Rizal's Life, Works and Writings

Brief History of

Rizal's Life and His Works

Submitted to:

Ms. Sarah Relloque

Submitted by:

Maricris C. Lustañas
BSCE-CEM III

September 12, 2023

JOSÉ RIZAL (Filipino political leader and author)

Also known as: José Protasio Rizal Mercado y

Alonso Realonda
Born: June 19, 1861 (Philippines)
Died: December 30, 1896 (aged 35) in Manila,
Philippines
Founder: Liga Filipina

José Rizal was a patriot, physician, and man of letters who was an
inspiration to the Philippine nationalist movement. The son of a prosperous
landowner, Rizal was educated in Manila and at the University of Madrid. A
brilliant medical student, he soon committed himself to the reform of Spanish
rule in his home country, though he never advocated Philippine independence.
Most of his writing was done in Europe, where he resided between 1882 and
1892.

THE MERCADO - RIZAL FAMILY

The Rizals is considered one of the biggest families during their time.
Domingo Lam-co, the family's paternal ascendant was a full-blooded Chinese
who came to the Philippines from Amoy, China in the closing years of the 17th
century and married a Chinese half-breed by the name of Ines de la Rosa.

Researchers revealed that the Mercado-Rizal family had also traces of

Japanese, Spanish, Malay and Even Negrito blood aside from Chinese.

Jose Rizal came from a 13-member family consisting of his parents,

Francisco Mercado II and Teodora Alonso Realonda, and nine sisters and one
brother.

FRANCISCO MERCADO (1818-1898) SATURNINA RIZAL (1850-1913)

Father of Jose Rizal who was Eldest child of the Rizal-

the youngest of 13 offsprings of
Juan and Cirila Mercado. Born in
Biñan, Laguna on April 18, 1818;
studied in San Jose College, Manila;
and died in Manila.
TEODORA ALONSO (1827-1913)
Mother of Jose Rizal who was
the second child of Lorenzo Alonso
and Brijida de Quintos. She studied
at the Colegio de Santa Rosa. She
was a business-minded woman,
courteous, religious, hard-working
and well-read. She was born in Santa
Cruz, Manila on November 14, 1827
and died in 1913 in Manila.
Alonzo marriage. Married Manuel
Timoteo Hidalgo of Tanauan,
Batangas.
PACIANO RIZAL (1851-1930)
Only brother of Jose Rizal and the
second child. Studied at San Jose
College in Manila; became a farmer
and later a general of the Philippine
Revolution.
NARCISA RIZAL (1852-1939)
The third child. married
Antonio Lopez at Morong, Rizal; a
teacher and musician.
OLYMPIA RIZAL (1855-1887) CONCEPCION RIZAL (1862-1865)

The fourth child. Married The eight child. Died at the

Silvestre Ubaldo; died in 1887 from age of three.
childbirth.
JOSEFA RIZAL (1865-1945)
LUCIA RIZAL (1857-1919)
The ninth child. An epileptic,
The fifth child. Married died a spinster.
Matriano Herbosa.
TRINIDAD RIZAL (1868-1951)
MARIA RIZAL (1859-1945)
The tenth child. Died a
The sixth child. Married Daniel spinster and the last of the family to
Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna. die.

JOSE RIZAL (1861-1896) SOLEDAD RIZAL (1870-1929)

The second son and the The youngest child married

seventh child. He was executed by Pantaleon Quintero.
the Spaniards on December 30,1896.

WORKS

In 1887 Rizal published his first novel, Noli me tangere (The Social
Cancer), a passionate exposure of the evils of Spanish rule in the Philippines. A
sequel, El filibusterismo (1891; The Reign of Greed), established his reputation
as the leading spokesman of the Philippine reform movement. He published an
annotated edition (1890; reprinted 1958) of Antonio Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas
Filipinas, hoping to show that the native people of the Philippines had a long
history before the coming of the Spaniards. He became the leader of the
Propaganda Movement, contributing numerous articles to its newspaper, La
Solidaridad, published in Barcelona. Rizal’s political program included integration
of the Philippines as a province of Spain, representation in the Cortes (the
Spanish parliament), the replacement of Spanish friars by Filipino priests,
freedom of assembly and expression, and equality of Filipinos and Spaniards
before the law.

RIZAL'S FAMOUS NOVELS

NOLI ME TANGERE (Touch Me Not, EL FILIBUSTERISMO (Treason)

H'wag mo akong salingin)
 Dedicated to the Motherland
 Published in Berlin, Germany
in 1887
 Dedicated to the martyrs of
cavite, GOMBURZA.
 Published in Ghent, Belgium in
1891

MAKAMISA (unfinished)
RIZAL'S FAMOUS POEMS

Sa Aking mga Kabata A La Juventud Filipina (To The

Filipino Youth)
 first poem, promoting lobe for
native language  Written when rizal was 18 at
UST
Mi Primera Inspiraccion
Mi ultimo adios (my last farewell)
 written in ateneo, dedicated to
his mother

Rizal was a prolific writer. At age 7, Rizal wrote a play, performed during
fiestas and at age of 8, Rizal wrote "Sa Aking mga Kabata", his very first poem.
Rizal won literary awards during his stay in Ateneo and UST. He wrote poems,
essays, plays and other literary pieces.

Rizal returned to the Philippines in 1892. He founded a nonviolent-reform

society, the Liga Filipina, in Manila, and was deported to Dapitan in northwest
Mindanao. He remained in exile for the next four years. In 1896 the Katipunan, a
Filipino nationalist secret society, revolted against Spain. Although he had no
connections with that organization and he had had no part in the insurrection,
Rizal was arrested and tried for sedition by the military. Found guilty, he was
publicly executed by a firing squad in Manila. His martyrdom convinced Filipinos
that there was no alternative to independence from Spain. On the eve of his
execution, while confined in Fort Santiago, Rizal wrote “Último adiós” (“Last
Farewell”), a masterpiece of 19th-century Spanish verse.