Comercial Arable

Cash crops Pastoral

Subsistence Mixed

Intensive Nomadic herding

Extensive Shifting cultivation

1a
 produce for profit (large
crop
scale/cash crops)

a crop produced for its

animal commercial value rather than
for use by the grower

produce for family, some may

crop and animal
be profit (small scale)

(where water is scarce)

farmers move herds of large input compared to small
animals between areas to find land use
grazing land/water

The use of tropical forest

clearings for crop production
small input compared to large
until their fertility is lost. Plots
land use
are then abandoned, and
farmers move on to new sites.
1b
 Monoculture Inputs

Slash and burn agriculture Process

Factors decreasing yield Output

Influence on natural/human
Waste
inputs on land use

Factors affecting farming:

Global problems for farming
example

2a
Physical: relief, temperature,
precipitation, growing season, aspect,
land/site, soil, drainage
the cultivation of a single
Human: buildings, transport, labour,
subsidies crop in a given area
Capital: seeds, animal feed, fertiliser,
pesticide, machinery, energy

Arable: plough, plant, fertilise, a farming technique in which

weed, pest control, harvest trees are cut down and
Pastoral: graze/feed, hay, burned to clear and fertilise
milk/shear/lamb/calve the land with ash

temp: too hot/cold kill crop

Cereals (wheat, barley, rice)
drought: irrigation needed or crop die
Vegetables flooding: wash away topsoil/drown crop
Flowers disaster: destroy land/kill farmer so low
yield
Animal meat
soil: infertile can't be cultivated
Milk/wool pests: eat crops

temp: keep water

store/irrigation
Crop waster or manure
drought: keep water
store/irrigation

e.g as altitude increases it

desertification, drought,
gets cooler, steeper relief is
storm, deforestation (soil
harder to farm, deeper soil is
erosion), leaching, saltation,
fertile, floodplain is fertile but
global warming
at risk
2b
 Diversification carrying capacity

the influence of natural and

human inputs on agricultural Effects of food shortages
land use

Food shortage Solutions to food shortages

Causes of food shortages:

Increasing food output (8)
natural (6)

Causes of food shortages: Short term/aid to food

human (8) shortage (6)

3a
Largest number of individuals
farmers create other areas of
of a population that a
income (gifts, cafe)
environment can support

Natural:
-temperature/precipitation
-aspect/gradient/relief
-soil fertility
Human:
malnourishment -transport cost
-markets
-capital/investment
-technology (yield)
-land tenure (less subsistence due to laws)
-gov control (surplus/land)

- aid
food demand exceeds supply
- HYV/green revolution

1. mechanisation/technology
1. temp: too hot/cold kill crop
2. HYV/green revolution
2. drought: irrigation needed or crop die
3. Irrigation
3. flooding: wash away topsoil/drown crop
4. GM crops
4. disaster: destroy land/kill farmer so low
5. Hydroponics/greenhouse/polytunnel
yield
6. Fertiliser/Pesticide
5. soil: infertile can't be cultivated
7. Crop rotation (NOT monoculture)
6. pests/disease: destroy crops
8. Cover crops/strip farming/stone lines

1. food distribution 1. overpopulation: demand surpasses supply

2. develop 2. overcultivation: nutrients depleted/soil degradation
3. overgrazing: vegetation eaten = soil
irrigation/storage/technology erosion/degradation
3. educate on methods 4. deforestation: soil/nutrients damaged
5. pollution: degrade soil/toxic to crop
4. provide GM/pesticides etc. 6. conflict: less farmers and soil degraded
5. loans/subsides 7. corruption: crop not go to population
8. low capital: infrastructure not maintained
6. reduce corruption
3b
 Benefits of aid

Desertification

Problems with aid

Soil erosion causes (6)

4a
 - quick solution to problem
- relieve people in a
desperate situation
- reduce death
- stop malnutrition

The spread of desert like conditions

- overgrazing/cultivation
- deforestation
- drought
- soil erosion
- lack of nutrients

- increases dependency
- corruption
- tied aid with conditions
- debt burden
- short term
- not reach all

1. overgrazing/cultivation
2. deforestation (no roots to hold soil)
3. topsoil exposed to wind/water
4. flooding
5. nutrient depletion
6. machines/building/walking

4b