page 26 of 38
form of stereo smell. It gives the snake the ability to sense the presence of their enemies or
prey. Temperature, humidity, acidity levels and prey detection are just a few of the
examples of the ability inherent in this unique sensory receptor.
Behavioral tests involved: (1) a two way choice situation within a Y-shaped enclosure (Y)
test, and (2) the use of space within a circular enclosure in which one quarter of the area
was bounded by a strip of repellent (circle test). Snake-A-Way is shown to repel snakes with
efficacy that varies from 100% to 17% in the different taxa. The nine venomous species
tested (particularly rattlesnakes) exhibited consistently high avoidance of the repellent, with
the exception of cottonmouth. The other snakes showed high avoidance of repellent, except
for rat snakes. Some individuals of all species demonstrated overt avoidance of repellent.
Collectively 83% of all snakes tested avoided the strips of repellent used in the Y tests. Data
for three species of snakes subjected to circle tests corroborate the findings from the Y
tests. Thus, Snake-A-Way appears to be potent repellent, however, snakes of all species
may cross the repellent in unusual circumstances. These circumstances are probably rare in
nature, however, and use of Snake-A-Way can be expected to reduce occurrence of snakes
in "protected" areas. Effectiveness tests were conducted by Dr. Harvey Lilywhite, Professor
of Reptology, and University of Florida. Dr. Lilywhite is internationally recognized as one of
the world's leading research reported. Over ten years of independent research and follow up
tests were also conducted by Dr. T's Nature Products, Inc. The effectiveness of the repellent
is demonstrated by the following experiments performed with various species and the
product has been found to have a rate of efficacy that varies from 17% to 100% depending
on the individual species.
87.5% Agkistrodon contortirix, copperhead

21% Agkistrodon piscivorus, water moccasin
75% Coluber constrictor, black racer
91% Crotalus adamanteus, eastern diamondback rattle
91% Crotalus atrox, western diamondback rattlesnake
91% Crotalus, horridus, timber rattlesnake
91% Crotalus, lepidus, rock rattlesnake
91% Crotalus, ruber, red diamond rattlesnake
91% Crotalus, viridis, pacific rattlesnake
17% Elphe guttata, corn or red rat snake
47% Elaphe obsoleta, yellow rat snake
100% Heterodon platyrhinos, eastern hognose snake
100% Micrurus fulvivus, eastern hognose snake
50% Python fulvivus, eastern coral snake
100% Thamnophis marcianus, checkered garter snake
In as much as the normal behavior of snakes is to move slowly in a deliberate and
investigatory manner, the experiments were devised to test the snakes responses to the
repellent in as near to normal conditions as possible. The granules should be spread in a
strip 10-30 centimeters wide, although generally the wider the strip the better. In this
manner, an odor barrier is provided that snakes are reluctant to cross. Additionally, a
smaller amount of the product may be scattered in a diffuse or non-continuous manner just
beyond the strip, on the side away from the area to be protected. This serves to lessen
snakes wandering beyond the strip. After 2 1/2 months, a group of 16 snakes was again re-
Page 27 of 38
tested. In this test the branches of the Y were reversed so that the repellent strip was at
the branch opposite from that in the previous tests. Moreover, the repellent used was five
weeks old (i.e., it had been on the ground, outside, but protected from heavy rainfall). Test
were conducted as described from the primary test above. Eleven snakes exhibited overt
avoidance of the moving across the repellent strip while rubbing the head against the
ground, seemingly attempting to escape from the repellent. Two of the snakes which
crossed the repellent exhibited avoidance behavior first, eventually moving across the
repellent strip while rubbing the head against the ground, seemingly attempting to escape
from the repellent. Repelled snakes showed no hesitation to enter the opposite (being)
branch of the Y.
The principle conclusions from this study are as follows: 1) Snake-A-Way repels snakes. 2)
The efficacy of the repellent varies with taxon. 3) Circumstances in which individual snakes
of all species tested will cross a strip of repellent, so the product cannot be regarded as an
absolute barrier to these reptiles, 4) Use of the product can be expected to reduce
significantly the occurrence of snakes within areas that are "protected" by recommended
use of the product. Copperheads were strongly repelled by Snake-A-Way, while the related
cottonmouths were not. This result is interesting insofar as cottonmouths inhabit swamps
and readily feed on carrion. It is possible that the sulfurous smell of the repellent is normally
encountered by the latter species, either in parts of its natural habitat or during carrion
feeding, or both.
GUIDANCE FOR SNAKE CATCHING

INTRODUCTION
Snake bite is an inherent hazard in open areas. We have already put adequate controls to
prevent the snake bite risks. The desired area must be fenced with the corrugated sheets,
snake repellant, chemical spray, proper dirt filling, well illuminated area and inspections to
identify the unsafe locations are some of the controls. Frequent group communication
meetings should be conducted to raise the awareness; especially to clients staff.
This summary providing the guidance for the safe snake catching practices as if in spite of
all above mentioned controls.
SNAKE CATCHING PROCEDURE
• Anybody on sighting a snake will call to Habib Enterprises. Do not try to catch the
snake by himself as he is not trained.
• Trained worker with the snake catcher reaches to the site.
• Worker should be accompanied by a ‘stand by man’ with a stick.
• Trained worker should wear appropriate PPE’s (long shoes, rubber gloves,
safety glass etc).
• Worker would carry mobile phone along with him (if available).
• In the night he should carry a hand held flash light.
• Never try to intercept the snake while you are facing from the front side,
always catch it from the back side.
• Catch the snake with the help of snake catcher.
• Don’t try to crush the snake by using the shoes, it is deadly dangerous.
• Never handle a snake even if it looks dead or seems harmless.
• A truly dead snake, reflex action can cause the jaws to open and close.
• After eliminating the hazard; dispose it off safely.
Page 28 of 38
CATS & DOGS EXTERMINATION SERVICES:
The cats and dogs are catches in a cage. The beef placed in the cage and its door opened till
a cat or dog comes in, when they entered the cage door drops and then a cat & dog easily
transported to far distance location and free.
This entire activity is performed by the expert fumigator who has earlier experienced to
perform the cats & dogs extermination.
CATCHING/HANDLING OF STRAY DOGS & CATS:

If a Dog or Cat is victim to attacking / biting to human beings and other animals and is
declared dangerous for the surrounding environment, then we are applied to them chemical
(Sodium Acetate) treatment. The chemical mixed with the piece of meat and given to eat.
The killed dog/cat properly transported and buried in the designated land filled area.
Guidelines on Occupational Safety and Health for Pest Control

Operation:
Table of Contents:
1. Introduction
2. Safety and Health Hazards that Pest Control Operators are exposed to
1. Pesticide poisoning
1.1 Routes of entry of pesticides into body
1.2 Symptoms of poisoning
1.3 Safe practice in using pesticides
2. Other safety and health hazards
2.1 Contraction of infectious diseases
2.2 Pest attack
2.3 Adverse working environment
2.4 Manual handling operations
2.5 Fire and explosion
3. Procedure to the Use of Pesticide
4. Details of applying and classification of pest control chemicals
1. INTRODUCTION
This set of guidelines, designed for pest control workers, aims to enhance their awareness of
safety and health hazards at work and advises them on precautionary measures so as to
prevent any accidental poisoning or harm to health.
Pest control workers often have to apply pesticides in places like godowns, factories, food
premises, offices, household units, parks etc. In the course of their work, they may be
exposed to various safety and health hazards arising from:
• Inhalation of pesticides
• Contraction of diseases
• Pest attack
• Adverse working environment
• Dangerous manual handling operation
Page 29 of 38
• Fire and explosion
2. SAFETY AND HEALTH HAZARDS THAT PEST CONTROL OPERATORS ARE
EXPOSED TO
1. Pesticide poisoning
Those pesticides as used by pest control workers are substances for repelling, killing or
preventing pests. They destroy pests by restraining their central nervous system or
circulatory system, or damaging their major organs. Therefore, pesticides are normally
harmful to humans and animals alike.
Exposure to excessive pesticides may lead to acute poisoning, chronic poisoning or allergic
reactions. Pesticides which cause irritation or corrosion can damage the eyes and skin
directly.
1.1 Routes of entry of pesticides into body
• Workers can be exposed to pesticides in three ways:
• Dermal exposure
• Oral exposure
• Inhalation exposure
1.1.1 Dermal exposure
Pesticides may be absorbed through intact or broken skin. Therefore, one should:
• avoid coming into direct skin contact with pesticides
• not wear clothing contaminated with pesticides
• avoid exposure to pesticide droplets or vapors
1.1.2 Oral exposure
Pesticides can enter the body through the digestive system. Thus,
• after coming into contact with pesticides, one should not drink, eat or smoke until
having cleaned their hands and faces
• pesticide containers should be clearly labelled to avoid accidental swallowing
of pesticides
• one should avoid contamination of food by pesticides
1.1.3 Inhalation exposure
Volatile or aerosol pesticides can enter the body through the respiratory system. Therefore,
one should:
• maintain good ventilation
• use protective respirators properly
• prevent pesticides from spreading through the ventilation system
1.2 Symptoms of poisoning
Symptoms depend on the toxicity of the pesticide as well as dose and mode of intake.
Common symptoms include:
• headache, giddiness, nervousness
• a feeling of general numbness
• diarrhea, vomiting
• contraction of eye pupils
• excessive sweating, tearing, saliva secretion Severe cases may include the following
symptoms:
• irregular heart beat
• breathing difficulty
• convulsion
Page 30 of 38
• confusion
• coma
1.3 Safe practice in using pesticides
1.3.1 Risk assessment
Unnecessarily using pesticides may increase the hazards to humans, animals and the
environment. Consider other effective pest control measures before resorting to the use of
pesticide. If no alternative is practicable, avoid causing damage to the environment or
hazards to human and animal health when using pesticides.
Points to note when conducting risk assessment on the use of pesticides:
• The pesticide is permitted by law for the intended purpose.
• The user has adequate safety training.
• Adequate safety measures have been put in place.
• The pesticide can be used at the place and time planned for its application.
• The pesticide poses least risk to humans, animals and the environment.
1.3.2 Precautionary and control measures Selecting pesticides
• The pesticides must have been clearly labelled in accordance with the law.
• Select the pesticides with least harmful effect on humans, animals and the
environment.
Storing pesticides
• Do not store pesticides together with food, drinks or feed.
• Keep pesticides out of reach of children.
• Lock the room or cabinet keeping pesticides. Only designated personnel can keep
the key.
• Those pesticides which are listed as dangerous goods must be stored in
dangerous goods store if the storage amount exceeds the exemption level.
• Check the store regularly and keep the storage record.
• Undiluted pesticides should be handled by designated personnel only.
Transporting pesticides
• Transport pesticides with safe containers.
• Take care when transporting pesticides to avoid spillage.
• Pesticides as well as any equipment or protective gear contaminated with pesticides
must be kept separately with other articles to avoid contamination.
Diluting and preparing pesticides
• Check all equipment and tools to ensure that they are in good working conditions. If
there are any cracks or defects, stop using them and arrange replacement or repair.
• Read carefully the user's guide and the label of the pesticide for understanding
thoroughly the safe use of the pesticide.
• Wear appropriate protective gear such as working clothes, PVC aprons, goggles,
gloves, protective respirators etc.
• Dilute or prepare the pesticide accurately in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions. Prepare the pesticide in a well-ventilated location where no other people
is unnecessarily present.
• Stay upwind and take care during work to avoid spillage or leakage of the pesticide.
• Thoroughly clean the working tools, working tables and floor surfaces on completion
of the procedures.
Page 31 of 38
Application of pesticide
Inform all those who may be affected by the application of pesticide of the work
arrangements and the safety measures to be taken.
• Ask everyone except the pest control workers to leave the scene.
• Remove food, utensils, crockery and pets before applying the pesticide.
• Switch off the air conditioners and cover up the ventilation openings.
• Extinguish all kindling materials.
• Wear appropriate protective gear such as working clothes, PVC aprons, goggles,
gloves, protective respirators etc.
• Strictly adhere to the operational safety guidelines and the instructions on the
label of the pesticide for application.
• Select the appropriate nozzle and adjust spray pressure accurately to avoid "over-
spray" of pesticide.
• Avoid applying the pesticide to the area indiscriminately.
• Do not apply pesticide in liquid or powder formulation outdoors under strong wind.
After application of pesticide
• Clean up spills of pesticide.
• Clear up the unused pesticide and all the equipment.
• Fill in the record on application of pesticide.
• Advise the venue users on the safety measures for using a pesticide-treated venue.
For instance, users should not return to the venue until it has been ventilated for a
period of time.
• Wash your hands, face and skin that may be contaminated by pesticide with
water and soap.
• Clean the equipment thoroughly after returning to the office.
Disposal of pesticide containers and unused pesticides

• Pesticide containers except those containing compressed aerosol pesticides should be
rinsed several times with water and punctured or crushed before disposal to make
them unfit for further use that may result in accidental poisoning.
• The pesticide waste should be handled in accordance with the Waste
Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulation to avoid damaging the local
ecology.
Personal protection
• As a supplement to inadequate preventive measures, personal protective equipment
is the last defense against using pesticides. The equipment serves to protect your
skin, eyes, personal clothing from contamination by the pesticide and to prevent
inhalation of the same. Working clothes, PVC aprons, masks or hats, goggles, gloves,
protective respirators etc. are the commonly used personal protective equipment
against pesticide hazards.
• To provide effective protection for the workers, choose the appropriate personal
protective equipment with reference to the information provided by the
manufacturers and suppliers. The workers should also know the correct way of using
and maintaining the equipment. Cracked or damaged equipment should be replaced.
• The pesticides should be stored separately from the personal protective equipment
and other articles to avoid contamination.
Page 32 of 38
• Wash the personal protective equipment immediately after use. Working clothes
should be washed every day with soap or washing powder and separately from
ordinary clothing.
Personal hygiene
• Do not drink, eat or smoke when handling pesticides.
• Do not touch the face and skin with contaminated hands or gloves.
• Wash your hands and face with water and soap immediately after using pesticides.
First aid
• First aid is merely a temporary measure to relieve the symptoms of the victim who
should be taken to the hospital as soon as possible. The label of the pesticide
should be brought along to the hospital for the doctor's reference.
• Follow the directions of the manufacturer or supplier of the pesticide when
giving first aid.
2. Other safety and health hazards
2.1 Contraction of infectious diseases
Frequent visits to pest-infested places to perform their work render pest control workers
more susceptible to pest-borne diseases. The excrement and urine from rodents and the
excrement from fleas often carry viruses, bacteria as well as pathogens such as rickettsia.
Inhalation of dirt and dust containing flea and rodent excrement or exposure of wounds to
such dirt and dust can cause illnesses. Flea, tick and mosquito bites also spread diseases.
Pest-borne diseases include Hantan Fever, Murine Typhus, Boutonniere Fever, Leptospirosis,
Malaria and Dengue Fever, etc.
Precautionary and control measures
• Disinfestation of fleas should be carried out, if practicable, prior to any anti-rodent
work.
• Apply flea or mosquito repellent on clothing or exposed skin as necessary.
• Avoid as far as possible direct skin contact with anything that may contain
pathogens,
e.g. the bodies and excrement of pests and soiled water.
• Wounds should be covered with water-proof sterilized dressing.
• Wear long-sleeved clothing and put on personal protective equipment such as plastic
gloves, boots, aprons, protective respirators, etc.
• Strictly observe personal hygiene.
2.2 Pest attack
In the course of disinfestation, pest control workers are prone to being bitten by rodents and
mosquitoes, or stung by wasps.
Attack by rodents - use long pliers to fetch rodents caught.
Attack by wasps - cover your whole body by wearing thick long-sleeved overalls, gloves and
beekeeper's veil. People not taking part in the operation should stay away from the site
under disinfestation or remain indoors.
Attack by mosquitoes - apply mosquito repellent on the skin.
2.3 Adverse working environment

Pest control workers often have to work in places of adverse environment. They have to
Page 33 of 38
work, for example, in slippery kitchens, damp back lanes, dingy and poorly ventilated
godowns, workplaces full of odds and ends, and construction sites with uneven ground
surface, etc. Working in these adverse environments increases the chance of workers
getting hurt by slipping, bumping and spraining themselves, and contracting infectious
diseases.
Before commencing work at a new site, the supervisor should assess the working
environment in the first instance to see if there would be any safety or health hazards posed
to the workers. He/She should then take appropriate measures to reduce the hazards, and
inform the workers of those hazards and the arrangements made, e.g.
• arranging additional lighting
• removing objects which cause obstruction to work
• providing the workers with and ensuring that they would put on suitable
personal protective equipment, such as safety shoes and protective respirators
2.4 Manual handling operations
As pest control workers often have to carry a lot of equipment and pesticides to work in
different places throughout the territory, it is inevitable that they frequently need to lift
heavy objects. Workers' attention should therefore be drawn to the fact that they are liable
to sustaining physical injury if the ways they adopt in manual handling operations are
improper. Risk factors contributing to greater chances of workers sustaining injury may
include the following examples:
• lifting objects with a poor posture, e.g. bending the body or twisting the back
• using force in a rapid manner
• making certain movements over a long period of time or repeating the
same movements many times
• moving an object which is too heavy or with a smooth surface
• inadequate physical strength of the worker
• uneven, slippery or irregular ground surface and narrow space
Before commencing a manual handling operation, assessment should be made to take into
account all risk factors. Appropriate precautionary measures should be taken and the
workers should be duly informed.
The precautionary measures may include:
• using suitable containers to carry the equipment and pesticides
• using handcarts
• lifting heavy objects by more than one worker
• lifting heavy objects with a correct posture
2.5 Fire and explosion
Many pesticides need to be diluted with such inflammable liquids as petrol or kerosene, so
they carry the risk of fire or explosion. Compressed aerosol pesticides in canned form also
contain inflammable liquids and have the same kind of risk.
• Pesticides should not be stored under strong sunlight or high temperature.
• Smoking and the use of naked flame should be prohibited in the storage area and
the place where pesticides are being applied.
• Never spray pesticides onto places where the temperature is high, a flame is
Page 34 of 38
burning, or an electrical appliance is operating.
• Be always equipped with suitable fire-extinguishers.
• Keep the means of escape clear and know the route well.
3. PROCEDURE THE USE OF PESTICIDE
1. Occupational Safety and Health
1.1 Employer's Responsibility
The employer is responsible for ensuring the safety and health of his employees. He/She
should adopt proper precautionary and control measures according to the actual need. The
measures include:
• assessing safety and health hazards arising from work
• formulating safety working procedures and guidelines
• providing safety training and instructions to employees
• providing tools and personal protective equipment that are in compliance with
the safety standards
• conducting regular inspection and maintenance of all tools and personal
protective equipment
• monitoring employees on compliance with the safety regulations
1.2 Employee's Responsibility
The employee has the responsibility to cooperate with his employer in adhering to the safety
working procedures as laid down by the latter and using all tools and personal protective
equipment in the correct way, in order to protect the safety and health of his own self and
the others.
Chemical Classification / Pesticides / Formulations (Abbreviations) / Specialties

and
Scope of Application / Health Implications
1. Organophosphates: Chlorpyrifos / Emulsifiable concentrate (EC) /Capsule

(CS) Mainly prevent and kill such pests as cockroaches, mosquitoes and flies. Some
chlorpyrifos formulations can prevent termites. It may enter the human body via the
esophagus, airway and skin, reaching various organs and tissues. Degradable quickly
inside the human body, it is excreted mainly through the kidney and partially
through defecation. There will be no obvious accumulation inside the body.
Toxication mainly affects the normal transmission of nerve cells, resulting in neurotic
disorder.
2. DDVP: Emulsifiable concentrate (EC)

Can be used as contact or stomach poison. As the fumigation and penetration powers are
much stronger, it is a powerful pesticide which can be used as an indoor fumigant to kill
pests like mosquitoes, flies, fleas and cockroaches.
3. Carbamates: Propoxur / Emulsifiable concentrate (EC)

Can be used as contact or stomach poison or fumigant. It is used mainly to control and
eliminate urban pests such as cockroaches. Similar to organophosphorus, it mainly affects
the normal transmission of nerve signals.
Page 35 of 38
4. Bendiocarb: Wettable powder (WP)
Functions as a contact and stomach poison against most winged and crawling insects which
are urban pest.
5. Synthetic-pyrethroids / Permethrin: Emulsifiable concentrate (EC) /

Aqueous solution (AS)
Used in the control of pests harmful to public health, industries and timber. It may enter the
human body through the esophagus, airway and mucous membrane. If it goes into the
blood via oral or nasal passage, the whole body (especially the internal organs such as the
nervous system, liver and kidney) will be affected. In addition to feeling burnt, itchy and
numb, mucous membrane in contact with the pesticide will also cause the nose to run and
sneeze and even lead to contact dermatitis and allergic dermatitis.
6. Deltamethrin: Emulsifiable concentrate (EC) / Suspension concentrate (SC)
Used in the control of pests such as cockroaches, mosquitoes and flies that threaten
public health and stored products.
7. Bifenthrin: Emulsifiable concentrate (EC)
Effect is long lasting. The formulations currently available on the market are mainly for the
control of timber pests such as termites and beetles. It can also be used to control public
health pests in general.
8. Cypermethrin: Emulsifiable concentrate (EC)
Used in the prevention of public health and stored product pests such as cockroaches,
mosquitoes and flies. Some Cypermethrin formulations can control termites and wood-
boring insects.
9. Alpha-Cypermethrin: Suspension concentrate (SC)
Wettable powder (WP)
10. Hydrazone / Hydramethylnon: Gel (GE) /Bait (RB)
Functions as a stomach poison. The formulations currently available on the market are
mainly for control of cockroaches and ants. It may enter the human body via the esophagus.
Degradable quickly inside the body, it is excreted mainly through excrements and urination.
There will be no obvious accumulation inside the body. It is not a irritant to the skin.
11. Phenylpyrazoles / Fipronil: Emulsifiable concentrate (EC) / Gel (GE)
A stomach and contact poison. The gel is mainly used to control cockroaches. The
emulsifiable concentrates currently available are mainly for the control of termites. It may
enter the human body via the esophagus and skin, affecting the normal nerve signal
transmission. It is, however, not a irritant to the skin. The pesticide is excreted from the
body mainly through excrements as it can be degraded much quicker inside the body.
12. Inorganic / Boric Acid: Gel (GE)
Functions as a stomach poison. The formulations currently available on the market are
mainly for the prevention of cockroaches. Massive accumulation of boric acid in organs such
as brain, liver and kidney weakens the body immunity, resulting in cerebral aedema as well
as liver and kidney damage.
13. Anticoagulant / Bromadiolone: Bait (RB)
Used in the elimination of rodents. It may damage the normal blood clotting mechanism and
the percolation of blood capillary. Walls of the blood vessels will become fragile, resulting in
vascular hemorrhage.
14. Brodifacoum / Block bait: Bait (RB)
15. Coumatetralyl: Dustable powder (DP) Grain bait (AB)
Page 36 of 38

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Fumigation Management Guidelines

1. Types of Pest Control Services 3

4. Pest Free Food Zone Program 4

5. Pests Expel Program 4

6. No Space Pest Program 4

7. Residential Pest Control Service 5

8. Finding Synergy between Pest Management Professionals 5

10. Adopting IPM Program 6

11. Engaging the Habib Enterprises Pest Control Services 6

12. Anti-Termite Treatment 7

13. Bed Bugs Control & Treatment Services: 9

14. Rats & Mice Control 11

15. Wood Borer Treatment 13

16. Mosquitoes Control & Treatment Services 14

17. What Is Dengue 15

18. Cockroaches Control Inspection & Treatment Services 17

19. Reptiles / Lizards Fumigation 19

21. Guidelines For Fumigation Services 21

23. Pest Management Equipment’s List 22

24. Herbicide Treatment 23

26. Guidance For Snake Catching 27

27. Cats & Dogs Extermination Services 28

Call us today for an inspection and estimate to keep your Premises

PESTS EXPEL PROGRAM

Habib Enterprises Pest Control Services’ Pest Control Program:

NO SPACE PEST PROGRAM

As a prelude to starting any program, HE Pest Control Services’ experienced professionals

RESIDENTIAL PEST CONTROL SERVICE

FINDING SYNERGY BETWEEN PEST MANAGEMENT PROFESSIONALS

SECURING ENTRY POINTS

DENYING FOOD TO PESTS

ADOPTING IPM PROGRAM

MONITORING EFFECTIVENESS, CHANGING METHODS

Engaging the Habib Enterprises Pest Control Services

ANTI TERMITE TREATMENT

HOW DO YOU KNOW IF YOU HAVE TERMITES?

TERMITE CONTROL TREATMENTS – GET RID OF TERMITES

WHY CHOOSE HABIB ENTERPRISES PEST CONTROL FOR TERMITE CONTROL

BED BUGS CONTROL & TREATMENT SERVICES:

Bed Bugs Inspection:

BED BUGS SPECIES

RATS & MICE CONTROL:

WOOD BORER TREATMENT

MOSQUITOES CONTROL & TREATMENT SERVICES:

Aedes/Dengue Mosquitoes (Aedes Aegypti)

Dengue active/ peak season:

Culex Mosquito (Culex Tritaeniorhynchus)

Biting Midge (Culicoides impunctatus)

Dark Winged Fungus Gnat (Family Sciaridae)

COCKROACHES CONTROL INSPECTION & TREATMENT SERVICES:

Cockroach Infestation Signs

Common Cockroach Species

REPTILES / LIZARDS FUMIGATION

A. The pre fumigation preparation

Pest Management Equipment’s List

Human Health and Safety

COMPLETE MANAGEMENT OF SNAKE CONTROL SERVICES

We suggest the following line of action:

A. Application: Application of snake control chemicals:-

SNAKE REPELLANT / CHEMICAL TREATMENT

Natural History Magazine 4/95 Vol. 104, no. 4

87.5% Agkistrodon contortirix, copperhead

GUIDANCE FOR SNAKE CATCHING

CATCHING/HANDLING OF STRAY DOGS & CATS: