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exponent
5 3
base
53 means 3 factors of 5 or 5 x 5 x 5
The Laws of Exponents:
#1: Exponential form: The exponent of a power indicates
how many times the base multiplies itself.
x x x
n
x
x x x x
n times
n factors of x
Example: 5 5 5 5
3
#2: Multiplying Powers: If you are multiplying Powers
with the same base, KEEP the BASE & ADD the EXPONENTS!
mn
x x x
m n
22
Powers, you
subtract the 16
exponents!
Try these:
1.(3 ) (3 ) =
2 2
2.(5 ) (5 ) =
2 4
3.(a ) (a ) =
5 2
4.(2s ) (4s ) =
2 7
5.(-3) (-3) =
2 3
6.(s t ) (s t ) =
2 4 7 3
SOLUTIONS
2 2
1. 3 3 3 3 81
2 2 4
2 4
2. 5 5 5
2 4
5 = 15 625
6
5 2
3. a a a
5 2
a 7
2 7
4. 2 s 4 s 2 4 s
2 7
8s 9
23
5. (3) (3) (3)
2 3
(3) 243
5
6. s t s t
2 4 7 3
s 2 7 43
t s t
9 7
Try these:
SOLUTIONS
12
s s 12 4
s 8
7. 4
s
9
3 3 9 5
3 4
81
8. 5
3
12 8
s t s 12 4 8 4
t s 8 4
t
9. 4 4
st
5 8
36a b 36 4 a 5 4 85
b 9 ab 3
10. 4 5
4a b
#4: Power of a Power: If you are raising a Power
to an exponent, you multiply the exponents!
x
n
m
x mn
So, when I
take a Power
to a power, I
multiply the (5 ) 5
3 2 3 2
5 5
exponents
#5: Product Law of Exponents: If the product of
the bases is powered by the same exponent, then the
result is a multiplication of individual factors of the
product, each powered by the given exponent.
xy
n
x y n n
all factors of
the product.
#6: Quotient Law of Exponents: If the quotient of the
bases is powered by the same exponent, then the result is both
numerator and denominator , each powered by the given exponent.
n
x x n
n
y y
So, when I take a
Power of a
Quotient, I apply 4 4
the exponent to 2 2 16
all parts of the 4
quotient. 3 3 81
SOLUTIONS
1. 3 2 5
310
= 59, 049
2. a 3 4
a12
3. 2a 2 3
2 a
3 23
8a 6
2
4. 2 a b 5 3 2
2 22 a 52b 32 2 4 a10b 6 16a10b 6
5. (3a ) 3 a
2 22
2 2
9a 4
6. s t
2 4 3 23 43
s t s t
6 12
Try these:
SOLUTIONS
5 5
s s
7. 5
t t
2
3 9
8. 5 34
3
2
3 8
= 6 561
2
st 8
st 4 2
s 2 8
t
9. 4 2
rt
r r
2
36a b
5 8
10 4 5
4a b
9ab 3 2
9 a b
2 2 32
81a b
2 6
#7: Negative Law of Exponents: If the base is powered
by the negative exponent, then the base becomes reciprocal with the
positive exponent.
m 1
So, when I have a
x m
Negative Exponent, I x
switch the base to its
reciprocal with a
Positive Exponent.
Ha Ha! 3 1 1
5 3
If the base with the 5 125
negative exponent is in and
the denominator, it
moves to the 1
3 2
9
numerator to lose its 3 2
negative sign!
#8: Zero Law of Exponents: Any base powered by zero
exponent equals one.
x 1
0
So zero 50 1
factors of a
and
base equals 1.
That makes a0 1
sense! Every and
power has a (5a ) 0 1
coefficient
of 1.
(y2)(y-4) =
(s-2)(4s7)
SOLUTIONS
1. 2a b 1
2
0
(y2)(y-4) =
1
3. a 5 1
5
a
(s 2 )(4s7)7
-2
4. s 4 s 4s 5
5. 3 x y 3 x y 81y12
8
2 3 4 4 8 12 x
6. s t2 4 0
1
SOLUTIONS
1 1
2 2 4 x
7. x 4
x
9 2
3
8. 5 3
4 2
3
1
8
3 8
3
2
s t
2 2
2 2 2
9. 4 4 s t s t
4 4
s t 2 10
36a 5 b
10. 4 5 9 2
a 2
b10
2
81 a
4a b