Assignment (3)

Mohamed Tarek Mohamed

20190428
CES

What is the Cell, the Cluster?

Ans

cell is a fundamental building block of a cellular network. It defines a geographical area covered by a base sta�on
(also known as a cell tower).

A cluster refers to a group of interconnected cells within a specific geographical area.

2. What is the frequency reuse principle?

Ans

Frequency reuse is a scheme where radio channels or frequency sub-bands are allocated and reused across a
coverage region.

3. Which is beter, a low reuse factor or a high reuse factor? Explain your answer.

Ans

Q = D / R (when Q increases  R decreases)

So, The choice between low and high reuse factors depends on

• the specific network requirements,

• popula�on density,
• available spectrum.

4. Draw a cell patern with a N of 3 & N of 4 & N of 7.

Ans

When N=3:

2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
3 3 3 3 3
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
3 3 3 3
 Assignment (3)
Mohamed Tarek Mohamed
20190428
CES

N= 4
2
2 1 4
2 1 4 3 2
1 4 3 2 1 4
3 2 1 4 3
1 4 3 2
2 3 2 1 4
1 4 1 4 3
3 3

N=7

2
1 3 2
7 1 3 2
6 4 7 1 3 2
2 5 6 4 7 1 3
3 2 5 6 4 7
1 3 2 5 6 4
4 7 1 3 2 5
6 4 7 1 3
5 6 4 7
5 6 4
5
 Assignment (3)
Mohamed Tarek Mohamed
20190428
CES

5. If a total of 33MHz of bandwidth is allocated to a par�cular FDD cellular telephone system which uses two
25kHz simplex channels to provide full duplex voice and control channels, If 1 MHz of the allocated spectrum is
dedicated to control channels, compute the number of voice channels available per cell if a system uses:

N=4. N=7. N=12.

• Bandwidth = 33 MHz
• Channels “simplex (one direc�on)” = 25 KHz
• For full duplex “voice & control channels”= 2 * simplex = 2 * 25 = 50 KHz
• Total bandwidth= 33 MHz

1 MHz  control channel & Need num of voice channels if

N= 4 , 7 , 12

Part 1: Num of available channels = (33*103 )/50 = 660 channels

• If N=4: Num of each cell = 660/4= 165 channels

• If N=7: Num of each cell = 660/7= 95 channels
• If N=12: Num of each cell = 660/12= 55 channels

Part 2: I need to know 1 MHz = ?? channels

• Num of channels = (1*103 )/50= 20 channels

• So available channels = 660 – 20 = 640

Theore�cal prac�cal
If N=4: 1 control cell
20/4=5 control cell
640/4 = 160 voice cell 160 voice cells
If N=7: 1 control cell
20/7=2.8 control cell
• 1 cell  3 control cells
• 6 cells  2 control cells 5 cells  91 voice cells
2 cells  92 voice cells
640/7 = 91.4 voice cell
• 5 cells 91 voice cells
• 2 cells 92 voice cells

If N=12: 1 control cell

20/12=1.6 control cell

4 cells  53 voice cells
• 5 cell  1 control cell 8 cells  54 voice cells
• 7 cells  2 control cells

640/12 = 53.3 voice cell

• 4 cells 53 voice cells
• 8 cells 54 voice cells
 Assignment (3)
Mohamed Tarek Mohamed
20190428
CES

6. What is the handoff (handover)?

Ans

Handoff refers to the process by which an ongoing communica�on session (such as a call or data transfer) is smoothly
transferred from one cell (base sta�on) to another as a mobile device moves within a cellular network.

It ensures con�nuity of service and minimizes disrup�ons during transi�ons between cells.
 Assignment (3)
Mohamed Tarek Mohamed
20190428
CES