Chapter 5

Food Security
define - food security - as when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic
access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences
for an active and healthy life

Causes of Food Insecurity Outline Impacts of food Strategies for managing Food
and threats to food security insecurity security (10 of them)
(9 of them) (7 of them) - describe
- Describe - evaluate
- Explain

1. Population Growth: 1. Regional food 1. Subsistence

when there’s more
people, it limits how
much food each
person can receive
scarcity: no food is
left in the entire region
agriculture: nearly all
of the crops or
livestock raised are
used to maintain the
farmer and the
farmer's family,
leaving little, if any,
surplus for sale or
trade

2. Unsustainable 2. Nutritional deficiency/ 2. Increase food

production: planting malnutrition: when food production and efficiency:
“thirsty” crops in dry prices increase, people buy produce more food more
areas, growing a cheaper foods that aren’t efficiently
monoculture, and healthy and are less
tilling the soil. Tilling nutritious, which causes
exposes subsoil to malnutrition
surface O2 increases
decomposition of
organic material,and
greatly loosens soil

3. Price setting: when 3. Poverty: since other 3. Improved agricultural

price setting of food is essentials like medical care techniques: such as
so high, it begins to and rent “compete” for money hydroponics and aquaculture,
aggravate poverty that could be spent on food. which do not require area
since poor people land, soil, pesticides, or
spend a larger portion irrigation
of their income on
food.

4. Land degradation: 4. Forced Migration: people 4. Reduction in livestock

destroying of the land are forced to migrate to and increase in growing
from its original state search for adequate food crops: reduce the amount of
 is caused by multiple animals eating the crops, so
forces, including that more crops grow
extreme weather
conditions. It’s also
caused by human
activities that pollute
or degrade the quality
of soils and land
utility.

5. Agricultural disease: 5. Conflict: people who don’t 5. Reduce food waste: don’t
such as fusarium agree with food prices might buy too much food, store any
(wheat) significantly start riots and protests extra food
reduces crop yields against the high prices of
and drive up the cost food
of food

6. Diverting crops for 6. Famine: an extreme death 6. Large scale food

biofuels: foods are in food within a country which stockpiling: saving food, to
fermented to produce leads to increased mortality reuse later
bioalcohols used in
automobiles, which
reduces reliance on
fossil fuel extraction,
but can increase food
prices

7. Climate change: can 7. Death: without food, 7. Improve transportation

lead to droughts, people will starve and die of food: and distribution of
which can affect crops food access across states
and livestock and international borders by
production leading to way of cold warehouses and
less food availability improves logistics.

8. Water shortages: 8. Protecting pollinating

without water, people insects: such as bees, flies,
don’t have the means beetles,and moths from
of watering their crops human activities like
to provide food for the deforestation, invasive
fast growing species, jacket, and climate
population. change.

9. Poverty: people who 9. The World Food

don’t have money Programme (WFP) and food
can’t buy food Aid:provides silos to farmers
and helps them transport
surplus food to market by
donating cargo bikes, which
obviates the need for heavy
gunny sacks.
 10. Rationing: balancing
out how much energy
you use. If you’re not
in a room, turn off the
light. Turn off lights
that don’t HAVE to be
turned on.

Energy Security
Know the classification of renewable or nonrenewable energy

Define Energy

Causes of Energy Insecurity Impacts of Energy Insecurity Strategies of managing

(6 of them) (7 of them) energy security
- Describe - outline (7 of them)
- Explain - Describe
- Evaluate
Slide 40

1. Fossil Fuel 1. Disrupted electricity 1. Increasing energy

Depletion: This is supply to homes and efficiency by using
when we lose these industry energy efficient
fossil fuels quicker lighting,
 than we renew them. programmable
Full depletion of oil is thermostats,
in 30 years, 40 years blowdown control
for natural gas and 70 systems, and heat
years for coal. recovery systems.

2. Inequality in global 2. Increasing prices for 2. Increasing energy

energy resources: energy resources production by developing
HIC countries using alternative energy
more energy than LIC technologies which can
countries. involve tapping into
tidal/wave energy, building
solar powered systems,
building wind turbines,
constructing geothermal
plants.

3. Population Growth: 3. Increasing costs for 3. Reducing reliance on

The more the industry fossil fuels, which could
population is growing, mean using and investigating
the higher the more renewable energy OR
demand for finite constructing more nuclear
resources. powered plants.

4. Differing energy 4. Job losses, economic 4. Investigating renewable

needs of countries recessions resources and carbon
in different income neutral fuels, which are
groups: Affects price, carbon neutral since this
distribution of fossil carbon has been recently
fuels, higher demand present circulating through
for electricity in plants, into topsoil, or into
homes, warmer water food.
reduces efficiency of
nuclear and coal
power plants,
droughts result in less
efficient hydroelectric
power plants and
irrigation waters
having to be
transported further.

5. Climate Change: 5. Increased levels of poverty 5. Development of

Natural disasters can and low standards of living alternative energy
disrupt supply. Past technologies
hurricanes damaged
many oil platforms
and pipelines. Storms
and flooding destroy
 powerlines reducing
the electricity in an
area.

6. Supply Disruption: 6. Reliance on imported 6. Rationing energy can

Piracy and Terrorism sources of energy increase security. Intentional
can disrupt energy “burnouts” in other countries
supplies near the bay help conserve power and
of Campeche and the prevent blackouts.
gulf of mexico. Cyber
attacks on computer
controlled systems
such as power plants
and oil pipelines.

7. Civil disruption and 7. Investment in local

conflict energy projects

Waste Management
Methods of waste disposal Impacts of waste disposal Strategies to reduce impacts
and treatment methods of waste disposal
(6 of them) (7 of them) (8 of them)
- Describe - Explain - Describe
- Evaluate

1. Landfill sites: waste 1. Contamination of 1. Reduce, reuse, and

is layered into a ilarge soil leading to recycle
plastic lined hole. leaching and
Once it is full, it is contamination of
sealed and covered groundwater
with dirt

2. Incineration: waste is 2. Build up and release of 2. Biodegradable plastics

burned in an the greenhouse gas
oxygenated methane (CH4) with a
combustion chamber, danger of explosions
leaving behind gas
and ash. Improperly
incinerating plastic
caused an increase in
CO2 emissions.

3. Storage: non 3. Visual and noise 3. Food waste for animal

hazardous solid waste pollution and unpleasant feed
can be stored. odor
 Example large waste
bins, smaller storage
bins used as short
and long term
storage.

4. Disposal at sea: 4. Risk of spread of disease 4. Composting

disposing waste in
oceans, including
radioactive waste,
rubbish, septic waste,
industrial waste, and
contaminated soil.

5. Recycling: after 5. Release of toxic 5. Fermentation

collection, materials substances
are sorted, cleaned,
and processed, into
materials that can be
used for
manufacturing.

6. Exporting waste: it 6. Bioaccumulation and 6. Use of waste to generate

can be cheaper for biomagnification energy
developed countries
to ship plastic to be
“recycled” in
developing countries
than to do the
recycling themselves.

7. Plastics and 7. Education

microplastics in
oceans

8. Financial
insensitives and
legislation