Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MANAGEMENT GUIDE
FOR APPLE ORCHARDS
IN KASHMIR (2024)
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Index
Important instructions 8
Oils/Insecticide/Acaricides 12-13
Evaluated and Recommended
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1
Management guide for Apple orchards under normal weather conditions* of Kashmir(2024)
Spray Phenological Fertilizer dosage Cultural / Management Insecticide/ Acaricide/ Oil per Fungicide
stage practices 100 litres of water per 100 litres of water
Delayed • Ensure proper training • Horticultural Mineral Oil
I Dormancy and pruning (2 Litres)
• Ensure orchard • Do not spray HMO beyond
X sanitation green tip stage X
• Ensure proper • Spray HMO when night
drainage in orchards temperature is above 40C
• Staking of newly consecutively for 4 days
planted fruit trees
• Apply • Staking of newly Mancozeb 75WP 300g or
II Green Tip recommended planted fruit trees Captan** 50 WP 300g or
dose of well • Ensure proper Propineb 70 WP 300g or
decomposed drainage in orchards X Zineb 75 WP 300g or
FYM and • Ensure proper orchard Metiram 70 WG 300 g
fertilizers (1/3rd sanitation “When the green tip emerges, apply
dose of Urea, full the recommended fungicide before the
dose of DAP and onset of rainfall”
½ dose of MOP)
as per age of tree
• In case of rainfed
conditions
apply full dose
of DAP and
MOP as a single
application and
½ dose urea.
Need Based (7 days after Green tip)
III Tight cluster SKUAST-K will issue advisory regarding
any spray required at this stage
Mancozeb 75WP 300g or
X Captan 50 WP 300g or
Propineb 70 WP 300g or
Zineb 75 WP 300g or
Metiram 70 WG 300 g
IV Pink Bud • Foliar application • Introduce 3-4 bee Need Based for Insects: 7-10 days after Tight cluster stage
of Boron (1-1.5g/ hives per hectare for Zineb (68%) + Hexaconazole (5%)
litre) effective pollination at a. If HMO spray is missed: 100g
5-10 percent bloom Apply Dimethoate 30 EC or
• Irrigate orchards, if (100 ml) Metiram(55%) +Pyraclostrobin (5%)
necessary b. For Blossom Thrips: 60 WG (100g ) or
• De-weeding of tree When 2 or more thrips per Dodine 65 WP 60g or
basins & mowing of flower are observed spray Dodine 40 SC 90 ml or
orchard floor Thiacloprid 21.7 SC (40 ml) Tebuconazole (6.7%) + Captan (26.9%)
33.6 SC (250 ml) or
c. For Leaf Roller: Tebuconazole 38.9% SC (40ml)
when 1-2 larvae per flower or
cluster are observed spray Chlorothalonil40%+Difenaconazole
Thiacloprid 21.7 SC (40 ml) 4% 44 SC (18ml)
V Need based
Flowering (7-10 days after Pink Bud stage)
SKUAST-K will issues advisory
regarding any spray if required at this
X X stage
Mancozeb 75WP 300g or
Captan 50 WP 300g or
Propineb 70 WP 300g or
Zineb 75 WP 300g or
Metiram 70 WG 300 g
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• Need Based • Mulching should Need Based for Insects: When 60-70 per cent petal fall occurs
VI Petal fall be done, wherever Dimethoate 30 EC (100ml) Difenaconazole 25EC (30ml)
• Foliar application needed or or
of Boron (1-1.5g/ Quinalphos 25 EC (100ml) Flusilazole 40EC (20ml)
litre) if not done or or
at pink bud stage Neem oil (1500 ppm) @ 300ml Penconazole 10EC (50ml)
followed by Lecanicillium Fluxapyroxad 75g/l+ Difenaconazole
lecanii 1.15% WP (1x108 CFU/ 50g/l SC (30 ml)
gm) @ 500 gm or Metarhizium or
anisopliae*** 1.0% WP (1x108 Trifloxystrobin(25%) + Tebuconazole
CFU/gm) @ 500 gm after a (50%) 75 WG (40g )
gap of 4 days or
Fluopyram 17.7% +
Need Based for Mites: Tebuconazole 17.7% 400SC (50ml)
Apply acaricide when 4-5 mites
per leaf are observed
Hexythiazox 5.45EC (40ml)
or
Spiromesifen 22.9SC(40ml)
or
Fenazaquin 10EC (40 ml)
or
Cyenopyrafen 30 SC (30 ml)
• Thinning of fruit in For Insects: 10-14 days after petal fall spray
VII Fruit let case of heavy fruit set Chlorpyriphos 20 EC (100 ml) Zineb (68%) + Hexaconazole (5%)
(Pea size) either manually or by or 100g or
use of chemicals (NAA Dimethoate 30 EC (100 ml) Dodine 65 WP 60g or
@5-10 ppm at 10-12 or Dodine 40 SC 90 ml or
mm fruit size) Thiacloprid 21.7 SC (40 ml) Fluxapyroxad 250g/l +
• White washing of Pyraclostrobin 250g/l 500 SC (20ml)
fruit tree trunks (1kg Mass trapping of fruit borer by or
Lime + 300 g Copper Pheromone baited traps@ 20 Tebuconazole (6.7%) + Captan (26.9%)
sulphate + 250g Glue traps/ ha. 33.6 SC (250 ml) or
in 10 liters of water) Pyraclostrobin 12.8% + Boscalid 25.2%
• Mulching of tree Need Based for Mites: WG (30g) or
basins for weed/ Apply acaricide when more than Tebuconazole 38.9% SC (40ml)
moisture management 5 mites per leaf are observed
• Irrigate orchards as Hexythiazox 5.45 EC (40 ml)
per requirement or
Spiromesifen 22.9 SC (40 ml)
• Application of • De-weeding of tree Need Based for Insects: 10-14 days after fruit let spray
VIII Fruit second dose of basins & mowing of Chlorpyriphos 20 EC (100 ml) Mancozeb 75WP 300g or
Development-I fertilizers (1/3 orchard floor or Captan 50 WP 300g or
of Urea and • Irrigate orchards as Quinalphos 25 EC (100 ml) Propineb 70 WP 300g or
remaining ½ per requirement or Zineb 75 WP 300g or
dose of MOP) as Neem oil (1500 ppm) @ 300ml Ziram 80 WP 200g or
per age of tree followed by Lecanicillium Metiram 70 WG 300 g
• Foliar spray of lecanii 1.15% WP (1x108 CFU/
calcium chloride gm) @ 500 gm after a gap of
@3-4g/litre 4 days
• In case of rainfed
conditions apply Need Based for Mites:
remaining ½ When population is more than
dose urea. 10 mites per leaf apply
Hexythiazox 5.45 EC (40 ml)
or
Spiromesifen 22.9 SC (40 ml)
IX • Irrigate orchards as 12-15 days after F.D I spray
Fruit per requirement For Insects: Difenaconazole 25EC (30ml) or
Development -II Dimethoate 30 EC (100 ml) Flusilazole - 40EC (20ml) or
or Penconazole 10EC (50ml) or
Chlorpyriphos 20 EC (100 ml) Trifloxystrobin + Tebuconazole 75 WG
or (40g) or
Quinalphos 25 EC (100 ml) Fluopyram 17.7% + Tebuconazole 17.7%
• De-weeding of tree or 400SC (50ml) or
basins & mowing of Thiacloprid 21.7 SC (40 ml) Fluxapyroxad 250g/l + Pyraclostrobin
orchard floor 250g/l 500 SC (20ml) or
Change lures and liners for Fluxapyroxad 75g/l+ Difenaconazole
already installed Pheromone 50g/l SC (30 ml)
traps or
Chlorothalonil 40%+ Difenaconazole
For Mites: 4% 44 SC (18ml)
Hexythiazox 5.45 EC (40 ml)
or
Fenazaquin 10 EC (40 ml)
or
Spiromesifen 22.9 SC (40 ml)
or
Propargite 42% + Hexythiazox
2% EC (100 ml)
Summer Spray Oil (750 ml)
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• Apply remaining • De- weeding around Need Based for Insects: 12-15 days after F. D II spray
X Fruit 1/3 of Urea the tree basin Chlorpyriphos 20 EC (100 ml) Mancozeb 75 W 300g or
Development-III • Second spray of • Irrigate orchards as or Zineb 75 WP 300g or
calcium chloride per requirement Dimethoate 30 EC (100 ml) Ziram 80 WP 200g or
@3-4 g /litre of • Staking of heavy fruit or Ziram 27SC 600ml or
water. laden branches Quinalphos 25 EC (100 ml) Chlorothalonil 75WP 150g
• Leaf tissue testing or
• Need Based: for next year fertilizer Thiacloprid 21.7 SC (40 ml)
• Ist foliar spray management or
of Potassium Neem oil (1500 ppm) @ 300ml
sulphate @ 4-5 followed by Lecanicillium lecanii
g/litre for colour 1.15% WP (1x108 CFU/gm) @
development 500 gm
or
Metarhizium anisopliae* 1.0%
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WP (1x10 CFU/gm) @ 500 gm
after a gap of 4 days
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XIII Harvesting Follow maturity indices as
under:
1. Starch index test (0-
6.0 scale)
X • For CA Storage - 2.5 X
• For table purpose - 3.5
2. Ease of separation of
the fruit from spur
3. Fruit skin colour
>75%Red (variety
specific)
4. TSS: 12 to 140 Brix
5. Pressure :16-18lb /
square inch
6. Seed colour > 75%
dark brown
XIV Post- harvest • Foliar application • Orchard sanitation Need Based for Insects:
of chelated Zinc • Soil testing for nutrient Chlorpyriphos 20 EC (100 ml)
@ 1 ml/ litre of management Need Based for Mites:
water.(Need Based, • Staking of branches to If Population is more than 20
depending on the prevent snow damage mites per leaf apply
deficiency) • Tightening of trellis Fenazaquin 10 EC (40 ml)
• Foliar application of in HDP Or
Urea one month after • Closing of anti-hail net Propargite 42% + Hexythiazox
harvest @2-3 %. 2% EC (100 ml)
• (In case of mid
season varieties, Essential Spray: Quinalphos 25
spray urea during EC (100 ml) in areas where apple
1st to 2nd week of blotch leaf miner is a problem
October)
XV Dormancy Canopy management:
• Training and pruning
of orchards as per
recommendations
X Orchard sanitation X
• Ensure orchard
sanitation for effective
disease and pest
management
*Caution: For location specific decisions and under abnormal weather conditions, contact concerned Horticulture Development Officers/ KVK scientists/Directorate of Extension / Scientists of
Division of Pathology and Entomology, SKUAST-Kashmir for advice
**Maintain a Minimum gap of 10 days between Oil Spray & Captan 50 WP.
***Bio agent should not be sprayed in areas where sericulture is practiced by the farm
Important instructions:
A) Do’s:
• Purchase pesticides only from registered dealer(s) having valid license.
• Check Batch No., Registration No., Manufacture /Expiry Date on the labels.
• Always purchase with proper bill or invoice.
• Storage place should be well protected from direct sunlight or rain.
• Read instructions on pesticide container label carefully before use.
• Always use clean water for making pesticide suspension as per requirement.
• Use protective clothing viz., hand gloves, face masks, aprons, etc. to cover whole body.
• Always protect your nose, eyes, ears, hands etc. from spill of spray suspension.
• Use recommended dose of pesticides.
• Select right kind of equipment for spraying.
• Spray pesticide during morning or evening hours.
• Agitate spray suspension continuously while spraying.
B) Don’ts:
• Don’t use muddy or stagnant water for preparing pesticide suspension.
• Don’t prepare or spray pesticides without wearing protective clothing.
• Avoid spilling of pesticide suspensions while filling or spraying.
• Don’t use over or sub lethal dose of pesticide.
• Don’t spray pesticides during full bloom period unless advised otherwise.
• Don’t spray during day time when temperature is high.
• Don’t mix various pesticides.
• Don’t eat, drink, chew or smoke during spraying or preparing pesticide suspension.
• Don’t transfer pesticide from original to other container.
• Don’t use leaky or defective equipment.
• Don’t blow / clean clogged nozzles with mouth.
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Annexure-I
Pesticide Formulations Evaluated and Recommended (2024)
(A) Fungicide
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Contaf (5 EC) M/s Rallis India Ltd.
Mainex (5 EC) M/s Adama India Pvt. Ltd.
Hexaconazole Krizole (5 EC) M/s Krishi Rasayan Exports Pvt.
8 Ltd.
Sitara (5 EC) M/s Indofil Industries Ltd.
Hexahit (5 EC) M/s Hindustan Pulverizing Mills
Titan (5 EC) M/s Sudarshan Chemical Ltd.
Envil (5 EC) M/s FIL Industries Ltd.
Indofil M-45 (75 WP) M/s Indofil Industries Ltd.
Dithane M-45 M/s Dow Agro Science Mumbai
(75 WP) Ltd
Mancozeb Hindustan M-45 M/s Hindustan Pulverizing Mills
9 (75 WP) Ltd
Macoban (75 WP) M/s Adama India Pvt. Ltd.
Luzem – 45 (75 WP) M/s Cheminova India Ltd.
Kohinoor M-45 M/s FIL Industries Ltd.
(75 WP)
Mount (75 WP) M/s Bharat Insecticides Ltd.
Tata M-45 M/s Rallis India Limited
10 Metiram Polyram (70 WG) M/s BASF India Ltd.
11 Metiram 55% + Cabrio Top M/s BASF India Ltd.
Pyraclostrobin 5% (60 WG)
Clutch (60 WG) M/s P.I Industries
Grapple (10 WP) M/s FIL Industries Ltd.
Boon (10 WP) M/s Indofil Industries Ltd.
Nagarjuna Index (10 M/s NACL Ind. Ltd.
Myclobutanil WP)
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Antracol (70 WP) M/s Bayer Crop Science Ltd.
Proximan (70WP) M/s Adama India Pvt. Ltd
Scale (70 WP) M/s Krishi Rasayan Exports Pvt.
Propineb Ltd.
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Filprostar (70WP) M/s FIL Industries Ltd.
Sway (70 WP) M/s Cheminova India Ltd.
Jannat (70 WP) M/s Jain Shree Rasayan Udoyog
Ltd.
Sanipeb (70WP) M/s P.I Industries
15 Pyraclostrobin 12.8% Visma M/s P.I Industries
+ Boscalid 25.2% WG
16 Tebuconazole 38.9% Buonos M/s Bayer Crop Science Ltd.
SC
17 Trifloxystrobin 25% +
Tebuconcazole 50% Nativo (75 WG) M/s Bayer Crop Science Ltd.
Tebuconcazole 6.7% + Shamir (33.6SC) M/s Adama India Pvt. Ltd.
18 Captan (26.9%)
Cuman-L (27 W/V) M/s Syngenta India Ltd.
Zed-78 (80 WP) M/s FIL Industries Ltd.
Ziram
IPL Ziram -80 (80WP) M/s India Pesticide Ltd.
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Oils/Insecticides/AcaricidesEvaluatedandRecommended(2024)
WP: Wettable Powder; EC: Emulsifiable Concentrate; SC: Solution Concentrate; SL: Sprayable Liquid;
WG: Water Dispersible Granules.
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Disclaimer:
• The molecules have been evaluated by SKUAST-K for bio-efficacy against
apple diseases and pests, and the advisory/ information has been
compiled for guidance and not for legal purposes.
• Use and sale of the products recommended in the schedule are subject to
production of registration and label claim from CIB & RC, Govt. of India to
be ascertained by Plant Protection officer / Directorate of Law Enforcement
Department of Jammu & Kashmir.
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DIFFERENT PHENOLOGICAL STAGES
CONTRIBUTORS
DIVISION OF PLANT PATHOLOGY AND ASSOCIATED UNITS
Dr. Shaheen K. Jan (Prof. & Head)
Dr. Mushtaq Ahmad Bhat (Associate Professor)
Dr. Zahoor Ahmad (Associate Professor)
Dr. Tariq Rasool (Associate Professor)
RCRQA
Dr. Mehraj u Din Shah (Head RCRQA)
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Sher-e-Kashmir
University of Agricultural Sciences
& Technology of Kashmir
Main Campus, Shalimar, Srinagar Kashmir (J&K) India-190 025
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