RM MODEL PAPER 1 SOLUTIONS

1a Define the term research and explain the research flow cycle with a
relevant diagram.
The term "research" refers to the systematic investigation into and study of materials and
sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions. It involves the process of
gathering, analyzing, and interpreting information to answer questions or solve problems.
The research flow cycle typically consists of the following steps:

1. Formulating the research problem: This involves identifying the general area of interest or
aspect of a subject matter that the researcher wants to inquire into.

2. Extensive literature survey: After formulating the problem, the researcher conducts a
thorough review of existing literature and research related to the problem.

3. Development of working hypotheses: Based on the literature survey, the researcher

formulates working hypotheses, which are tentative assumptions made to draw out and test
their logical or empirical consequences.

4. Preparing the research design: The researcher outlines the conceptual structure within
which the research will be conducted, aiming to collect relevant evidence with minimal
expenditure of effort, time, and money.

5. Determining sample design: The researcher decides on the method for selecting a sample
from the population, such as random sampling, stratified sampling, or cluster sampling.

6. Collecting the data: The researcher collects the appropriate data using various methods,
such as experiments, surveys, observations, interviews, or questionnaires.

7. Execution of the project: This step involves carrying out the research project in a systematic
manner, ensuring that the data collected are adequate and dependable.

8. Analysis of data: The researcher analyzes the collected data, which includes categorization,
coding, tabulation, and drawing statistical inferences.

9. Conclusion and reporting: The researcher summarizes the results of the research and
presents the findings in a clear and precise manner, often including appendices,
bibliography, and an index.
1b What are the three broad categories of developing and accessing knowledge in
research? Explain with a diagram.
The three broad categories of developing and accessing knowledge in research are:

1. Exploratory or Formulative research studies: These studies aim to gain familiarity

with a phenomenon or to achieve new insights into it. The purpose is to explore and
understand a topic or issue that has not been extensively studied before.

2. Descriptive research studies: This category is focused on portraying accurately the

characteristics of a particular individual, situation, or group. The goal is to provide a
detailed and comprehensive description of the subject under study.

3. Explanatory or Causal research studies: These studies seek to identify the causes
and effects of a particular phenomenon. The purpose is to establish causal
relationships and understand the underlying mechanisms that drive certain
outcomes.

These categories help researchers to structure their approach to knowledge

development and access by providing a framework for the type of research they are
conducting.

1c What are the key ethical issues related to authorship? Explain each one.
The key ethical issues related to authorship include:

1. Determining who should be included as an author and the appropriate order of

listing of authors.
2. Ensuring that individuals who are deeply involved during the research work, but
may not contribute in the drafting phase, are appropriately credited.

3. Avoiding "guest" or "gift" authorship, which dilutes the contribution of those who
actually did the work and inflates the credentials of listed authors.

4. Preventing career-boost authorship, where a primary author bestows co-

authorship on a junior faculty or student to boost their chances of employment or
promotion.

5. Addressing career-preservation authorship, where administrators are added as

coauthors due to a quid pro quo arrangement, without doing the required work for it.

6. Seeking consent from all authors before submission and ensuring their agreeability
to the submission.

7. Quantifying the contributions of each coauthor to appropriately recognize and

ascertain the degree of associated accountability.

8. Avoiding double submission, which involves submitting a paper to two forums

simultaneously to increase publication possibility.

These issues are important in maintaining the integrity of research and ensuring that
credit is given where it is due.

2a Discuss the different types of engineering research. Clearly point out the
differences between all of them with examples.

The different types of engineering research include descriptive and analytical

research. Descriptive research involves comparative and correlational methods, fact-
finding inquiries, and attempts to determine causes without control over the
variables. This type of research aims to effectively describe the present state of art
and report as it is, without control over the variables. For example, a descriptive
research study might involve analyzing the current energy consumption patterns in a
specific region without manipulating any variables.

On the other hand, analytical research is characterized by the experimenter's control

over the variables under study and deliberate manipulation of one of them to study its
effects. This type of research seeks proof that certain variables affect other variables
in some way. An example of analytical research would be conducting experiments to
study the impact of different materials on the structural integrity of a bridge.

These two types of research differ in terms of the level of control over variables and
the approach to understanding phenomena. Descriptive research focuses on
accurately portraying characteristics and determining causes without control over
variables, while analytical research involves deliberate manipulation of variables to
study their effects and establish causal relationships.

2b List the different types of research misconduct and provide a brief

explanation for each one.

The different types of research misconduct are fabrication, falsification, and

plagiarism.

1. Fabrication: This involves the illegitimate creation of data or experiments with the
intention of presenting false information as genuine. It can occur when there are
pressures to meet deadlines or expectations.

2. Falsification: Falsification refers to the inappropriate alteration of data or

experiments to support a desired hypothesis, even if the actual data suggests
otherwise. This can involve misrepresentation, misinterpretation, or illegitimate
changes to data.

3. Plagiarism: Plagiarism occurs when someone uses or reuses the work of others
without proper attribution, presenting it as their own. This includes verbatim copying
or reusing one's own published work without acknowledgment.

3a What are the primary goals of conducting a literature review in academic

research?
The primary goals of conducting a literature review in academic research are to:

1. Identify unsolved issues and determine problems in existing models or

experimental designs.
2. Present a novel idea and recommendations.
3. Bring out something new to work on through the identification of unsolved issues.
4. Analyze available materials to determine suitability for the intended research.
5. Save time by relying on refereed articles published in scholarly journals or granted
patents.
6. Summarize the relevant and important work done.
7. Identify missing links and challenges in the open problems in the area under study.
8. Develop one's own ideas based on the literature read.
9. Continuously stay updated with new literature and evolving problems related to the
research area.

3b How does the new and existing knowledge can contribute to the research
process? Explain with relevant points.
New knowledge in research can only be understood and interpreted within the
context of existing knowledge. The significance of new knowledge can be argued by
demonstrating the existence of a problem and its importance based on what already
exists in the field. The existing knowledge is crucial for establishing the foundation to
make a case for the importance of the new knowledge. By acknowledging the existing
knowledge and pointing out the missing parts, researchers can demonstrate the
originality of their work. This requires a thorough understanding of the literature in
the field, including both established knowledge found in textbooks and newer work
found in research papers.

The process of contributing new knowledge to research involves immersing oneself in

the existing literature to gain expertise in the field. This allows researchers to
conceptualize the research, identify a significant problem, and propose a possible
way to generate new knowledge. However, for researchers working on projects of
smaller scope, it may be challenging to become an expert at the edge of knowledge. In
such cases, seeking guidance from a supervisor who is an expert in the field can be
beneficial in formulating a good research objective.

Acknowledging existing knowledge and building upon it is essential for advancing

knowledge, facilitating theoretical growth, and opening new avenues for further
work. A comprehensive literature survey is often the first expectation of a supervisor
from a research student, as it demonstrates a deep understanding of the state of the art
in the chosen field.

In summary, new knowledge in research is intricately linked to existing knowledge,

and the process of contributing new knowledge requires a strong foundation in the
existing literature, the ability to identify significant problems, and the expertise to
propose innovative solutions.

3c What are datasheets and write their contents?

A datasheet for an electronic component typically includes the following information:

1. Accurate dimensions of the packages the part is available in, which is useful for
printed circuit board (PCB) layout.
2. Summary of the part's function and features, basic specifications, and a functional
block diagram with the internal functions of the part.
3. Pin out, providing the physical location of the part's pins, with a special mark for pin
1 for correct placement in the circuit.
4. Graphs showing performance versus various criteria such as supply voltage,
temperature, etc.
5. Safe region for reliable operation, which should be carefully noted.
6. Truth tables describing what inputs provide what types of outputs.
7. Timing diagrams laying out how and at what speed data is sent and received from
the part.

These details are crucial for understanding the capabilities and limitations of the
electronic component and for designing circuits or debugging existing ones.

4a Explain the various steps involved in the critical and creative reading
process.
The critical and creative reading process involves several steps:

1. Critical Reading:
- Be suspicious and ask appropriate questions about the reported results or
arguments.
- Ascertain if the authors have attempted to solve the right problem and consider if
there are simpler solutions that have not been considered.
- Evaluate the limitations of the solution, both stated and ignored, and identify any
missing links.
- Assess the reasonableness of the assumptions made in the paper.
- Determine if there is a logical flow to the paper or if there is a flaw in the reasoning.
- Use a judgmental approach and be bold in making judgments.
- Be flexible to discard previous erroneous judgments.
- Ascertain if the data presented in the paper is appropriate to substantiate the
argument and if it was gathered and interpreted correctly.

2. Creative Reading:
 - Actively look for other applications, interesting generalizations, or extended work
that the authors might have missed.
- Search for plausible modifications that may present important practical
challenges.
- Consider if there are opportunities to start researching an extended part of the
work and identify the immediate next aspect to focus on.

These steps are essential for critically evaluating and creatively exploring research
papers and literature.

4b Define the term Citation. Describe the three functions of Citation.

The term "citation" refers to the practice of quoting from or referring to other authors'
works and ideas in a document in a way that allows the reader to trace the original
source. It involves giving proper credit to the original author or writer. Citations serve
three main functions:

1. Verification function: Citations allow authors to verify the accuracy of information

and prevent distortion or misleading statements in research. They enable readers to
ascertain if the original source is justified and if the assertion is properly described in
the present work.

2. Acknowledgment function: Citations play a crucial role in acknowledging and

giving credit to researchers for their work. They contribute to the promotion of
individual researchers and their continued employment. Citations also help
researchers enhance their reputation and provide a detailed background of their
research work, which can be important for securing research funding.

3. Documentation function: Citations are used to document scientific concepts and the
historical progress of specific technologies over the years. They contribute to the
overall knowledge flow and transmission of information within the research
community.

4c Explain how knowledge flows through a citation network using a flow

Diagram
Knowledge flows through a citation network when one research paper cites another.
This creates a connection between the two papers, allowing knowledge to transfer
from the cited paper to the citing paper. This process can be visually represented
using a flow diagram by showing the interconnectedness of the papers through
citations. Each paper can be represented as a node, and the citations between them
can be shown as directed edges, indicating the flow of knowledge from one paper to
another.
5a What types of inventions are eligible for patenting, and which matters are
considered non-patentable?
Inventions eligible for patenting can be in any field, from simple items like a paper clip or
ballpoint pen to more complex technologies like nanotechnology chips or genetically
modified organisms. Patents are not only awarded to major scientific breakthroughs but also
to improvements over existing inventions. For example, subtle changes in the structure of a
molecule like penicillin can result in new and improved properties, leading to the patenting
of derivatives. In daily life, many patented items are used, such as toothbrushes, shoes, mobile
phones, and more. However, there are certain matters that are considered non-patentable,
including frivolous inventions, arrangements or rearrangements, inventions related to atomic
energy, literary, dramatic, musical, or artistic works, topography of integrated circuits, plants
and animals, and traditional knowledge or duplication of known properties of traditionally
known components.
Non-patentable matters include frivolous inventions like dough supplemented with herbs or
merely changing the taste of the dough, arrangements or rearrangements such as an umbrella
fitted with a fan, inventions falling within Section 20(1) of the Atomic Energy Act, literary,
dramatic, musical, and artistic works, topography of integrated circuits, plants and animals,
and traditional knowledge or inventions that duplicate known properties of traditionally
known components.
5b Explain the major steps involved in the process of filling patent
applications using a flow chart.
The major steps involved in the process of filing patent applications are as follows:

1. Prior Art Search:

- Before filing a patent application, the inventor must ensure that the invention is
novel by conducting a prior art search to check if the invention already exists in the
public domain.
2. Choice of Application to be Filed:
- The inventor must decide on the type of patent application to be filed, such as
provisional application, ordinary application, PCT application, or divisional
application.

3. Patent Application Forms:

- The inventor needs to fill out the required patent application forms, providing
general and technical information about the invention.

4. Jurisdiction of Filing Patent Application:

- The inventor must determine the jurisdiction in which the patent application will
be filed, based on the desired scope of protection.

5. Publication:
- After the expiry of 18 months from the filing date or priority claimed date, the
application is published in the Official Journal of the Patent Office to inform the
public about the invention.

6. Pre-grant Opposition:
- If there are objections to the invention claimed in the patent application, a pre-
grant opposition can be filed within 6 months from the date of publication.

7. Examination:
- The patent examination involves scrutinizing the criteria of novelty, inventive step,
etc., by professionals to determine the patentability of the invention.

8. Grant of a Patent:
- If the patent application meets all the criteria and requirements, a patent is granted
to the inventor.

9. Validity of Patent Protection:

- Once granted, the validity of the patent protection is upheld as long as the
maintenance fees are paid and the patent is not revoked.

10. Post-grant Opposition:

- After the grant of a patent, there may be provisions for post-grant opposition based
on specific circumstances.
6a Explain the different types of patent applications.
The different types of patent applications are as follows:

1. Provisional Application: This type of application is filed when the invention is not
fully finalized and some part of the invention is still under experimentation. It helps to
obtain the priority date for the invention.

2. Ordinary Application: This is a patent application filed with complete

specifications and claims but without claiming any priority date.

3. PCT Application: An international application filed in accordance with PCT. A

single application can be filed to seek patent protection and claim priority in all the
member countries of PCT.

4. Divisional Application: When an application claims more than one invention, the
applicant on his own or to meet the official objection on the ground of plurality may
divide the application and file two or more applications. This application divided out
of the parent one is known as a Divisional Application.

5. Patent of Addition Application: When an invention is a slight modification of the

earlier invention for which the patentee has already applied for or has obtained a
patent, the applicant can go for Patent of Addition, if the modification in the invention
is new. There is no need to pay a separate renewal fee for the Patent of Addition,
during the term of the main patent. It expires along with the main patent.

6. Convention Application: If a patent application has been filed in the Indian Patent
Office and the applicant wishes to file the same invention in one or more Convention
countries (e.g. Paris Convention) by claiming the same priority date on which the
application was filed in India, such an application is known as a Convention
Application. The applicant has to file the Convention Application within 12 months
from the date of filing in India to claim the same priority date.
6b What strategies are involved in the commercialization of a patent?
The commercialization of a patent involves several strategies, including:

1. Granting Permission: The patent owner may grant permission to individuals,

organizations, or industries to make, use, and sell the patented invention according to
agreed terms and conditions.

2. Licensing: The patent owner may grant a license to a third party for various reasons,
such as when the owner does not have the necessary manufacturing facilities, is
unable to meet market demand, or wishes to concentrate on specific geographic
markets.

3. Exclusive and Non-Exclusive Licensing: The patent owner can choose to grant
exclusive or non-exclusive licenses to parties interested in commercializing the
patented invention.

4. Working of the Patent: Once the patent is granted, the patentee enjoys exclusive
rights to use the patented invention and may license or deal with the patent for
commercial purposes. The patentee is required to provide annual information
relating to the commercialization/selling of the patent.
5. Legal Compliance: The commercialization of a patent involves ensuring compliance
with patent laws and regulations, including the fulfillment of obligations such as
annual reporting and payment of renewal fees.

6. Market Focus: The patent owner may choose to focus on specific markets and
license the patent rights for other geographical markets.

These strategies aim to maximize the commercial potential of the patented invention
while ensuring legal compliance and protection of the patent owner's rights.

6c What are utility models, and how do they differ from patents?
Utility models, also known as petty patents or innovation patents, are a form of legal
protection for small innovations that involve incremental improvements over
existing products. These innovations may not meet the stringent criteria of novelty
and non-obviousness required for a standard patent. Utility models provide a less
rigorous and less costly alternative for protecting such innovations, making them
particularly beneficial for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) that may
not have the resources for extensive research and development required for standard
patents.

The key differences between utility models and patents lie in the criteria for
protection. While patents require innovations to meet strict standards of novelty,
non-obviousness, and industrial application, utility models typically have relaxed
criteria for novelty and non-obviousness. However, both utility models and patents
require the innovation to be capable of industrial application, meaning it can be made
or used in any industry for the benefit of society.

In summary, utility models offer a more accessible and cost-effective way to protect
small innovations that may not qualify for standard patents, providing an avenue for
MSMEs to safeguard their improvements and potentially reap financial rewards.

7a Define the term Copyright and write its classes.

The document outlines the following classes of copyright:
- Literature: Books, Essays, Research articles, Oral speeches, Lectures, Compilations,
Computer programs, Software, Databases.
- Dramatics: Screenplays, Dramas.
- Sound Recordings: Recording of sounds regardless of the medium on which such
recording is made e.g. a Phonogram and a CD-ROM.
- Artistic: Drawing, Painting, Logo, Map, Chart, Photographs, Work of Architecture,
Engravings, and Craftsmanship.
- Musical: Musical notations, excluding any words or any action intended to be sung,
spoken or performed with the music.
- Cinematograph Film: It is a visual recording performed by any medium, formed
through a process and includes a sound recording.

The term "copyright" is defined in the document as the legal rights provided by law to
the original creator of the work in the fields of literature and computer software. It
also encompasses the work in the fields of dramatics, sound recording, film/video
recordings, paintings, architecture, etc. The Copyright Act, 1957 of India provides
rights of reproduction, communication to the masses, adaptation, and translation of
the work.
7b What are the two exclusive rights owned by the copyright owner?
Explain briefly.
The two exclusive rights owned by the copyright owner are Economic Rights and
Moral Rights
Economic Rights:

Right to Reproduce: The copyright owner has the exclusive right to reproduce their
work in any form, whether it's through printing, photocopying, or digital
reproduction.

Right to Distribute: The copyright owner can control the distribution of their work,
including selling copies, leasing, or renting.
Right to Public Performance: This right pertains to live performances, such as
theatrical performances, musical recitals, or public readings.
Right to Broadcasting: It involves the transmission of the work through radio,
television, or any other medium that reaches the public.
Right to Adaptation: The copyright owner can create derivative works based on their
original work, such as translations, adaptations to different mediums (e.g., books into
films), or transformative works.

Moral Rights:
Right of Paternity: Also known as the right of attribution, it allows the author to claim
authorship of their work and to be recognized as such, regardless of any transfer of
copyright ownership.
Right of Integrity: This right enables the author to prevent any distortion, mutilation,
or modification of their work that could harm their reputation or honor.
Right to Withdraw: Some legal systems grant authors the right to withdraw their work
from circulation or publication if it's being used in a manner they find objectionable.
Right of Disclosure: In certain jurisdictions, authors have the right to decide when and
how their work should be made available to the public.

7c What are the roles and functions of the copyright board and the copyright
society in administering copyright laws and regulations?

The Copyright Board in India is a regulatory body constituted by the government to

perform judicial functions as per the Copyright Act. Its roles and functions include:

1. Hearing appeals against the orders of the Registrar of Copyrights.

2. Hearing applications for rectification of entries in the Register of Copyrights.
3. Adjudicating upon disputes on the assignment of Copyrights.
4. Granting compulsory licenses to publish or republish works in certain
circumstances.
5. Granting compulsory licenses to produce and publish a translation of a literary or
dramatic work in any language after seven years from the first publication of the
work.
6. Hearing and deciding disputes as to whether a work has been published or about the
date of publication or the term of Copyright of a work in another country.
7. Fixing rates of royalties in respect of sound recordings under the cover-version
provision.

On the other hand, a Copyright Society is a registered collective administration

society formed by authors and other owners of Copyright. Its functions include:
1. Keeping track of all the rights and infringements related to their clients.
2. Issuing licenses in respect of the rights administered by the society.
3. Collecting fees in pursuance of such licenses.
4. Distributing such fees among owners of Copyright after making deductions for the
administrative expenses.

8a What are the key eligibility criteria that a mark must meet to qualify for
trademark protection? List advantages that a proprietor gains through
trademark registration

The key eligibility criteria for a mark to qualify for trademark protection are:

Distinctiveness: The mark should possess enough uniqueness to identify it as a

trademark and must be capable of identifying the source of goods or services in the
target market.

Descriptiveness: The trademark should not directly describe the goods or services it
represents. Descriptive marks are unlikely to be protected under trademark law,
unless they acquire "secondary meaning" over time.

Similarity to prior marks: The mark should be unique and should not be similar to
existing marks.

The advantages that a proprietor gains through trademark registration include:

1. Legal Protection: Registration prevents the unauthorized use of the trademark by

other entities. In case of legal disputes, a registered trademark serves as strong
evidence of ownership and can help in legal proceedings.

2. Exclusive Right: Registration grants the trademark owner full rights to use the
trademark in any lawful manner to promote their business.

3. Brand Recognition: A registered trademark helps in creating brand value over time,
attracting new customers and retaining existing ones.

4. Asset Creation: A registered trademark is an intangible asset for the organization,

enhancing business and aiding in client retention and acquisition through brand
identification.

5. Perpetual Validity: A registered trademark in India is initially valid for 10 years and
can be perpetually renewed every 10 years, ensuring long-term protection and
benefits for the proprietor.

8b Using a flowchart, explain the steps involved in the process of

Trademarks Registration.
The process for Trademark registration involves several steps:

1. Prior Art Search: Before applying for Trademark registration, it is important to

check whether the intended Trademark is already registered. This can be done using
various web portals such as Public search for Trademarks by CGPDTM, Trademark
Electronic Search System (TESS), and WIPO's Global Brand Database.
2. Filing the Application: The proprietor of the Trademark fills and submits the
application. The applicant may choose to hire an agent to fill and submit the
application on their behalf. After filing, the application is assigned an application
number.

3. Scrutiny by Examiner: The application is scrutinized by a professional examiner. If

everything is in order, the particulars of the application are published in the official
Trademark journal. If there are objections, the examiner will send them to the
applicant for rectification. Based on the satisfactory response, the examiner would
recommend the revised application to be published in the journal. If the application is
rejected, the applicant may approach the Intellectual Property Division to challenge
the rejection.

4. Publication in Official Journal: Once the Trademark application has been

scrutinized and any objections have been addressed, the Trademark is published in
the official journal. This allows the public to file an objection, if any, within 90 days.

5. Grant of Trademark: After the application has successfully completed all

formalities and any objections have been resolved, a Trademark registration
certificate is issued in the name of the applicant.

It is important to note that the process may involve additional steps and requirements
based on the specific jurisdiction and regulations.

9a Briefly explain the overview of Industrial Design (ID). Summarize the

Non-Protectable Industrial Designs in India.
Industrial Design (ID) refers to the features of shape, configuration, pattern,
ornament, or composition of lines or colors applied to any article. It can be one, two,
or three-dimensional, or a combination of these, and can be created by any industrial
process or means. The main purpose of registering industrial designs is to protect and
incentivize the original creativity of the originator and encourage others to work
towards the art of creativity. The eligibility criteria for design protection include
novelty, distinctiveness from existing designs, and visibility on a finished article.
Industrial designs are governed by 'The Designs Act' 2000 and 'Design Rules' 2001 in
India, and the protection term for registered designs is 10 years, extendable by 5 years
upon renewal. The registration of a design ensures exclusive rights for the applicant,
preventing piracy and imitation, and helping to establish goodwill in the market.
There are specific application forms and fees for registration, renewal, restoration,
and cancellation of industrial designs. Some designs, such as those against public
moral values or related to integrated circuits, are non-protectable.

Non-protectable industrial designs in India include designs that are against public
moral values, industrial designs including flags, emblems or signs of any country,
industrial designs of integrated circuits, any design describing the process of making
an article, and industrial designs of specific items such as books, calendars,
certificates, forms and other documents, dressmaking patterns, greeting cards,
leaflets, maps and plan cards, postcards, stamps, and medals.

9b Discuss the Design registration procedure by using a flowchart

The procedure for design registration involves several steps:

1. Prior Art Search:

- Before filing an application for registration of industrial designs, it is important to
ensure that the design is novel and significantly distinguishable from other designs.
This can be done by conducting a prior art search using various search engines such as
the Design Search Utility (CGPDTM) and the Global Design Database (WIPO).

2. Application for Registration:

- Once the applicant is satisfied that the design is novel and distinguishable, they can
proceed with filing an application for design registration. The application can be filed
by an individual, small entity, institution, organization, or industry through a
professional patent agent or legal practitioner. If the applicant is not a resident of
India, they need to employ an agent residing in India for this purpose.

3. Examination of Application:
- After the application has been filed, an officer (examiner) analyzes the application
to ensure it meets the minimum standards for eligibility criteria for registration. If
there are any queries or objections, the applicant is required to respond within a
specified timeframe.

4. Acceptance and Registration:

- Once any objections are resolved, the application is accepted for registration. The
registration of a design is initially valid for ten years from the date of registration. It
can be extended for a further five years by making a renewal application before the
expiry of the initial ten-year period.

5. Enforcement and Protection:

- Upon registration, the proprietor of the design gains exclusive rights and can legally
prevent others from reproducing, manufacturing, selling, or dealing in the registered
design without prior consent. The proprietor also has the right to take legal action
against infringement and claim damages.

6. Cancellation and Restoration:

- The registration of a design may be cancelled at any time under certain grounds,
and restoration of a design is also possible under specific circumstances.
7. Application Forms:
- There are various application forms related to industrial designs, including forms
for registration, renewal, restoration, and cancellation.

In summary, the procedure for design registration involves conducting a prior art
search, filing an application, examination of the application, acceptance and
registration, enforcement and protection of rights, and the possibility of cancellation
and restoration of the design.

10a Define Geographical Indications (GI) with an example. What are the
rights granted to GI holders?
Geographical Indications (GI) are signs used on products from a specific geographical
location that possess qualities or a reputation associated with that region. They establish a
strong link between the product and its original place of production. An example is
Darjeeling Tea, which can only be labeled as such if the tea leaves are grown in the specific
soil and climate of the Darjeeling area, as per official records maintained by the GI Office.
The holders of Geographical Indications (GI) are granted several rights, including:

1. Right to grant the license to others: The holder has the right to gift, sell, transfer,
grant a license, mortgage, or enter into any other arrangement for consideration
regarding their product. However, a license or assignment must be given in writing
and registered with the Registrar of GI to be valid and legitimate.

2. Right to sue: The holder of GI has the right to use and take legal action against a
person who uses the product without their consent.

3. Right to exploit: The holder of GI can authorize users with the exclusive right to use
goods for which the GI is registered.

4. Right to obtain reliefs: Registered proprietors and authorized users have the right to
obtain relief concerning the violation of such GI products.
These rights empower the holders of GI to protect and control the use of their
products associated with a particular geographical location.

10b Summarize the IPR-related activities the Department for Promotion of

Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) undertakes.
The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) in India is responsible
for formulating and implementing policies related to intellectual property rights (IPR). Some
of the key activities undertaken by DPIIT in this regard include:

1. Policy Formulation: DPIIT plays a crucial role in formulating national policies related to
intellectual property rights, ensuring alignment with global standards while also considering
the needs and interests of domestic industries and innovators.

2. Legislative Framework: DPIIT oversees the development and amendment of legislation

pertaining to intellectual property rights in India. This includes laws governing patents,
copyrights, trademarks, and designs, among others.

3. Awareness and Capacity Building: DPIIT conducts awareness programs and capacity-
building initiatives to educate stakeholders, including businesses, entrepreneurs,
researchers, and the general public, about the importance of intellectual property rights and
how to protect and enforce them effectively.

4. International Cooperation: DPIIT engages in international cooperation and collaboration

on intellectual property matters, including participating in negotiations of international
agreements and treaties related to IP rights, as well as fostering bilateral and multilateral
partnerships with other countries and organizations.

5. Enforcement: DPIIT works towards strengthening enforcement mechanisms for

intellectual property rights, including coordinating with law enforcement agencies and
implementing measures to combat counterfeiting, piracy, and other forms of infringement.

6. Promotion of Innovation and Creativity: DPIIT endeavors to create an environment

conducive to innovation and creativity by facilitating the protection of intellectual property
rights, which encourages investment in research and development and promotes economic
growth and competitiveness.

Overall, DPIIT plays a multifaceted role in promoting and protecting intellectual property
rights in India, contributing to the country's efforts in fostering innovation, economic
development, and global competitiveness.