GEC 9
CHARACTERS OF
NOLI ME TANGERE
1. Ibarra ( Crisostomo Ibarra Y Magsalin)
 Liberal Europea-educated
Filipino. He is a loyal son,
courageous, civic-minded,
liberty-loving and patriotic.
 Represents the Filipino culture
which was being forged in
Europe among young students
whom Rizal endeavored to get
involved in the national
movement.
 Represents the idea of
Liberalism
 Jose Rizal
2. The Couple Capitan Tiago and Doña
Pia
 Represented the Spanish and
the Philippines without a
promising future.
3. Elias
 Humble, courageous,
thoughtful and farsighted. He
comes from a family of
persecuted.
 Represents the basic core of the
Filipinos which was the
persistent foundation of the
pre-Spanish Filipino culture
which survived the onslaught of
invasion by the culture which
was brought to the Philippines
by the Spaniards- the secular
and the religious.
4. Don Rafael Ibarra
 Crisostomo’s father. Represents
a rich landlord with a social
conscience because he is a
philanthropist. His strict
standard of conduct regulated
his actions. His independent
views find opposition in Father
Damaso who calls him a heretic
and filibuster.
5. Tasio
 Called as Pilosopo Tasio. He
CHARACTERS OF EL
FILIBUSTERISMO
1. Simoun
 Crisostomo Ibarra in disguise,
left for dead at the end of Noli
Me Tangere, has returned as a
wealthy jeweler.
 Secretly plans a revolution to
seek revenge against those who
wronged him.
2. Basilio
 Son of sisa and another
character from Noli Me
Tangere.
 After his mother’s death, he
became a vagabond until
Captain Tiago took him in out
of pity and hired him as a
houseboy in exchange for
sending him to school.
 He is a graduating medical
student who discovered
Simoun’s true identity and
befriended him.
 His girlfriend is Julie.
3. Isagani
 Basilio’s friend and one of the
students who planned to set
up a new school.
 He is very idealistic and hopes
for a better future for the
Philippines.
 His girlfriend was the rich and
beautiful Paulita Gomez, but
they broke up once he was
arrested. Despite this, his love
for her still endured.
 He sabotage Simoun’s plans by
removing the lamp that
contained explosives and threw
it in the waters.
4. Kabesang Tales
 Cabeza Telesforo Juan de Dios,
a former cabeza de barangay
(barangay head) of Sagpang, a
barangay in San Diego’s
neighboring town in Tiani, who
resurfaced as the feared Luzon
 GEC 9
entertains new ideas which his
generation cannot understand.
 Represented the Filipino
intellectuals who never left the
country and who came under
the tutorship of the religious
missionary work, but who,
came under the tutorship of the
religious institutions, being
prepared for work, had to
disengage from this
commitment.
 Paciano Rizzal
6. Kapitan Tiago, Anastacio De Los
Santos
 Another rich landowner whose
wealth makes him an “oligarch”
represents the Filipino who is
subservient to the authorities
because his personal interests
must be secured. A religious
fanatic, he is at peace with God,
the government and the people.
7. Doña Victorina De Los Reyes De
Espadana
 The paragon of colonial
mentality. A pure-blooded
Filipina who disdains what is
Filipino and imitates what is
Spanish.
8. Dona Consolacion
 The mistress of the Alferez.
Another woman who passed
herself as a Peninsular; best
remembered for her abusive
treatment to Sisa.
9. Maria Clara
 Represents a type of Filipino
womanhood brought up in the
convent and educated along
religious lines. She is beautiful,
charming, pious, faithful lover
and self-sacrificing.
 She also represents the idea of
conversatism.
10. Sisa
 The mother of Crispin and
Basilio. Illustrates the lack of
concern of society by trying to
help her solve her problems- the
bandit Matanglawin. He is the
son of Tandang Selo, and
father of Juli and Tano
5. Don Custodio
 Custodio de Salazar y Sanchez
de Monteredondo, a famous
“journalist” who was asked by
the students about his decision
for the Academia de
Castellano.
 He is quite an ordinary fellow
who married a rich woman in
order to be a member of
Manila’s high society.
6.Paulita Gomez
 The girlfriend of Isagani and
the niece of Doña Victorina
 In the end, she and Juanito
Palaez are wed, and she dumps
Isagani, believing that she will
have no future if she marries
him.
7. Macaraig
 One of Isagani’s classmates at
the University of Santo Tomas.
 He is a rich student and serves
as the leader of the student
yearning to build the Cademia
de Castellano.
8. Father Florentino
 Isagani’s god father, and a
secular priest; was engaged
to be married but chose to
be a priest after being
pressured by his mother.
 He harbors great hatred for
the corrupt Spanish friars.
 He offer shelter to Don
Tiburcio de Espada when
the latter was hiding from
his wide, Donya Victorina.
 GEC 9
maltreatment of her two sons
and the indignities she suffers
which finally drive her to
mental; derangement.
11. The Gobernadorcillo
 Signifies the nullity, the
despotism towards those below
and blind obedience to the
caprices of those above. In the
contract to his attitude, we find
the teniente mayor, Don Filipo
Lino, who represents dignity,
courtesy and priority of the
authority.
12. The School Teacher
 Personifies the educated
individual who dreams of better
ways of making the pupils learn
than the method of learning
with corporal punishment.
13. Padre Damaso
 The old kura paroko of San
Diego. Carries the trappings of
the dirty Franciscan, always
gross, always tyrannical and
constantly corrupted. The
biological father of Maria Clara.
He represents the old
missionaries who used their
positions to secure and
maintain their power.

14. Padre Salvi

 Represents the yond
missionaries who, instead of
introducing change, followed
the footstep of the old
missionaries.
 GEC 9

NOLI ME TANGERE

 Written in Spanish and published in 1887

 “Touch me not” – English translation
 “Huwag mo akong salingin” – Filipino translation
 “The Social Cancer” as the alternative title
 Taken from the Gospel of Saint John 20: 13- 17
 “Touch me not”; I am not yet ascended unto my father, but
go to my brethren, and say unto them I ascend to my Father
and your Father, and to my God and your God.
 The novel was printed with the help of Dr. Maximo Viola in Berlin,
Germany.

EL FILIBUSTERISMO

 Started writing in October 1887 in Calamba

 Completed it by March 29, 1891 in Biarritz
 “ The Reign of Greed” – English translation
 “ Ang paghahari ng kasakiman” – Filipino translation
 Printing was completed with the help of Valentin ventura on
September 18, 1891

3 Priests (GomBurZa)

 Executed on February 17, 1872

1. Don Mariano Gomez (Age 73)

2. Jose Burgos (Age 35)

3. Don Jacinto Zamora (Age 37)

Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (The Events in the Philippine Islands)

 Written and published by Antonio de Morga in Mexico in 1609

 Most vital records detailing the history of the Spanish colonization
in the Philippines.
 Talks about the history of wars, intrigues, diplomacy, and
evangelization of the Philippine island.
 GEC 9

Antonio de Morga

 Spanish soldier, a lawyer who has a doctorate in canon law and

civil law, and a high ranking colonial official for 43 year.
 A historian
 First person to write formal documentation of the Spanish
colonization. He was personally involved in the conquest and had
firsthand encounters with the most of the accounts he cited.
 His purpose writing is to document the Spanish kingdom’s
achievement in the conquest and conversion of the islands of
Filipinas or the Philippines.

3 Main Purpose

1. to awaken the consciousness of the Filipino

2. to correct false records of the past
3. to encourage the study of the future