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INTERNATIONAL GCSE
CHEMISTRY
Paper 2

Friday 16 November 2018 07:00 GMT Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes

Materials
For Examiner’s Use
For this paper you must have:
• a pencil and a ruler Question Mark
• a scientific calculator
1
• the periodic table (enclosed).
2
Instructions 3
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
4
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
• Answer all questions. 5
• You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside 6
the box around each page or on blank pages. 7
• If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of
this book. Write the question number against your answer(s). 8
• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be TOTAL
marked.
• Show all your working.

Information
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• The maximum mark for this paper is 90.
• You are expected to use a scientific calculator where appopriate.
• A periodic table is provided as a loose insert.

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Answer all questions in the spaces provided. box

0 1 This question is about the elements in Group 1 of the periodic table.

0 1 . 1 Give the chemical symbol for potassium.

[1 mark]

0 1 . 2 Complete the sentence.

[1 mark]

This group of elements is called the alkali metals.

0 1 . 3 Which of these elements is the most reactive?

Tick one box.
[1 mark]

Lithium

Potassium

Rubidium

Sodium

Figure 1 shows sodium being put into water.

Figure 1

When sodium is added to water the metal:

• floats on the surface

• melts into a ball
• moves around and fizzes
• becomes smaller and then disappears.

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0 1 . 4 Give one safety precaution you should take when using Group 1 metals. box

[1 mark]

wear gloves

0 1 . 5 Give the reason why some Group 1 metals float on water.

[1 mark]

lower density than water

0 1 . 6 Give the reason why there is fizzing when the metal is added to water.
[1 mark]

reacts with water which releases a gas

0 1 . 7 Suggest why the metal melts when it is added to water.

[1 mark]

exothermic reaction

0 1 . 8 Complete the word equation for this reaction.

[2 marks]

sodium hydroxide hydrogen

9

Turn over for the next question

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0 2 Some soft drinks contain colourings. box

A student did an experiment to:

• find how many colourings a drink contains

• see if the drink contains a colouring called Sunset Yellow.

Figure 2 shows the results.

Figure 2

0 2 . 1 Name the method of separation shown in Figure 2.

[1 mark]

chromatography

0 2 . 2 Figure 2 shows where the student marked the baseline.

Why should the baseline be drawn in pencil?

[1 mark]

so the line doesnt dissolve

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0 2 . 3 Give two conclusions from the results in Figure 2. box

[2 marks]

1 the drink contains sunset yellow

2 the drink contains 3 different food colorings

0 2 . 4 Describe how to find out the Rf value of Sunset Yellow from Figure 2.

You do not need to calculate the Rf value.

[2 marks]

Turn over for the next question

Turn over ►

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0 3 This question is about ions dissolved in water. box

0 3 . 1 A student wants to compare the mass of magnesium ions dissolved in different

samples of river water.

A solution containing hydroxide ions reacts with dissolved magnesium ions to form a
precipitate of magnesium hydroxide.

The student predicts that the mass of magnesium hydroxide precipitate will be
constant for samples taken along the river.

Write a method the student could use to test this prediction.

[6 marks]

collect a set of samples of river water and make sure all samples are the same volumes

take the same/fixed concentration and volume of calcium hydroxide solution and add to

all the samples of river water let the reaction complete and then filter the white

percipitate and collect it to wash it then weigh the solid of each sample and compare

the masses of each

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0 3 . 2 The student carried out a flame test on a solution containing calcium ions. box

What colour flame is seen when calcium is present?

Tick one box.
[1 mark]

Green

Lilac

Red

Yellow

Question 3 continues on the next page

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0 3 . 3 A sample of river water was analysed.

The river water contained 1.2 g of dissolved magnesium ions.

Calculate the number of moles of magnesium ions in the sample.

Relative Atomic Mass (Ar): Mg = 24

[2 marks]

1.2/24

Number of moles = 0.05

0 3 . 4 Magnesium chloride is one of the compounds dissolved in the river water.

Magnesium chloride contains the ions:

• Mg2+
• Cl–

What is the formula of magnesium chloride?

Tick one box.
[1 mark]

MgCl

MgCl2

Mg2Cl2

Mg2Cl
10

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ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED

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0 4 Hydrogels contain polymer chains. box

They can be used as part of wound dressings for burns.

The polymer chains trap water, so allow healing in moist conditions.
As the water in the hydrogel evaporates it has a cooling effect on the wound.
A student wanted to compare two hydrogels, A and B, when used in wound
dressings.

This is the method used:

1 Weigh a 5 cm × 10 cm piece of wound dressing containing hydrogel A.

2 Leave open to the air.
3 Reweigh every hour for 6 hours.
4 Repeat steps 1 to 3 for a wound dressing containing hydrogel B.

Figure 3 shows the results.

Figure 3

0 4 . 1 Give one variable which should be kept constant in this investigation.

[1 mark]

surface area

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0 4 . 2 Compare the use of hydrogels A and B in wound dressings. box

You should consider

• ability to stay moist

• cooling effect.

Use Figure 3.
[3 marks]

A lost mass quicker than B as B stays moist for a longer time so A is a better

cooling effect

0 4 . 3 Calculate the percentage (%) mass loss over 6 hours for hydrogel A.

Use data from Figure 3.

[2 marks]

12.4 - 8.4/12.4

Percentage mass loss = 32 %

0 4 . 4 Polymer X is used in hydrogels.

It is produced in a polymerisation reaction.

Complete the equation to show the formation of polymer X from its monomer.
[2 marks]

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0 5 This question is about copper. box

0 5 . 1 Copper is a useful metal.

Give one use of copper.

[1 mark]

pipes

0 5 . 2 Compound Y is a mineral found in high-grade copper ores.

Compound Y has the following percentage composition by mass:

34.6% copper, 30.5% iron, 34.9% sulfur

Calculate the empirical formula of compound Y.

Relative atomic masses (Ar): Cu = 63.5 Fe = 56 S = 32

[4 marks]

Cu Fe S

34.6/63.5 30.5/56 34.9/32

moles 0.545 0.545 1.091

ratio 1 1 2

Empirical formula = CuFeS2

0 5 . 3 Copper oxide is formed when compound Y is heated in air.

Copper is extracted from copper oxide by reduction with carbon.

Balance the equation for the reaction.

[1 mark]
2
2

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0 5 . 4 The demand for copper is increasing but copper-rich ores are being depleted. box

One solution is to extract copper from low-grade ores.

Give one other way to meet the increasing demand for copper.
[1 mark]

recycling

0 5 . 5 Copper can be extracted from low-grade ores using phytomining.

Phytomining uses plants to absorb metal compounds.

The plants are burned to produce ash that contains metal compounds.

Explain one advantage of phytomining to extract copper when compared with

reduction using carbon.
[2 marks]

plants are renewable so can be grown again

0 5 . 6 Brass is an alloy containing copper and zinc.

Figure 4 shows the structure of pure copper and brass.

Figure 4

Suggest why brass alloy is harder than pure copper.

[2 marks]

different sized atoms cause layers to be distrupted

Question 5 continues on the next page

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Brass alloy always contains copper and zinc and may contain small amounts of other box

metals.

Table 1 gives information about four brass alloys E, F, G and H.

Table 1

Percentage (%) Percentage (%) Strength in

Brass alloy
of copper of zinc arbitrary units

E 90 10 260

F 80 20 300

G 70 30 330

H 70 28 360

0 5 . 7 Describe how the composition of brass alloys E, F, G and H is related to their

strength.
[3 marks]

if theres a higher percent of zinc present then the higher the stength except for H

because it has other element in it of 2% which affected the result

0 5 . 8 A statue made from brass alloy H has a mass of 16 kg.

Calculate the mass of zinc in the statue.

Use data from Table 1.

[2 marks]

16 x 28/100

Mass of zinc = 4.48 kg 16

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0 6 This question is about acids and bases. box

0 6 . 1 Complete the sentence.

Choose the answer from the box.

[1 mark]

carbonate hydrogen hydroxide sulfate

Acids form solutions containing hydrogen ions.

0 6 . 2 Complete the sentence.

Choose the answer from the box.

[1 mark]

completely ionised not ionised partially ionised

Ethanoic acid is a weak acid because in water it is partially ionised .

0 6 . 3 Complete the sentences.

[2 marks]

In a neutralisation reaction, an acid reacts with a base to produce

salt and water.

In neutral solutions, the colour of universal indicator is green .

Question 6 continues on the next page

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A student does a titration. box

They use:

• sodium hydroxide solution of unknown concentration

• sulfuric acid of concentration 0.100 mol/dm3

This is a summary of the method the student used:

1 add 25 cm3 of the sodium hydroxide solution to a conical flask

2 add a few drops of indicator
3 add sulfuric acid until the indicator changes colour
4 repeat the experiment and calculate a mean.

0 6 . 4 Give three details that could be included in the method to make sure the results are
accurate.
[3 marks]

swirl the mixture

use burette to add sulfuric acid

use pipette to add sodium hydroxide

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0 6 . 5 The student did four titrations. box

Table 2 shows the results.

Table 2

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4

Volume of
28.15 27.15 27.15 27.15
sulfuric acid in cm3

The equation for the reaction is:

Calculate the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution in mol/dm3

Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

[4 marks]

27.15/1000 = 0.02715 dm3

moles of H2SO4= 0.100 x 0.02715 = 2.715 x 10^-3 mol

moles of NaOH= 2.715 x 10^3 x 2 = 5.43 x 10^-3 mol

conc NaOH= 5.43 x 10^-3/0.025

= 0.22

Concentration = 0.22 mol/dm3

Question 6 continues on the next page

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0 6 . 6 Figure 5 shows the change in pH of the reaction mixture during the titration. box

Figure 5

Table 3 shows the pH range where the colour changes for four indicators.

Table 3

Indicator pH range and colour change

0.0 − 1.6
Methyl violet
Yellow ↔ Blue
1.2 − 2.8
Thymol blue
Red ↔ Yellow
4.2 − 6.3
Methyl red
Red ↔ Yellow
10.1 − 13.0
Alizarin yellow
Yellow ↔ Orange

Only one of the indicators in Table 3 is suitable because it changes colour at the end
point of the titration.

Explain which indicator the student should use.

Give the colour change at the end point.

You should refer to the information in Figure 5 in your answer.

[3 marks]

Indicator methyl red

Explanation because the PH range change is suitable to the vertical part of the graph

Colour change at end point red to yellow 14

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0 7 Hydrogen and nitrogen react to produce ammonia in the Haber process. box

0 7 . 1 Ammonia exists as a simple molecule.

Figure 6

Complete Figure 6 to show the arrangement of outer shell electrons in a molecule of

ammonia.

Use dots (•) or crosses (x) to represent the electrons.

[2 marks]

Question 7 continues on the next page

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Ammonia is produced in the following reaction: box

Figure 7 shows the percentage yield of ammonia using different conditions.

Figure 7

0 7 . 2 Explain the effect of changing the temperature on the yield of ammonia.

Use Figure 7 and your knowledge of reversible reactions.

[2 marks]

as temperature increases so does the yield as the forward reaction is exothermic

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0 7 . 3 Explain the effect of changing the pressure on the yield of ammonia. box

Use the equation for the production of ammonia and information from Figure 7.
[2 marks]

as pressure increases yield increases because reaction favors the side with

fewer molecules

0 7 . 4 Air is the source of nitrogen for the Haber process.

Figure 8

Suggest why air must not enter the reaction chamber in the Haber process.

Use Figure 8.
[2 marks]

because air contains oxygen which would react with hydrogen

0 7 . 5 Nitrogen and hydrogen are heated and passed over a catalyst in the reaction
chamber.

What is the name of the catalyst?

[1 mark]

iron

Question 7 continues on the next page

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0 7 . 6 Figure 9 shows world population and worldwide ammonia production over 60 years. box

Figure 9

Suggest why there has been an increase in the worldwide production of ammonia
since 1950.

Use Figure 9.
[3 marks]

ammonia can be used as a fertilizer so as the population increases the demand

for food increases so fertilisers used to increase crop yeild to meet demand

of popualtion so ammonia production increases as its needed as raw material forn

fertilisers

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Equation 1 shows the production of ammonia written using displayed structures. box

Equation 1

The total energy released in bond formation in this reaction is 2346 kJ/mol.

Table 4 gives bond energies for the bonds in the reactants.

Table 4

Bond Bond energy in kJ/mol

N≡N 945

H–H 436

0 7 . 7 Calculate the total energy required to break the bonds in the reactants.
[2 marks]

945 + (3 x 436)

Total energy required = 2253 kJ/mol

0 7 . 8 Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction shown in Equation 1

[2 marks]

2253 - 2346

16
Enthalpy change = -93 kJ/mol

Turn over for the next question

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0 8 This question is about carbon. box

Figure 10 shows the arrangement of carbon atoms in diamond and graphite.

Figure 10

0 8 . 1 Describe the structure in diamond.

[2 marks]

its a giant lattice with 4 covalent bonds per atom

0 8 . 2 Explain why graphite is soft.

[3 marks]

in graphite the layers of carbon atoms slide over eachother due to the weak

intermolecular forces between layers

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0 8 . 3 Explain why graphite conducts electricity. box

[2 marks]

graphite has delocalised electrons whichmove through the structure to conduct

electrcity

Question 8 continues on the next page

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0 8 . 4 Figure 11 shows the percentage of light absorbed when it is shone onto fullerenes. box

Figure 11

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Very bright light can damage eyesight. box

A possible use of fullerenes could be in the manufacture of protective goggles for

people working with bright lights.

Evaluate the possible use of fullerenes in protective goggles.

Use Figure 11.
[4 marks]

as the light intensity increases the percentage of light absorbed increases

until 3 arbitary units so protection of eyes becomes greater but it can

potentially be dangerous at high light intensities as well as being less useful

after 3 arbitary units

11

END OF QUESTIONS

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