Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Experiment2 Penting F5
Experiment2 Penting F5
1. PROBLEM STATEMENT :
What is the relationship between the TSA/V ratio and the movement of solutes
to the interior of an object?
Apakah hubungan antara nisbah JLP/I dengan pergerakan bahan terlarut ke
dalam sesuatu objek?
2. HYPOTHESIS :
The smaller the TSA/V ratio, the lesser the movement of solutes to the interior
of an object.
Semakin berkurang nisbah JLP/I, semakin berkurang kadar pergerakan bahan
terlarut ke dalam sesuatu objek.
3. VARIABLES :
Manipulated variable :
Size of object
Saiz objek
Responding variable :
The percentage of coloured areas
Peratusan kawasan yang berwarna
Constant variable :
Temperature//concentration of coloured water//volume of coloured water//type
of potato
Suhu//kepekatan air berwarna//isipadu air berwarna/ jenis ubi kentang
Apparatus :
Knife, tile, beaker, ruler, and stopwatch
Pisau, jubin, bikar, pembaris dan jam randik
Materials :
Coloured Water and potatoes
Air berwarna dan ubi kentang
1
BIOLOGY: FORM 5
5. PROCEDURE
1. Cut the potatoes into cubes with sides 4 cm, 3 cm and 2 cm respectively. K1
Potong ubi kentang kepada kiub-kiub yang bersisi 4 cm, 3 cm dan 2 cm
masing-masing.
2. Calculate the total surface area and volume of each tube. K1
Hitung jumlah luas permukaan dan isi padu setiap kiub.
3. Put the potato cubes into a beaker of coloured water. K1
Masukkan kiub-kiub ubi kentang ke dalam bikar yang berisi air
berwarna.
4. Used a stopwatch to record the time.
Masa di rekod menggunakan jam randik.
5. Let the potatoes cubes in coloured water for 30 minutes. K2
Biarkan kiub kentang di dalam air berwarna selama 30 minit.
6. Removes the potatoes cubes from the beaker after 30 minutes. K1
Keluarkan kiub-kiub kentang dari bikar selepas 30 minit.
7. Cut cubes with sides 4 cm into two halves. K1
Potong ubi kentang yang bersisi 4 cm kepada dua bahagian.
8. Observe and estimate the percentage of area coloured using grid paper. K3
Perhatikan dan anggarkan peratusan kawasan berwarna dengan
menggunakan kertas grid.
9. Repeat step 7 and 8 by using cubes with sides 3 cm and 2 cm. K4
Ulangi langkah 7 dan 8 dengan menggunakan kiub yang bersisi 3 cm
dan 2 cm.
10. The experiment is carried out using same volume of coloured water and K2
concentration of coloured water.
Eksperimen ini dijalankan dalam keadaan isipadu air berwarna dan
kepekatan air berwarna yang sama.
11. Record all data in table. K1
Rekodkan semua data di dalam jadual.
12. Repeat steps 9 using another grid paper to get average reading. K5
Ulang langkah 9 menggunakan kertas grid yang lain untuk
mendapatkan bacaan purata.
6. PRESENTATION OF DATA
2
BIOLOGY: FORM 5
4
1.2 BARK RINGING TO SHOW THE ROLE OF PHLOEM IN TRANSPORT OF
ORGANIC SUBSTANCES/MENGGELANG BATANG BAGI MENUNJUKKAN
FUNGSI FLOEM DALAM TUMBUHAN.
1. 1. PROBLEM STATEMENT:
What is the effect of removing a ring of phloem tissue from the stem of a tree?
Apakah kesan pada tisu kulit pokok di bahagian atas dan bawah gelang apabila
gelang kulit dibuang daripada pokok batang.
2. HYPOTHESIS:
The tissue just above the ring swells whereas the tissue below the ring withers.
Bahagian atas gelang kulit yang dibuang daripada batang pokok membengkak
selepas beberapa minggu, manakala bahagian bawah gelang kulit mengecut.
3. VARIABLES:
Manipulated variables:
A stem that is ringed and a stem that is not ringed.
Bahagian gelang kulit yang dibuang dan bahagian gelang kulit yang tidak
dibuang.
Responding variables:
The condition of the stems above and below the ring after one month
Kehadiran bengkakan pada bahagian atas gelang kulit batang tumbuhan
selepas gelang kulit pada batang dibuang.
Constant variable:
The plant type (hibiscus rosa-sinesis sp. ) , duration of the experiment
Jenis pokok yang digunakan (hibiscus rosa-sinesis sp.), tempoh masa
eksperimen
4. APPARATUS & MATERIALS:
APPARATUS:
A healthy tree with small stems, Vaseline
Pokok yang sihat dengan dahan yang kecil, Vaseline
MATERIALS:
A sharp knife, meter ruler, pen/ marker pen
Pisau tajam, pembaris meter, pen/ marker pen
5. PROCEDURE:
4. After one month, the condition and the diameter of the stem above K1,
and below the ring is recorded. K2,
Selepas satu bulan, perhatikan perubahan yang berlaku (perubahan K3
diameter) pada tisu kulit pokok di bahagian atas dan bawah gelang
yang dibuat.
5. Make sure the plant is water every day and it obtains maximum K5
sunlight.
Pastikan pokok itu disiram dengan air setiap hari dan menerima
maksima cahaya matahari.
7. The condition of the stem is compared to the stem that is not ringed. K1,
Bandingkan perubahan yang berlaku pada tisu kulit pokok di bahagian K4
atas dan bawah gelang yang dibuat.
6. PRESENTATION OF DATA:
The condition of The diameter of the stem above and below the
plant stem ring (cm)
Keadaan tisu kulit Perubahan diameter pada tisu kulit pokok di
batang pokok bahagian atas dan bawah gelang (cm)
Reading 1 Reading 2 Reading 3 Average
4
BIOLOGY: FORM 5
1. PROBLEM STATEMENT :
What is the effect of air movement on the rate of transpiration?
Apakah kesan pergerakan udara terhadap kadar transpirasi?
2. HYPOTHESIS :
The faster the movement of air, the greater the rate of transpiration.
Semakin laju pergerakan udara, semakin tinggi kadar transpirasi.
3. VARIABLES :
Manipulated variable :
Air movement
Pergerakan udara
Responding Variable:
The distance travelled by the air bubble in 5 minutes
Jarak yang dilalui oleh gelembung udara dalam 5 minit.
Constant Variable:
Surrounding temperature, light intensity, relative humidity, type of plant used.
Suhu persekitaran, keamatan cahaya, kelembapan relatif, jenis pokok.
4. APPARATUS AND MATERIAL:
A leafy shoot, Vaseline, dry cloth and coloured water (dilute eosin solution,
optional), a potometer, a beaker, secateurs, a basin of water and stopwatch.
Pucuk berdaun, vaselin, kain kering dan air berwarna (larutan eosin, pilihan),
potometer, beaker, pemotong ranting, besen air dan jam randik.
5
BIOLOGY: FORM 5
5. PROCEDURE:
1. Choose a leafy shoot from a plant. Cut off the shoot with secateurs and
immediately immerse the cut end into a basin of water.
Pilih satu pucuk berdaun daripada sebatang pokok. Potong pucuk
dengan memotong ranting dan rendamkan segera hujung yang dipotong
ke dalam besen.
2. From the cut end of the shoot, cut about 1 cm of the stem obliquely
under the water.
Daripada hujung pokok yang dipotong, potong 1 cm batang di dalam
air.
3. Immerse the potometer in the water and move it around to remove all the
air bubbles. The tap of the reservoir must be open to fill the graduated
capillary tube with water. ( You may use dilute eosin water so that the
movement of air bubbles can be seen easily)
Rendamkan potometer dalam air dan gerakkan untuk membuang
gelembung udara. Klip air dibuka untuk mengisi tiub kapilari dengan
air. (Gunakan larutan eosin untuk melihat pergerakan gelembung udara
dengan lebih jelas)
4. Carefully insert the cut end of the stem into the hole in the cork of the
potometer under water. Make sure the leaves are kept out of the water as
much as possible.
Dengan berhati-hati, masukkan hujung batang ke dalam penyumbat
gabus potometer di dalam air. Pastikan daun dijauhkan daripada air.
5. Close the reservoir tap before you remove the apparatus from the water
so that graduated capillary tube is full.
Tutup klip air sebelum mengalirkan radas daripada air supaya tiub
kapilari dipenuhi air.
6. Remove the apparatus from the water and set it up. The end of the
capillary tube is immersed in a beaker of water.
Alihkan radas daripada air. Hujung kapilari direndam ke dalam bikar
yang mengandungi air.
7. Wipe the leaves and the apparatus dry by using dry cloth.
Lapkan daun dan radas dengan kain kering.
8. Smear Vaseline around the region of the stem which passes through the
cork of the potometer to ensure there is no leakage of water and the
apparatus is airtight.
6
BIOLOGY: FORM 5
9. Lift the end of the capillary tube from the beaker for a short while. Then,
replace it into the beaker of water to introduce an air bubble in the tube.
Angkat sementara hujung tiub kapilari daripada bikar. Kemudian, letak
semula ke dalam bikar birisi air untuk membentuk gelembung udara.
10. Wait for the air bubble to move to the horizontal, graduated part of the
capillary tube.
Tunggu gelembung udara bergerak secara melintang dan stabil.
12. Allow a few minutes for the shoot to reach a steady state before taking
any readings.
Biarkan beberapa minit pucuk berada dalam keadaan stabil sebelum
mengambil bacaan.
13. Start the stopwatch and record the distance travelled by the air bubble in
5 minutes.
Mulakan jam randik dan rekodkan jarak yang dilalui oleh gelembung
udara dalam masa 5 minit.
14. Send the air bubble back to the right hand side of the capillary tube by
opening the tap of the reservoir.
Kembalikan gelembung udara semula ke bahagian kanan tiub kapilari
dengan membuka klip air.
16. Repeat steps 12 to 14 by placing the potometer under a fast moving fan.
Ulang langkah 12 hingga 14 dengan meletakkan potometer di bawah
kipas yang bergerak laju.
17. Record the distance travelled by the air bubble under both the conditions
in the following table.
Rekodkan jarak yang dilalui oleh gelembung udara dalam 2 keadaan ke
dalam jadual.
PRESENTATION OF DATA:
7
BIOLOGY: FORM 5
Windy
Udara
bergerak
1. PROBLEM STATEMENT:
8
BIOLOGY: FORM 5
2. HYPOTHESIS:
The higher the light intensity, the higher the rate of transpiration of Hibiscus sp.
Semakin tinggi keamatan cahaya, semakin tinggi kadar transpirasi Hibiscus sp.
3. VARIABLES:
Manipulated variable:
Light intensity// Power of bulb// Distance of Hibiscus sp. From the light source.
Keamatan cahaya// kuasa mentol// Jarak Hibiscus sp. daripada punca cahaya
Responding variable:
Rate of transpiration// Time taken for air bubble to move a distance of 5cm//
Distance of air bubble move in 5 minutes
Kadar transpirasi// Masa yang diambil untuk gelembung udara bergerak
sejauh 5cm// jarak gelembung udara bergerak dalam 5 minit.
Constant variable :
Type of plant// Air movement// Relative humidity// The number of leaf of the
plant
Jenis tumbuhan// Pergerakan udara// Kelembapan relatif// Bilangan daun
tumbuhan
Apparatus:
Potometer// Beaker+capillary tube+retort stand+rubber tubing, ruler, stopwatch,
marker//thread, knife
Potometer// Bikar+tiub kapilari+kaki retot+salur getah, pembaris, jam randik,
pen penanda/benang,pisau
Materials:
Leafy/ Hibiscus sp.shoot, water, Vaseline/grease
Pucuk berdaun/ Hibiscus sp. ,air,vaselin/gris
5. PROCEDURE:
9
BIOLOGY: FORM 5
10. Using stopwatch, record the time taken for the air bubble to move from
point A to point B. K3
Dengan menggunakan jam randik, rekodkanmasa yang diambil untuk
gelembung udara bergerak daripada titik A ke titik B.
11. Repeat step 3 to 10 by placing the potometer under strong light intensity. K4
Ulangi langkah 3 ke 10 dengan meletakkan potometer tersebut di bawah
keamatan cahaya yang tinggi
12. The experiment is carried out in the same plant/temperature/relative K2
humidity.
Ulang eksperimen ini dengan tumbuhan /suhu/kelembapan relative yang
sama.
10
BIOLOGY: FORM 5
11
BIOLOGY: FORM 5
1. PROBLEM STATEMENT:
What is the effect of different quantities of water intake on urine output?
Apakah kesan pengambilan minuman yang berlainan isipadu terhadap
penghasilan air kencing?
12
BIOLOGY: FORM 5
2. HYPOTHESIS:
The more the water intake, the more the volume of urine produced.
Semakin banyak air diminum, semakin banyak air kencing dihasilkan.
3. VARIABLES:
Manipulated Variable:
Volume of water intake.
Isipadu pengambilan minuman air.
Responding Variable:
Volume of urine produced.
Isipadu air kencing yang dihasilkan.
Fixed Variable:
Time, no food before experiment
Masa, tidak makan sebelum eksperimen
APPARATUS:
Measuring Cylinders
Silinder Penyukat
MATERIALS:
Paper cups and mineral water
Cawan kertas dan air mineral
5. PROCEDURES: K1
1. Get 4 students, A, B, C and D to empty their bladders.
Dapatkan empat orang pelajar, A, B, C dan D dan kosongkan pundi
kencing mereka
13
BIOLOGY: FORM 5
5. Another four students A1, B1, C1 and D1 were asked to repeat the step 1
to step 4 K4
4 pelajar A1, B1, C1 dan D1 disuruh untuk mengulangi langkah 1 hingga
langkah 4.
6. PRESENTATION OF DATA:
14
BIOLOGY: FORM 5
1. PROBLEM STATEMENT :
What is the effect of time on the growth pattern of maize plant/mass of maize
seedlings?
Apakah kesan masa ke atas pola pertumbuhan pokok jagung/jisim benih
jagung?
2. HYPOTHESIS :
Manipulated variable :
Time of growth/Masa pertumbuhan
Responding variable :
Mass of seedlings/Jisim anak benih
15
BIOLOGY: FORM 5
Constant variable :
Amount of water/Jumlah air
4. APPARATUS& MATERIALS :
Apparatus :
Oven, weighing scale, seedling trays of the size of 1.5 m x 1.5 m
Ketuhar, penimbang,kotak semaian berukuran 1.5 m x 1.5 m
Materials :
50 maize grains of the same type and size, soil and tissue paper.
50 biji benih jagung yang sama jenis dan saiz, tanah dan tisu.
5. PROCEDURE :
4. The remaining maize grains are sown in the seedling tray, each grain at a
distance of 15 cm from each other.
Biji benih yang selebihnya disemai di dalam kotak semaian,dengan jarak 15
cm antara setiap biji benih.
6. Three seedlings are obtained at random every week from the seedling tray.
Tiga anak benih dikeluarkan dari kotak semaian secara rawak setiap
minggu.
7. The seedling are washed and wiped dry. The seedlings are weighed.
Anak benih dibasuh dan dikeringkan. Biji benih ditimbang.
8. The seedlings are dried in an oven and the dry mass is recorded.
Anak benih dikeringkan dalam ketuhar dan jisim kering direkodkan.
6. PRESENTATION OF DATA :
1. PROBLEM STATEMENT :
Manipulated variable :
The height of students
Ketinggian murid
Responding variable :
The number of student
Bilangan murid
17
BIOLOGY: FORM 5
Constant variable :
The age dan sex of the students
Umur dan jantina murid
4. APPARATUS& MATERIALS :
11. The height of each student in the class was measured and recorded
Ketinggian setiap murid di dalam kelas diukur dan direkodkan.
13. The heights of the students were then grouped into different ranges.
Ketinggian murid kemudiannya dikumpulkan dalam julat yang berlainan.
14. A histogram for the number of students against the height ranges was
drawn.
Histogram bagi bilangan murid melawan julat ketinggian dilukis.
15. A curve was drawn joining the midpoints of the top of each box to form a
normal curve.
Satu garis lengkung dilukis dengan menyambungkan titik tengah di bahagian
atas setiap jalur julat untuk membentuk satu lengkung normal.
6. PRESENTATION OF DATA :
Height
range
(cm)/
Julat 135-139 140-144 145-149 150-154 155-159 160-164 165-169
ketinggian
(cm)
Number of
students/
Bilangan
pelajar
18
BIOLOGY: FORM 5
1. PROBLEM STATEMENT:
How does the tongue rolling vary among the students in a class?
Bagaimanakah kebolehan menggulung lidah berbeza dalam sebuah kelas?
2. HYPOTHESIS:
Rolling tongue of students in the class are distinctively different and can be
classified into specific group.
Kebolehan menggulung lidah berbeza dengan jelas dan boleh dikelaskan pada
kumpulam yang khusus.
3. VARIABLES:
Students / pelajar
5. PROCEDURE:
K1:Preparation of materials and apparatus
K2: Operating the CV
K3: Operating the RV
K4: Operating the MV
K5: Steps To Increase Reliability of Result Accurately/ Precaution
The higher the light intensity, the higher the average length of leaves of a
balsam plant.
Semakin tinggi keamatan cahaya, semakin tinggi panjang purata daun pokok
keembung.
3. VARIABLES / PEMBOLEHUBAH :
Manipulated variable:
20
BIOLOGY: FORM 5
Responding variable:
Length for 10 leaves from balsam plant chosen randomly
Panjang bagi 10 helai daun pokok keembung yang dipilih secara rawak
Constant variable:
Type of plant // Type of soil // Type of fertilizer // The number of leaf of the
plant.
Jenis tumbuhan // Jenis tanah // Jenis baja // Bilangan daun tumbuhan.
4. APPARATUS & MATERIALS / BAHAN & RADAS :
Apparatus :
Pot, ruler, spade, knife
Pasu, pembaris,Pisau
Materials :
Balsam plant, soil, fertilizer, water
Pokok keembung, tanah, baja,air.
PROCEDURE / PROSEDUR :
1. Three balsam plant from the same parent were chosen and placed into K1
three different pots .
Tiga pokok keembung dari induk yang sama dipilih dan dialihkan ke
dalam tiga pasu yang berasingan.
2. The pots were put with the same type of soil. K1,
Pasu-pasu itu diisikan dengan jenis tanah yang sama. K2
3. One packet of same fertiliser was added into each of the pot. K2,
Sebanyak satu peket baja yang sama jenis ditambah ke dalam setiap
pasu.
6. The plants were watered twice per day with same amaun of water for K1,
two months. K2
Pokok-pokok itu disiram sebanyak dua kali setiap hari dengan jumlah
air yang sama selama dua bulan.
7. After two months, ten leaves from each plant were taken using a knife K2,
and the length of each leaf was measured using a ruler. K3
Selepas dua bulan, sebanyak sepuluh helai daun dari setiap pokok
diambil dengan menggunakan pisau dan panjang setiap daun diukur
dengan menggunakan pembaris .
Average
Location of Length of leaves (cm) length of
plant Panjang daun (cm) the leaves
Lokasi pokok 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (cm)
Purata
panjang
daun (cm)
beside the
classroom
bersebelahan
bilik darjah
under the big
tree
di bawah
sebatang
pokok yang
besar
inside the
laboratory
preparation
room
di dalam bilik
persediaan
makmal
22