Asmaa elmoez

20200988

Assignment 4

1)When circuit switching is used, what is the maximum number

of users that can be supported?
Circuit switching is typically used in scenarios where
continuous, uninterrupted communication is required,
such as:
-Voice Calls
-Video Conferencing
-Dedicated Data Transfer:
8 is the maximum number of users that can be supported
using circuit switching

2) Suppose packet switching is used. If there are 11 packet-

switching users, can these many users be supported under
circuit-switching? Yes or No.

-No

3) Suppose packet switching is used. What is the probability that

a given (specific) user is transmitting, and the remaining users are
not transmitting?
q as the probability that a specific user is not
transmitting (q=1−p).
If there are N users in the network, including the specific
user in question, and assuming each user's transmission
behavior is independent:
p×qN−1
If we substitute (q=1−p) into the equation, we get:
p(1−p)N−1

4) Suppose packet switching is used. What is the probability that

one user (any one among the 11 users) is transmitting, and the
remaining users are not transmitting? Suppose packet switching
is used. What is the probability that one user (any one among the
11 users) is transmitting, and the remaining users are not
transmitting?

The probability that all users are not transmitting

is qN.Therefore, the probability that at least one user is
transmitting is 1−qN
Given that there are 11 users (N=11), we can calculate
this probability:
Probability=1−(1−p)11
approximately 0.000488 or 0.0488%

5) When one user is transmitting, what fraction of the link

capacity will be used by this user? Write your answer as a
decimal?
the fraction of the link capacity used by one user when
transmitting is which as a decimal is approximately
0.0909.

6) What is the probability that any 3 users (of the total 11 users)
are transmitting, and the remaining users are not transmitting?

The probability P of any 3 users transmitting and the

remaining not transmitting is:
p=Number of successful outcomes
/Total number of outcomes
p = (11/3)×1 / (113)×1
p = (11/3) / (11/3)
p=1

7) What is the probability that more than 6 users are

transmitting?

n=11 (total number of users)

k is the number of users transmitting (7, 8, 9, 10, or 11)
p=0.5 (probability of a single user transmitting, assuming
equal probability for each user)
Using the binomial probability formula:
P(X=k)=(n/k)(p^k )(1−p)^n−k
P(7)=(711)×(0.5)7×(1−0.5)11−7 => P(7)=2.578125
P(8)=(811)×(0.5)8×(1−0.5)11−8 => P(8)=0.64453125
P(9)=(911)×(0.5)9×(1−0.5)11−9 => P(9)=0.02734375
P(10)=(1011)×(0.5)10×(1−0.5)11−10 =>
P(10)=0.005859375
P(11)=(1111)×(0.5)11×(1−0.5)11−11 =>
P(11)=0.00048828125
P(more than 6 transmitting)=P(7)+P(8)+P(9)+P(10)+P(1
1)
p(more than 6 transmitting)=2.578125+0.64453125+0.0
2734375+0.005859375+0.00048828125p(more than 6 tr
ansmitting)≈3.25634765625P(more than 6 transmitting)
≈3.25634765625