TR2024 Metaverse FINAL LINKED

2024 TECH TRENDS REPORT • 17 TH EDITION
METAVERSE • NEW REALITIES

TECH METAVERSE & NEW REALITIES
FUTURE TODAY INSTITUTE’S 2024 TECH TREND REPORT

Our 2024 edition includes nearly 700 trends, which are published individually in 16 volumes and as one comprehensive report with all trends included.
Download all sections of Future Today Institute’s 2024 Tech Trends report at http://www.futuretodayinstitute.com/trends.
2 © 2024 Future Today Institute. All Rights Reserved.

THE YEAR AHEAD: TECH SUPERCYCLE
The theme for our 2024 re- Institute’s analysis shows that every technology—AR/ VR/ We’ve visually represented the tech supercycle on the
port is Supercycle. In eco- XR, autonomous vehicles, low Earth orbit satellites, to report’s cover, which is an undulating image reminiscent
nomics, a “supercycle” refers name a few—connects to the supercycle in some way. of a storm radar. Vertical and horizontal lines mark the
to an extended period of edges of each section’s cover. When all 16 section cov-
The ramifications are stark and undeniable. As this tech
booming demand, elevating ers converge, the trends reveal a compounding effect as
supercycle unfurls, there will be victors and vanquished,
the prices of commodities reverberating aftershocks influence every other area of
those who seize the reins of this epochal change, and
and assets to unprecedented heights. It stretches across technology and science, as well as all industries.
those who are swallowed whole. For business leaders,
years, even decades, and is driven by substantial and
investors, and policymakers, understanding this tech It’s the convergence that matters. In isolation, trends of-
sustained structural changes in the economy.
supercycle is paramount. fer limited foresight into the future. Instead, the interplay
We believe we have entered a technology supercycle. of these trends is what reveals long-term change. For
In this 17th edition of FTI’s annual Tech Trends report,
This wave of innovation is so potent and pervasive that that reason, organizations must not only remain vigilant
we’ve connected the supercycle to the nearly 700 trends
it promises to reshape the very fabric of our existence, in monitoring these evolving trends but also in cultivat-
we’ve developed. Our research is presented across 16
from the intricacies of global supply chains to the minu- ing strategic foresight—the ability to anticipate future
technology and industry-specific reports that reveal the
tiae of daily habits, from the corridors of power in global changes and plan for various scenarios.
current state of play and lists of influencers to watch,
politics to the unspoken norms that govern our social
along with detailed examples and recommendations de- Our world is changing at an unprecedented rate, and this
interactions.
signed to help executives and their teams develop their supercycle has only just begun.
Driving this seismic shift are the titans of technology strategic positioning. The trends span evolutionary ad-
and three of their inventions: artificial intelligence, bio- vancements in well-established technologies to ground-
technology, and a burgeoning ecosystem of interconnect- breaking developments at the forefront of technological
ed wearable devices for people, pets, and objects. As they and scientific exploration. You’ll see emerging epicenters Amy Webb
converge, these three macro tech segments will redefine of innovation and risk, along with a preview into their Chief Executive Officer
our relationship with everything, from our pharmacists to transformative effects across various industries. Future Today Institute
our animals, from banks to our own bodies. Future Today

TABLE OF CONTENTS
05 Top Headlines 20 Voice, Gesture, and Neural 29 Connected Well-being and VR 38 Experiencing Immersive 47 Authors
06 State of Play Interfaces Assisted Therapy Worlds 49 Selected Sources
07 Key Events 21 Senses in the Metaverse 29 Medical Metaverse 39 World Building on Blockchain 53 About Future Today Institute
08 Likely Near Term 21 Movement in the Metaverse 30 Scenario: Exploring Mars with 39 Events in the Metaverse 54 Methodology
Developments Man’s Best Friend
22 Scenario: A House Divided 39 AR Lenses and Filters 55 Disclaimer
09 Why Metaverse & New 23 Digital Identity 31 Education in the Metaverse
40 Holograms 56 Using and Sharing the Report
Realities Trends Matter 31 Synthetic Media in Hollywood
24 Avatars 40 Real Estate in the Metaverse
to Your Organization
24 Avatar Portability 31 Forensic AR / VR
41 Worlds for Purpose
10 When Will Metaverse & New
Realities Trends Impact Your 24 Hyperrealistic Avatars 32 Metaverse-Enhanced Science
41 Worlds for the Enterprise
Organization? 33 Scenario: Experiential
25 Fragmentation of Virtual 42 Play-to-Earn and Virtual
Identity Equations
11 Opportunities and Threats Marketplaces
34 Psychosocial Dynamics and
12 Investments and Actions 25 Leasing identity 43 Scenario: Cosplay Category
Inclusivity in the Metaverse
To Consider Announcement
26 Synthetic Speech
35 Situated VR
13 Central Themes 44 Metaverse Infrastructure
26 Synthetic Personalities
35 The Panopticon
15 Ones To Watch 45 Interoperability
27 Applications
35 XR Accessibility
16 Important Terms 45 Government Investment
28 Virtual Training for Real
18 Metaverse Form Factor World Jobs 36 Diminished Sensory Overload
45 Developer Tools and
36 Cybersickness Application Building Blocks
19 Headsets 28 Industrial True-to-Reality
Simulations and Digital Twins 37 Scenario: “Visiting” Pregnancy 46 Interdevice Synchronization
19 Smart Glasses
28 Human Digital Twins 46 5G for the Metaverse
20 Haptic Wearables

TOP HEADLINES 01 Meta and Apple Impress with New VR Hand Tracking
and Gesture Recognition
The tech giants’ latest headsets showcase hand tracking and gesture recognition
The metaverse capabilities offering users a more intuitive way to interact with virtual environments.
sees a cooldown
02 Events in the Metaverse Flop
from its initial hype, Metaverse Fashion Week saw major brands invest but drew few visitors, who found it
lonely and dull. Substantial investment and creativity are needed to boost engagement.
marking a phase
of recalibration 03 Metaverse Layoffs: Meta and Disney Scale Back Amid Cooling Hype
As the initial excitement around the metaverse wanes, Meta reduced its workforce, and
and more realistic Disney shut down its division dedicated to exploring metaverse opportunities, signaling
expectations. a reset in the industry’s approach.
04 Deepfakes Emerge as a Concern Ahead of Election Cycle

While some are entertainment, the technology’s potential for fabricating hyperrealistic
news and political footage to deceive voters is alarming ahead of upcoming elections.
Experts worry viral deepfakes could spread misinformation across social media.
05 Early Adopters Explore Digital Twins for the Enterprise

Innovative early adopters in sectors like autonomous vehicles and smart cities
are looking into the potential of digital twins.

TECH
INDUSTRY METAVERSE & NEW REALITIES
STATE When Facebook rebranded as Meta in 2021, it bet big on leading the next computing platform—the
metaverse. However, early criticisms emerged, given the rudimentary state of virtual and augment-
ed reality (AR) technology at the time, with many clunky headsets and cartoonish avatars. The spot-
OF PLAY
light soon shifted when OpenAI unveiled ChatGPT in 2022, captivating public interest in AI. Unlike
past AI systems, ChatGPT’s accessibility enabled mainstream user interaction for the first time,
representing a key inflection point. This overshadowed enthusiasm for the metaverse, which was
having adoption challenges. Disney retreated on its own metaverse goals amid disillusionment,
and Meta’s Reality Labs posted a staggering $13.7 billion loss in 2022.
Yet in 2023, major tech players recognized the potential in fusing AI and metaverse technologies
to take immersive simulations to the next level. Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg unveiled strikingly
realistic virtual avatars, enabled by AI—a major leap in simulation quality. Microsoft shared plans to
blend its AI Copilot with HoloLens 2, delivering an AR experience for workers. And Apple introduced
Overshadowed by the rise Vision Pro, a spatial computing headset employing machine learning for more natural user interac-
tions. Rather than competing trends, AI and the metaverse now appear poised to complement each
of artificial intelligence, the other. The future points to AI-enabled metaverse experiences that feel increasingly personalized by
learning user preferences.
metaverse is searching for new
Meta also unveiled more subtle technologies like smart glasses, signaling a shift in consumer
potential through AI integration, preferences for extended reality (XR) technologies that integrate digital experiences with physical
reality. In doing so, these technologies could enhance human connection, as the technical interface
evolving from initial hype to a fades into the background, replacing screen-centric interactions with more natural, human-cen-
tered ones. Spaces and the nature of work could be transformed, reducing our reliance on tradition-
measured and mature future. al screens and keyboards, and potentially revolutionizing the built environment and our interac-
tions with computers. The form factor of XR technology could evolve to where our natural actions
and environments become the primary means of interaction, ushering in a new era of computing
that is more integrated with daily life. This evolution mirrors AI advancements in natural language,
enabling more intuitive metaverse interactions.
In many ways, the trajectories of AI and the metaverse have come full circle. What began as sepa-
rate trends with muted enthusiasm has given way to recognition of their interdependence in creat-
ing more immersive digital interactions. Their futures are now fundamentally linked, with advances
in one enabling progress in the other.

KEY EVENTS
F E B R UA RY 1 , 2 0 2 3 O C TO B E R 2 3 , 2 0 2 3 F E B R U A RY 2 , 2 0 2 4
A Long-Term Vision is Challenged Saudi Cities Embrace Digital Twins Apple Vision Pro is Released
Meta’s Reality Labs division, specializing South Korea’s Naver wins a $100 million Apple released its newest mixed
in AR and VR technologies, reports deal to create digital twins for five Saudi reality headset with over 600 apps,
significant operating losses of $13.7 cities, enhancing urban planning and flood video passthrough, and spatial audio.
billion for 2022. management.
SEPTEMBER 28, 2023 N OV E M B E R 1 5 , 2 0 2 3
Meta Town Hall Highlights AR Metaverse Medical Market

Mark Zuckerberg showcases Ray-Ban smart Ocutrx’s OcuLenz AR headset, designed for
glasses as key to Meta’s subtle, stylish AR shift. macular degeneration, highlights medical
Shortly after, Meta Quest 3 debuts, offering applications as a key path for AR technology
advanced mixed reality experiences but adoption beyond entertainment.
garners mixed reviews and slow adoption.

LIKELY NEAR TERM DEVELOPMENTS

THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE METAVERSE Completely Hands-Free Experience Metaverse-Tailored Offerings Metaverse World Building for All
As virtual experiences become more
As delivery routes and last-mile deliveries As climate change continues to be a disrup- Increased automation and use of virtual
embedded into daily life, we can expect
continue to increase in speed and complexity, tion, logistics providers will explore how they agents raise the need for workers to know how
growing pains. Regulators must balance automation will let logistics companies cre- can insure against extreme weather events. to manage new tech-enabled work and tasks.
guidelines that ensure integrity without ate an intricate web of delivery offerings that These costs could be passed along to con- This upskilling could be done through remote
restricting an nascent industry. Tapid can be unique to each customer. sumers who choose goods from more volatile learning and working opportunities.
advances precipitate more seamless, regions.
intuitive user experiences. Hands-free
environments feel within reach as inno-
vations like gesture control tech remove Extended Reality Gets Serious Regulators Target Virtual Trading Consumer Push for Interoperability
friction. Past the hype, enterprise use cas-
es will gain traction, and efficiency gains With workers continuing to grow in scarcity, With manufacturing locations moving closer Global conflicts, combined with consumers
will drive adoption beyond novelty appeal. virtual agents will take over back-of-house to the consumer and e-commerce increasing, and businesses wary of supporting govern-
work in the warehouse. These virtual agents manufacturers need to consider how to create ments with values antithetical to their own
Generative AI will further accelerate pro-
will soon be able to oversee themselves and products in the exact spot as their consumers. will increase demand for verification of supply
liferation by enabling amateur creators to
their cobot workers, reducing the need for chains. Granular data collection and transmis-
construct fully realized 3D worlds without human intervention. sion will enable this shift in transparency.
coding skills. With increased adoption,
interoperability will rise as a priority.
Metaverse technology has perpetually 11 MACRO SOURCES OF DISRUPTION
searched for a wide audience—if it fails to
reach the mainstream consumer, indus-
trial use cases may take over. Medical,
industrial, or civic metaverses may be
the first to find product-market fit. Their
focused nature could lend itself more Technology Media & Demographics Environment Government Public Health Education Geopolitics Infrastructure Economy Wealth
Telecom Distribution
readily to creating utility and value.

WHY METAVERSE & NEW REALITIES TRENDS MATTER TO YOUR ORGANIZATION
Avatars Enable Digital Twins Save The Dual Edge of Metaverse Unlocks Safely Mastering Early XR Adoption
Personalization But Time, Money, and Hyperrealistic Avatars Immersive Marketing High-Risk Skills Boosts Workforce
Fragment Identity Reduce Risk Avenues Dynamics
Hyperrealistic avatars will Digital twins will Hyperrealistic avatars Immersive virtual worlds XR in enterprise Augmented reality could
enable more personalized revolutionize enterprise offer brands detailed offer a new frontier for training rapidly upskills reduce reliance on screens,
brand experiences, but operations by enabling customer insights but brand marketing. In employees’ safely, even minimizing screen fatigue
consumer identity may virtual prototyping, risk misuse. They enable the metaverse, brands in high-risk areas. and enabling more natural
fragment across multiple testing, and optimizing. lifelike interactions can engage customers Realistic simulations human-computer collabora-
avatars tailored to Companies can digitally and richer data while through lifelike, for tasks like operating tion. Spatial overlays could
different contexts. This iterate designs and supporting a deeper personalized interactions, machinery or handling also optimize workflows by
complicates marketing stress test ideas for understanding of blending products and emergencies build skills aligning virtual models with
analysis, as brands must better quality, gaining target demographics. messages into the virtual and confidence without physical spaces. As XR ad-
derive insights from a competitive edge in However, the potential for cultural fabric. This real-world risks. This vances, traditional seated
fragmented consumer market speed while deepfakes makes identity narrative-based approach leads to a workforce desk work may transition
journeys and understand minimizing downtime validation a challenge and boosts virality and peer adept at complex jobs, to immersive environments
core motivations and disruption. By saving puts brand reputations sharing, while rich data reducing mistakes. XR centered on voice and ges-
persisting across digital money and managing at risk. The ability to trust informs strategy and training offers quicker tures rather than mouse
identities. risk, this shift to virtual the accuracy of avatar product development. proficiency, lower risk, clicks. Built spaces could
environments will drive identities will be critical Substantial investment and no need for physical be reimagined, reducing
innovation. for ensuring messaging in creative talent and practice, optimizing fixed real estate costs and
reaches intended technology is essential talent development and promising more ergonom-
audiences. for establishing top-tier shortening onboarding. ic, satisfying, and dynamic
experiences. work routines with less
dependence on screens.

WHEN WILL THE METAVERSE & NEW REALITIES DISRUPT YOUR ORGANIZATION?
Forecasted Time of Impact
Digital twins in manufacturing Holograms Decentralized identity Full interoperability
Hands-free virtual Enterprise XR collaboration Spatial mapping
Photo-realistic avatars Spatial computing 6G-enabled metaverse
Multifactor biometric sensing Digital twins in health
Normalized use of avatars

in collaboration platforms
0-4 YEARS 5-9 YEARS 10-14 YEARS 15+ YEARS

OPPORTUNITIES & THREATS
Threats Opportunities
The lack of asset and avatar portability across platforms like Meta Horizon Digital twins can serve as powerful tools for testing, optimizing, and making
or Microsoft Mesh limits the metaverse’s potential and user experience. more informed decisions in a controlled setting. They help with proactive
The inability to transfer digital assets across different metaverse platforms maintenance, predicting failures before they occur, and reducing downtime.
creates a fragmented and restrictive environment.
Metaverse marketing could bring brands closer to consumers and influencers
There is significant risk in prioritizing proprietary control, and those seeking closer to their followers. It enables interactive spaces for community building
walled-garden dominance risk stunted growth. If standardized protocols are so users can interact not only with the brand but also with each other,
not developed as they were for the internet, the metaverse’s vision may not be
enhancing loyalty and engagement.
actualized and it will be a flop.
Virtual training offers efficient skill development in low-risk environments,
The advancement of synthetic media has given rise to substantial ethical
challenges, particularly around the issue of consent. Both public figures and improving employee competencies and safety. Trainees can experience realistic
private individuals face the prospect of their likenesses being replicated scenarios without the dangers associated with real-life training, and it reduces
without permission, prompting serious concerns about autonomy and the need for physical resources, travel, and on-site training facilities.
control over digital identities.
With companies integrating metaverse capabilities into platforms like Teams,
The creation of digital replicas raises philosophical questions about the remote collaboration is becoming more effective. Enhanced AI translations and
authenticity of human expression and the ethical implications of creating the metaverse’s elimination of geographical constraints means global teams
and interacting with digital beings that mimic real individuals. can overcome language and distance barriers to access talent.
The metaverse could exacerbate isolation and detachment from reality. The The companies that contribute most meaningfully to open standards
lack of physical human interaction could diminish the quality of real-world and standardized protocols will emerge as long-term winners. By building
relationships, leading to feelings of loneliness and disconnection. compatibility across platforms, these companies can expand their reach,
enabling their products to seamlessly integrate with a range of metaverse
environments and tools.
INVESTMENTS AND ACTIONS TO CONSIDER
1 2 3 4 5 6
Pursue novel brand interac- Get ahead of unintended Spearhead industry in- Use immersive training for Differentiate with digital Accelerate development
tions. Rather than mirroring consequences. Monitor teroperability standards. risk mitigation. Leverage previews. Build 3D virtual cycles. Construct digital
real-world marketing in vir- early metaverse adopters Get ahead of fragmenta- XR for disaster prepared- models of spaces to allow prototypes of products
tual spaces, explore novel across functions for poten- tion by convening an indus- ness, hazardous environ- remote previews and walk- early in the design process
modalities unique to these tial psycho-social impacts, try consortium to align on ment rehearsals, and other throughs. For real estate, for rapid iteration and
mediums. Provide value and implement support metaverse interoperability high-risk training needs. this enables global proper- user testing in VR. Refine
via exclusive metaverse systems proactively, like VR- standards early. Prioritize Repeatable virtual drills ty tours. Hotels and venues designs, materials, and in-
experiences that offer in- based counseling or hybrid user portability and plat- identify gaps efficiently at can offer virtual site visits teractions before physical
timacy at scale. Stay atop work policies. Navigate this form connectivity. Lead lower risk and cost than live to event planners. Unique production. Democratize
innovations in synthetic responsibility wisely. here before ecosystems exercises. visibility and accessibili- innovation by extending
media and immersive splinter and momentum ty become a competitive tools to customers.
technologies to remain makes alignment difficult. edge.
cutting-edge.

CENTRAL THEMES
The Quest for Connection The Technological Symphony of the Metaverse AI: Not Parallel But Key to Actualizing
the Metaverse
There is a nuanced interplay between digital immer- The metaverse stands as a technological apex, relying
sion and the desire to maintain a connection with the on the culmination and integration of various ad- AI is not just an accompanying technology in the devel-
physical world. Consumers increasingly show a pref- vanced technologies still in development. Its realiza- opment of the metaverse; it is a critical driver making
erence for augmented reality over virtual reality, indi- tion hinges on the progress of numerous fields, includ- the metaverse’s existence and functionality possible.
cating a broader inclination toward digital experiences ing powerful battery technology, enhanced connectivity For instance, a key contribution of AI in the metaverse
that complement, rather than replace, the physical and the widespread deployment of 5G, as well as the is the enhancement of user interactions through ad-
environment. The social dimension of the metaverse evolution of wearable devices. This convergence sug- vanced natural language processing. This technology
is equally critical. For the metaverse to be genuinely gests that the idealize vision of the metaverse is not allows for more natural and intuitive communication
transformative, it needs to enhance social connections just an isolated development but rather the endpoint within virtual environments, making interactions with
rather than create isolation. Its success will largely of numerous technological trajectories. These include AI-driven avatars and interfaces more fluid and life-
depend on its ability to foster genuine human interac- significant advancements in computing power, so- like. Moreover, AI facilitates the creation of expansive,
tion and community building. However, this new digital phisticated AI algorithms, and innovations in the en- complex virtual worlds. It enables the rendering of
frontier is also reshaping social dynamics in profound tertainment sector, all of which are crucial in shaping highly detailed and dynamic environments, which can
ways. For instance, the increasing use of devices like an immersive, seamless, and interactive metaverse ex- adapt and respond to user interactions in real time.
smart glasses, which can record interactions, intro- perience. As such, the journey toward the fully realized Additionally, AI contributes to the personalization of
duces a new dynamic in social behavior. People may metaverse is as much about the progression of these experiences within the metaverse. By analyzing user
modify their behavior, knowing they could be recorded individual technologies as it is about their harmonious data and behavior, AI can tailor experiences to individ-
at any time, affecting the authenticity of social ex- integration. ual preferences. This customization capability will be
changes. In essence, the metaverse is not just a tech- necessary for making the metaverse less like a generic
nological space but a social one, heavily influenced by virtual space and one that feels uniquely relevant to
human behavior and societal norms. each user.

CENTRAL THEMES
The Invisible Interface Fragmented Realities The Serious Business of the Metaverse
An overarching drive toward more natural interactions While individual companies are making strides devel- While consumer applications have driven much of
underscores a key vision emerging for the metaverse. oping their own metaverse platforms and capabilities, the initial enthusiasm for metaverse technologies,
For input, companies like Meta, Apple, and Snap are true interoperability across these disparate ecosys- substantial enterprise use cases are emerging across
developing innovations in voice control, hand ges- tems remains elusive. Challenges persist around asset domains like training, digital twins, and remote col-
tures, and even neural signals that interpret eye and portability and avatar interoperability across differ- laboration. These practical business applications have
facial muscle movements. These updates remove the ent virtual platforms. A custom-built avatar remains the potential to push adoption further into the main-
need for traditional physical controls, aligning with confined to a single walled metaverse garden like Meta stream. Immersive training simulations are already
a frontier of silent, seamless interaction powered by Horizon or Microsoft Mesh. Purchasing a virtual Gucci being deployed by companies like Walmart, BMW, and
AI. Gesture technology is advancing rapidly, pointing bag in one world doesn’t automatically transfer digital- Lufthansa to develop employee skills and knowledge in
to hands-free experiences. Neural signals take this ly to other environments. This fragmentation severely low-risk virtual environments. Industries from avia-
even further by tapping directly into biological cues limits the scope and potential of the metaverse. Users tion to medicine are utilizing digital twins of complex
to enable control through cognition alone. For output, wish to move fluidly between experiences, carrying systems to enable virtual testing and optimization. For
advances in haptics and multisensory technologies their digital possessions and personas with them. remote work, Microsoft is integrating metaverse capa-
point to a future beyond visuals and audio, where vir- Creators want to build once and deploy everywhere, bilities directly into Teams, which has over 270 million
tual experiences feel increasingly tactile and lifelike. not redo work for each platform. For the metaverse users. This allows colleagues to collaborate via lifelike
The emergence of these subtle, intuitive technologies to mirror the connected nature of the physical world, avatars and spatial layouts in virtual meeting envi-
reveals we are slowly starting to actualize one vision technical infrastructure enabling this cross-platform ronments. While startups are innovating, Microsoft’s
of the metaverse: for the interface between humans continuity is critical. While metaverse pioneers are massive reach gives it potential to make VR meetings
and technology to fade into the background, becoming acknowledging this necessity, competitive pressures a workplace norm. As these use cases demonstrate
almost invisible. and commercial interests of tech giants currently take concrete ROI in areas from employee productivity and
precedence over open collaboration. safety to time and cost savings, enterprise adoption
can help further validate and destigmatize metaverse
technologies.

ONES TO WATCH
Andrew “Boz” Bosworth, CFO and head of Henry Liu, professor of civil engineering and Dr. Mikael Benson, researcher at the De- Jose Fuertes, founder and CEO of OWO, for
Meta’s Reality Labs, for being Mark Zucker- director of Mcity and the Center for Connected partment of Clinical Science, Intervention, developing haptic vests for virtual gaming.
berg’s right-hand man and overseeing more and Automated Transportation at the Univer- and Technology at Karolinska Institutet, for
than 20,400 people in realizing Meta’s vision sity of Michigan, for advancements in simu- research on digital twins for treatment of Jake Rubin, founder, chairman, and CEO at
for the metaverse. lated driving environments. inflammatory diseases. HaptX, for working to bring virtual worlds to
life through realistic touch.
Tamir Berliner and Tomer Kahan, co-founders Akash Nigam, CEO of Genies, for develop- Pouya Hamadanian, electrical engineering
of Sightful Spacetop, for innovation in spatial ment of decentralized avatar systems in the and computer science graduate student and Jensen Huang, CEO and president of Nvidia,
computing interfaces. metaverse. lead author at MIT, for work on Ekho, which for envisioning the Omniverse platform and
synchronizes audio and visual streams developer ecosystem to build the industrial
Tara Boroushaki, Laura Dodds, Aline Eid, Dr. Seung-Kwon Seol, researcher at the transmitting to two devices. metaverse and a clear path to metaverse
and Maisy Lam, researchers at MIT, for contri- Smart 3D Printing Research Team at Korea revenue.
butions to augmented reality with non-line-of- Electrotechnology Research Institute, for work Elizabeth Haas, an adjunct professor at NYU
sight perception. on smart contact lenses for AR-based naviga- School of Professional Studies, founding Soo-yeon Choi, CEO of Naver, for instru-
tion. director at NYU SPS Emerging Technologies mental work in developing the digital twin
Dr. Tim Bunnell, director at the Nemours Cen- Collaborative, and partner at New York Con- cities project between South Korea and Saudi
ter for Pediatric Auditory and Speech Scienc- Chat Steelberg, CEO of Veritone, for advance- sulting Partners, for writing about cities and Arabia, which will revolutionize real-time de-
es, for work on AI-generated video clips that ments in synthetic Voice as a Service (VaaS) technologies. cision-making, prediction, and optimization
mimic accents and speech patterns. solutions. of urban infrastructure.
Dr. Sarah E. MacPherson, head of psycholo-
Professor Garuda Fujii, researcher at Shin- Dr. Yu Xinge, associate professor in the gy and professor at the School of Philosophy, Yacine Achiakh, CEO and founder of Wisear,
shu University’s Institute of Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering at Psychology, and Language Sciences, Univer- for pioneering the development of the first
ELab2, for innovative approaches to designing City University of Hong Kong, for co-leading a sity of Edinburgh, for her work on cybersick- earphones with a neural interface, enabling
source-shifter structures. study on wireless olfactory feedback systems ness in immersive digital reality. hands-free, voice-free control of XR devices.
in VR.
Grimes, musician and artist, for pioneering Michael Barnett-Cowan, professor at the
new business models in AI-generated voice Dr. Yon Visell, associate professor of biolog- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sci-
synthesis. ical engineering at University of California, ences, University of Waterloo, for his work on
Santa Barbara, for work on haptic holography. motion sickness in VR games.
Im Doo Jung, a professor in the Department of
Mechanical Engineering at UNIST, for work on Joshua Xu, CEO and co-founder of HeyGen, for
smart contact lenses for AR-based navigation. innovations in translation services.

IMPORTANT TERMS
Augmented reality (AR) of interconnected virtual worlds, as opposed to Haptics Mixed reality (MR)
A technology that overlays digital information, closed, proprietary platforms. Technology related to tactile sensations and feed- A hybrid form of reality that merges the real and
images, and objects onto the real-world environ- back. Can include vibration, motion, pressure, and virtual worlds to produce new environments and
ment. Users see virtual elements mixed into their Deepfakes temperature changes. visualizations where physical and digital objects
actual surroundings through a device screen or AR Manipulated video/audio that uses AI to realis- coexist and interact in real time.
glasses/headset. tically substitute someone’s likeness and voice Holography
in existing content without their consent, raising A technique for creating three-dimensional Neural interfaces
Avatar ethical concerns. projections; it’s becoming key in populating the Technologies that connect directly to the user’s
A digital representation of a user, often in the form metaverse with realistic avatars and environments, neural activity, like brain waves or facial muscle
of a 3D model or illustration. Avatars serve as a Digital twins and merging with technologies like deepfake for signals, to enable hands-free and silent control.
user’s persona in online/virtual environments. Virtual replications of physical systems used for various applications.
simulation and optimization. Non-fungible tokens (NFTs)
Cybersickness Human-machine interfaces Unique digital assets representing ownership of vir-
Nausea or motion sickness experienced by some VR Experiential artifacts The components and methods through which hu- tual items like land and avatars in the metaverse,
users due to proprioception disorientation. It arises Lingering sensory and cognitive effects in VR users, mans interact with and control machines, like key- made credible and secure through blockchain
from the mismatch between perceived and actual blurring the lines between virtual and real-world boards, mice, touchscreens, and voice commands. technology.
spatial positions in VR, with research suggesting experiences. These artifacts result from the dis-
that factors like vertical orientation perception and sonance between virtual and physical realities, Hyperrealistic avatars Olfactory feedback
inclusion of music can influence its severity. leading to feelings of disembodiment or altered Highly detailed avatars that closely mimic a Technology that generates smells and aromas dig-
physical world perceptions. person’s real facial features, expressions, and itally, allowing smells to be simulated in a virtual
Data portability movements through advanced 3D modeling and environment.
The ability for users to transfer their digital iden- Extended reality (XR) scanning.
tities, including avatars, and associated data An umbrella term that encompasses virtual reality, Panopticon
between platforms and services. augmented reality, and mixed reality. XR provides Interoperability A system of control where individuals are aware
immersive digital experiences that blend the Blockchain’s capability allowing assets and infor- they might be watched at any time, leading to
Decentralization physical and virtual worlds across a spectrum of mation to seamlessly transfer between different self-regulation of behavior. In the context of smart
A core principle shared by the metaverse and block- realities. It enhances interactions with the environ- worlds and platforms within the metaverse. glasses, it refers to the heightened sense of being
chain technology, emphasizing an open network ment and digital elements. observed and changing behavior because of it.

IMPORTANT TERMS
Passthrough Synthetic speech
A feature in some headsets that uses outward-fac- AI-generated simulated speech that clones a
ing cameras to display the physical environment person’s vocal characteristics to create natural
to the user while wearing the headset. Provides sounding vocalizations. Enables voice banking,
awareness of surroundings. which benefits people who may lose their ability to
speak later in life.
Play-to-earn games
Virtual environments in the metaverse where play- Virtual reality (VR)
ers can earn real-world value through gameplay, An artificial digital environment that is fully im-
with blockchain technology enabling the collection, mersive and isolates users from the physical world.
breeding, and trading of digital assets as NFTs. Users typically wear a headset with stereoscopic
displays and head tracking to look around the
Situated virtual reality (situated VR)
virtual world.
A concept proposed to align the physical and virtual
worlds, minimizing experiential artifacts. It focuses
on syncing physical actions with virtual feedback
to create a congruent reality, including mirroring
body language and emotional expressions in virtual
and real worlds.
Synthetic personalities
Fully artificial digital influencers and identities
generated through AI training, not tied to any spe-
cific human individual.

METAVERSE
FORM FACTOR

METAVERSE FORM FACTOR

Headsets Meta’s substantial price hike compared to Smart Glasses
While early virtual reality headsets offered its predecessor indicates a strategic piv- Developments in smart glasses aim to
consumers an escapist diversion, the tech- ot from targeting general consumers to make spatial computing technology sub-
nology is maturing, and developers are now focusing on enterprise applications. This tle yet powerful in daily life. In a landmark
targeting more pragmatic industries and repositioning places the headset in direct September 2023 announcement, Meta
experiences. The Meta Quest 3, for instance, competition with established enterprise-fo- collaborated with EssilorLuxottica to unveil
brings a 30% improvement in screen reso- cused devices like Microsoft’s HoloLens 2 Ray-Ban glasses with built-in AI capabilities.
lution, faster processing speed, and a sleek- and Magic Leap 2. Sony’s version, the SonyXR Resembling traditional Ray-Bans in design,
er design. Most notably, outward-facing Headset is primarily tailored for industrial these glasses integrate multimodal sensors
passthrough cameras allow wearers to view applications, aiming to integrate various to interpret the user’s gaze and voice com-
both physical and virtual surroundings. This production stages, such as design and mands. Whether the wearer is curious about
“mixed reality” mitigates the isolating feel prototyping, into the metaverse. By allowing a building or needing a sign translated, Me-
of previous models. Apple’s forthcoming users to construct 3D design models, the ta’s assistant can provide answers without
Vision Pro is also set to incorporate similar headset helps spot and fix problems while hand gestures. Snap plans similar AI inte-
passthrough technology, highlighting an in- plans are still digital, saving money previ- gration for contextual recommendations and
dustry-wide acknowledgment of the need for ously spent on faulty physical prototypes. on-lens edits. Apple likewise has plans to
more interactive and less isolating VR expe- introduce augmented reality glasses, though
Rather than pure escapism, developers seem
riences. The Vision Pro will launch with an ex- details are still forthcoming. Meanwhile, Mi-
concentrated on increasing VR/AR function-
pansive app library spanning entertainment crosoft recently patented swappable batter-
ality across specialized fields moving for-
to productivity. Major streaming services like ies for extended power, potentially enabling
ward. Allowing real environment interaction
Disney+, ESPN, and Amazon Prime Video will comfortable all-day wear by reducing weight.
reflects acknowledgment of earlier issues
be available alongside work apps like Micro- Offloading processing functions to con- Though slimmer smart glasses would blend into
in consumer adoption, while enterprise and
soft 365, Slack and Zoom. nected accessories like backpacks presents social settings better than bulky virtual reality
sensory enhancement applications point to
another option for portable use. headsets, battery limitations pose ongoing chal-
an evolving market for the technology.
lenges to unlocking the full capabilities of the
sleeker wearable technology.

In early 2024, BMW introduced AR technol- Haptic Wearables tracking systems like Sony’s full body suit
ogy in their cars with the help of XrealAir 2 Virtual worlds to date have focused primarily loaded with sensors, the building blocks are
AR glasses. These glasses show navigation, on visual and auditory immersion, but repli- falling into place for the creation of deeply
entertainment, and electric car charging cating tactile sensations presents the next immersive and tactile responsive spaces
information directly to the driver. The intro- frontier for technologies like metaverse plat- within virtual worlds. The end goal is ambi-
duction of smart glasses in vehicles and into forms to conquer. The ability to not just see a tious yet attainable: to produce a metaverse
other parts of our daily life is more than just virtual object but reach out and feel textures, experience that fully engages users across
a technological advance; it’s a societal shift. weights, and movements would provide visual, auditory and, critically, tactile do-
Mobile phones revolutionized the way we in- unprecedented realism. To enable this, mains to enable suspension of disbelief and
teract with the world—pausing to record mo- developers are experimenting with haptic flow state immersion.
ments or look up information. Smart glasses wearables—gloves, vests, or suits equipped
promise the same but with an added layer of Voice, Gesture, and Neural Interfaces
with actuators to simulate different sensa-
immersion: You can live stream your expe- tions through vibration, electrical stimula- Human-computer interaction continues
riences while remaining fully present. How- tion, or even tiny inflatable balloons. Simple progressing beyond phones and screens,
ever, this comes with questions about the vibrational alerts via eccentric rotating leveraging modalities like voice and ges-
implications for interpersonal interactions. mass motors are already featured in smart- ture. Virtual assistants have normalized
Will behavior change in a world where people phones and controllers, priming adaptation conversational AI, powered by robust speech
know they could be continually recorded or for games and 3D virtual environments. recognition models. Startups are unveiling
analyzed by AI? In essence, smart glasses Companies like HaptX are leveraging more experimental devices prioritizing intuitive
aren’t merely a new gadget; they represent a advanced pneumatic glove actuators to rep- interactions, like Humane’s screenless
significant leap toward pervasive computing licate lifelike textures and shapes. Spanish wearable pin, which understands natural
and could fundamentally alter our relation- startup OWO recently unveiled a haptic vest language requests. Meta’s Ray-Ban Stories
Just as touchscreens became widespread in the
ship with technology and each other. using electrical signals to induce sensations glasses allow hands-free voice control, while last decade, voice and gesture control are poised
including bullet impacts or stabbings for their VR headsets track hand motions to to be the next major methods for interacting with
gaming and live entertainment applications. manipulate virtual objects. Apple’s Vision computers.
As these devices advance alongside motion Pro will combine subtle finger gesture rec-

ognition with eye tracking, enabling users to virtual objects. To deepen sensory immer- Movement in the Metaverse vidual users, featuring a concave design and
simply look at and point to items they want to sion without physical temperature changes, Disney has developed a new flooring tech- special shoe covers for a realistic walking sen-
select in an augmented environment. Wisear, University of Tsukuba researchers simulate nology called HoloTile that allows users to sation. Additionally, Freedom Technologies is
a French startup, is pushing the boundaries persistent cold sensations through gentle walk freely in any direction without actually working on specialized shoes with AI-enabled
even further with experimental smart ear- air blasts. This exploits the body’s sensitivity moving from their fixed location. Described motorized treadmills in the soles, allowing
buds that detect facial muscle movements to rapid cooling for virtual weather experi- as the “world’s first multi-person, omnidi- for unlimited virtual movement in a confined
and bioelectrical brain signals. By interpret- ences. In odor transmission, Dr. Yu Xinge’s rectional, modular, expandable treadmill physical space. These innovations represent
ing these neural signals, Wisear envisions team at Beihang University developed wire- floor,” HoloTile uses advanced sensors and different approaches to enhancing virtual
completely silent, hands-free control of devic- less olfactory feedback systems with minia- motors to detect a person’s movement and mobility, and it’s still unclear which will dom-
es through minute gestures like tightening turized odor generators. Integrating face- seamlessly shift modular floor sections to inate the market. The choice may depend on
the jaw. Just as touchscreens have become masks and skin patches, these can simulate keep them centered in place. Multiple people specific use cases and user preferences in VR
ubiquitous over the past decade, emerg- environmental scents ranging from flowers can use the floor simultaneously without and AR experiences.
ing modalities like voice, eye tracking, and to smoke. Startup OVR makes headsets that the risk of colliding. In a demonstration
brain-computer interfaces could fundamen- diffuse cartridge fragrances for personalized video, inventor and imagineer Larry Smoot
tally transform how we engage with technolo- aroma experiences. Advances also continue walks through a virtual environment using
gy in the next 10 years. in spatialized audio for lifelike acoustics. a headset while the HoloTile floor adjusts
Professor Garuda Fujii of Shinshu University dynamically beneath him. This technology
Senses in the Metaverse engineered structures that make sounds opens up new possibilities for virtual reality
Recent advancements in human-machine that seem to originate from different loca- and augmented reality, as well as applica-
interfaces are ushering in a new era of mul- tions. By tricking the ears’ spatial perception, tions like interactive theater where actors
tisensory experiences in VR and AR. On the more convincing augmented soundscapes could explore a scene without constraints.
haptic front, researchers at the University of become achievable. As these technologies Disney isn’t alone in its effort to enable more
California, Santa Barbara have focused ul- mature, they pave the way for unified multi- natural movement in the metaverse. Other
trasound waves to induce tactile sensations sensory environments—where users not only companies are exploring similar technolo-
from afar. This noncontact “haptic hologra- see and hear but feel, smell, and taste simu- gies for natural movement in virtual spaces.
phy” allows users to perceive and manipulate lated worlds for unprecedented presence. Virtuix has developed a VR treadmill for indi-

SCENARIOS
SCENARIO YEAR 2030
A House Divided
The Komanduri family finds themselves in a dilemma: a “house divided” not by sports teams or smartphone prefer-
ences, but by their choice of AR/VR ecosystems. The eldest child, Aditya, is an avid fan of Apple’s AR/VR ecosystem,
boasting the latest Apple AR headset and an array of digital accessories. Meanwhile, the younger sibling, Priya, is
deeply immersed in the Meta universe, equipped with the newest Meta Quest and a collection of Meta-exclusive digi-
tal games and experiences. This division has led to more than just friendly sibling rivalry; it’s become a logistical and
financial headache for the parents. Planning family activities in the virtual realm is nearly impossible, as each child is
locked into their respective ecosystems, unable to interact or join the same digital spaces.
The financial strain is palpable. The family has to subscribe to two different “family plans” to accommodate both
ecosystems. What’s more, the digital goods and games purchased for Aditya cannot be passed down to Priya, negating
the possibility of “hand-me-downs” that would have been a cost-saving grace. This means doubling up on purchases
for similar experiences or content, a redundancy that’s both frustrating and expensive.
Birthday and holiday gifts have also become a challenge. A game or digital accessory that delights Aditya is incompat-
ible with Priya’s Meta setup, and vice versa. This has led to careful, sometimes stressful planning to ensure equity and
satisfaction for both children, further adding to the family’s expenses.

DIGITAL
IDENTITY

DIGITAL IDENTITY
Avatars create not only their virtual selves but also es and actions. As such, the issue of avatar clones of individuals—capturing intricate
Avatars have matured beyond static profile the worlds they inhabit. This development portability is inextricably linked to debates facial details, expressions, and motions. Two
images into multifaceted digital represen- opens up new opportunities for user engage- about data ownership. When an avatar can methods exist for generating these sophis-
tations in virtual spaces. Initially serving ment and potentially impacts how busi- cross platforms, there’s a tacit understand- ticated models. Companies like Doob utilize
as basic profile pictures, modern avatars nesses operate in virtual environments. As ing that its underlying data should also be full body scans in studios, comprehensively
manifest as interactive 3D entities capable avatars grow increasingly sophisticated in portable. But who owns that data, especially recording the user’s physical form. Alterna-
of conversation, environmental navigation, mimicking human appearance, motion, and as avatars become increasingly sophisticat- tively, apps like Avatar SDK and itSeez3D
and even simulated physical mannerisms. interaction modalities, they reinforce their ed and personalized, is a point of contention. enable DIY facial scanning directly through
As online activities shift from websites and status as our digital surrogates across the The issue is even more critical when consid- smartphone cameras. By taking a 360 degree
apps toward immersive extended reality (XR) internet’s burgeoning virtual frontiers. ering that some metaverse companies aim image of their face and shoulders, users can
metaverse experiences, avatars are becoming to become comprehensive platforms for a craft impressively realistic avatar likenesses.
Avatar Portability wide range of activities, from reading news Integrating natural language processing and
our primary digital personas—used for social
connections, commerce, and professional Avatar portability in the metaverse, as facil- to socializing to shopping. In such a scenar- vocal mimicry, these avatars graduate beyond
meetings. Microsoft enables Teams users to itated by companies like Ready Player Me, io, the platform that hosts your avatar could appearances to also simulate voices, produc-
utilize 3D avatars for calls, animated by voice intersects with larger discussions about have significant power and control over a ing holistic digital surrogates. One pioneering
cues to function sans webcams. And a 2023 data portability and ownership. Ready Player large swath of your personal data. So, while example was during the recent taping of Lex
podcast hosted in the metaverse demonstrat- Me and its partner, Koji, offer users the abili- Ready Player Me’s tools for avatar creation Fridman’s podcast with Mark Zuckerberg in
ed major upgrades in avatar realism, utilizing ty to create a unified digital identity that can and portability offer users the ability to the metaverse. Utilizing Meta’s advanced “co-
lifelike models of Mark Zuckerberg and Lex migrate across over 200 games and virtual maintain a consistent digital identity across dec avatars,” their uncannily realistic digital
Fridman. This noticeable leap from previous experiences. While this offers convenience the metaverse, they also open up broader doubles exhibited nuanced mannerisms and
cartoonish renditions drew significant public and customization, it raises questions about discussions about data ownership and por- conversations.
and investor interest by making broader who truly owns these digital identities. Your tability in virtual spaces.
As solutions like HeyGen’s AI-powered Avatar
metaverse goals appear more attainable. avatar, after all, is a form of data. Whether
Hyperrealistic Avatars Clones push fidelity even further, lines blur
Companies like Genies are further expanding it’s a visual approximation of you based on
between actual and simulated realities. While
the scope and utility of avatars by working uploaded photos or a purely imaginative cre- Hyperrealistic avatars leverage 3D graphics
constructive applications await in gaming, en-
on open, decentralized systems that let users ation, the avatar is shaped by your preferenc- and AI to produce nearly identical digital

DIGITAL IDENTITY
terprise metaverses, and beyond, deep ethical For marketers reliant on data analytics, such playing circumscribed roles on WhatsApp,
questions emerge around authentic digital compartmentalized self-representation Messenger, and Instagram. And deepfake
identity and behavior. Ultimately though, as poses challenges. When consumers have technology already allows for CGI actor sub-
avatar technology continues maturing to multiple discrete avatars, extracting useful stitutions in film or ads without a physically
deliver hyperrealism, it will profoundly trans- signals becomes far more complex. Which present cast. When Bruce Willis retired for
form how we represent ourselves and interact identity should companies target for person- health reasons, his likeness still appeared in
in online spaces. alized advertising? How to accurately track a Russian commercial via a deepfake gener-
preferences when individuals act differently ated by an AI company. To address this issue,
Fragmentation of Virtual Identity across contexts? Ultimately, the fracturing new contract language around “simulation
Without a standardized, universal avatar of singular legible identities into special- rights” is beginning to appear, allowing for
system, users on various digital platforms ized avatars requires businesses to funda- the legal use of an actor’s synthetic likeness
create multiple online personas, each rep- mentally rethink behavioral analysis and in future productions. The music industry
resenting distinct facets of the self or even personalization methodologies. As personas is also tapping into this trend; artists can
entirely fabricated alter-egos. This emerging multiply across the metaverse, understand- now create songs using an AI-generated
paradigm signals a seismic shift in concep- ing users grows increasingly nuanced. voiceprint of musician Grimes, splitting the
tualizations of identity in the digital era. We royalties with her if she approves the collab-
now face not just divergence between our Leasing identity oration. These early examples highlight the
physical and virtual selves but the fragmen- AI is enabling digital replications of celeb- emerging potential to monetize synthetic
tation of singular legible personalities across rities without their active participation or celebrity beyond entertainment—anyone
ever-proliferating online spheres. A glimpse of consent—an ethically murky development could perhaps license out digital persona
this reality already manifests professionally. as likeness rights remain undefined. The rights for conversational AI, branding deals,
An individual may use one avatar, precisely 2023 Hollywood writers’ strike spotlit con- or experiential metaverse content. But thorny
AI is enabling the creation of digital replicas of indi-
modeled after their real-world appearance, cerns around studios exploiting synthetic questions around likeness consent and fair viduals’ appearances and voices, opening avenues
for Microsoft Teams meetings. But the same acting indefinitely sans compensation. Meta compensation remain open, especially as for monetizing identities.
person could adopt a fanciful, anonymized recently launched celebrity chatbots like vir- technology blurs lines between virtual repli-
persona for recreational gaming universes. tual Paris Hilton and Snoop Dogg alter egos, cation and individual autonomy.

DIGITAL IDENTITY
Synthetic Speech banking has become more efficient and supplement to human influencers. In 2023,
Synthetic speech leverages AI to digitally affordable through AI, with some companies the Federal Trade Commission indicated that
mimic human voices, enabling myriad appli- only needing 50 sentences to create a digital virtual influencers must still disclose brand
cations from accessibility tools to creative voice. sponsorships like their human counterparts.
media. With enough training data, models As immersive spaces like the metaverse de-
Synthetic Personalities velop, AI-driven synthetic personas could en-
can precisely replicate the unique vocal sig-
nature of any individual. Startups like HeyGen Beyond mimicking existing personas, large able personalized interactive brand experi-
offer translation services that render person- language models (LLMs) can invent com- ences exceeding static posts. The technology
al video recordings into foreign languages, pletely synthetic yet persuasive media iden- remains nascent—but rapid improvements
while retaining the original speaker’s voice. tities from scratch. After ingesting enough in AI personality exhibition point toward
Meta is also developing real-time speech human data patterns, AI can reliably simu- virtual influencers, celebrities, and beyond
translation to break language barriers using late varied personality dimensions within materializing as bona fide social presenc-
natural voice cloning. And new models need text or embodied conversational agents. Re- es, engineered from data to serve economic
as few as 50 sentences to build vocal profiles, searchers deliberately shape these traits to aims over authentic self-expression.
making synthesis more efficient and accessi- craft AI virtual influencers—novel social me-
ble. Samsung demoed a feature for its Bixby dia personas like Lil Miquela, Noonoouri, and
assistant to verbally respond to calls in a Imma, each boasting 400,000+ Instagram
user’s synthesized voice if they are unable to followers. Instead of cloning celebrities, their
speak. Other applications of speech synthesis personalities and backstories emerge fully
include “voice banking,” where people at risk formed from algorithms to fulfill commercial
of losing their ability to speak due to disease roles. Brands like Coinbase, Maje, and Tiffany
can record samples that AI uses to synthe- & Co. have partnered with these AI-driven
Synthetic personalities are entirely artificial digital
size their voice. This allows them to preserve virtual influencers for endorsements and influencers and identities created by AI, not linked
their unique vocal identity for text-to-speech promotions. The control and presumed to any real human.
systems if they do need it later in life. Previ- brand safety offered by synthetic influenc-
ously expensive and time-consuming, voice ers makes them an attractive alternative or

APPLICATIONS

APPLICATIONS
Virtual Training for Real World Jobs across geography, VR promises scalable and domains from transportation to emergency arthritis, Crohn’s, and ulcerative colitis, health
Virtual reality enables immersive job training measurable skill-building superior to static response. Numerous metropoles worldwide care teams can leverage twins to run clinical
simulations across industries from retail to manuals or lectures. Trainees engage more have embarked on urban twin projects—from scenarios—predicting outcomes of adjusted
medicine, with measurable improvements in senses in contextualized scenarios, enabling Shanghai to Singapore to Chattanooga. The drug regimens to tailor optimal treatments.
information retention and role comprehen- organizations to elevate talent development. city of Chattanooga itself collaborates with The simulations also enable deeper study
sion. Companies like Walmart have incorpo- research institutions on specialized twins of biological drivers and responses in silico.
Industrial True-to-Reality Simulations and examining factors like energy-efficient mo- Medical twins diverge from simplistic avatars
rated VR into training as early as 2017, report-
Digital Twins
ing 5%-10% testing gains versus classical bility infrastructure and pedestrian-vehicle by encapsulating dynamic physical detail
training. Simulations run the gamut from True-to-reality digital twins are revolutioniz- intersection patterns to inform planning. beyond just identities. Researchers ultimately
customer scenarios like Black Friday to oping industries from autonomous vehicles to As cloud computing power scales, digital envision diagnostic, prognostic, and even two-
erational skills like spill cleanups. Maryland smart cities by enabling virtual testing and urban replicas grow increasingly high-fidel- way communication functions as integration
nonprofit Vehicles for Change likewise has optimization of complex real-world systems. ity to run simulations and extract insights with sensor data and AI intensifies.
trainees first pick up VR goggles instead of The University of Michigan developed a unfeasible in the real world. The technology
statistically accurate simulated roundabout However, as computing power expands, digital
physical tools to observe demonstrations and enables observers to holistically visualize,
to rigorously refine self-driving algorithms twins may mature beyond niche medical uses
practice procedures before touching actual quantify, and optimize the intricate orches-
without physical risk. BMW likewise models alone. More advanced systems could maintain
cars. Aviation leaders including Lufthansa tration of modern cities.
exact factory conditions in Nvidia’s Om- dynamic multifaceted models of individuals—
also apply extended reality across domains
niverse platform years before producing a Human Digital Twins incorporating both medical and psychological
from product design to flight crew certifica-
new car to optimize layouts and processes. factors to mimic personality, knowledge, and
tion. The technology provides a low-risk yet re- Research institutions are pioneering medi-
On a macroscale, digital urban twins facili- behaviors. Researchers envision such sophis-
alistic environment to build muscle memory cal digital twins—detailed physiological sim-
tate data-driven planning and governance. tication may eventually enable twins to serve
and mastery of complex tasks, from retail soft ulations of individual patients for person-
South Korean company Naver partnered with as persistent, autonomous virtual agents for
skills to technical maintenance procedures. alized care and quantitative analysis. These
Saudi Arabia to craft cloud-based digital their human counterparts. These highly faith-
Hands-on learning through lifelike simulation complex computational models incorporate
clones of Riyadh and other municipalities. ful digital doppelgängers could seamlessly
before real-world performance allows workers genetic, molecular, and environmental fac-
These foundations centralize infrastructure interact with people and other twins in virtual
to avoid consequences as they develop confi- tors to replicate disease mechanisms with
data to assist long-term development across spaces or the metaverse. They could collabo-
dence. With customizable training exportable high precision. In conditions like rheumatoid

APPLICATIONS
rate in ways impossible for remote humans, for symptom relief. Beyond exposure, the where students identify hazards and dis-
collectively analyzing problems through immersive medium also aids in develop- cuss observations with professors, allowing
continuous data sharing exceeding biological ing coping mechanisms. Recent studies, for more effective training than traditional
cognition limits. such as a pilot project by Stanford Medicine methods. However, while AI tutors in VR
researchers, have also started using VR to can provide tailored feedback like a human
Connected Well-being and VR Assisted address hoarding disorders. Study partici- instructor, human oversight is still needed.
Therapy
pants rehearsed giving up possessions in a A McGill University study found VR trainees
VR is increasingly being recognized as a pow- simulation of their own homes, an exercise with additional human instruction caused
erful tool in the field of psychological therapy that helped them practice organizational less tissue damage and were more precise
and mental health treatment. VR’s origins in and decision-making skills while also de- than those trained by AI tutoring alone. Plat-
mental health date back to 1997, when it was sensitizing them to the emotional distress forms like Fundamental Surgery additionally
first invested in for treating PTSD in military associated with discarding items. As soft- provide sophisticated haptic feedback for
populations. One major application is virtual ware and analytical dashboards improve, VR practicing complex manual tasks from pal-
reality exposure therapy (VRET): leveraging appears poised to mainstream into mental pating tissue to maneuvering instruments.
simulated environments to gradually con- health—blending digital solutions with clin- Its patented HapticVR technology accurately
front patients with anxiety disorders. VRET ical wisdom for more agile, quantified, and simulates the tactile sensations experienced
allows for a controlled and personalized personalized interventions. during surgery, from bone textures to muscle
intervention where patients can confront and and soft tissue interactions. FundamentalVR
become accustomed to the sources of their Medical Metaverse also recently launched its Fundamental Core
anxieties in a virtual setting. The treatment The metaverse enables transformative SDK, a toolkit empowering developers to
has proven to be as effective as traditional innovations in medical education and care create diverse medical training scenarios,
in-person exposure therapy for conditions like delivery via immersive simulation. Medical including multiuser VR experiences.
AR and VR are already utilized in surgical planning
specific phobia and agoraphobia with panic students can now perform virtual neurosur- and training, enabling surgeons and patients to
disorder. Interventions for post-traumatic Beyond training, AR and VR are being used
gery to improve their technical skills before preview expected outcomes. At least one hospital
stress disorder likewise show VR match- for patient care and surgical planning. In
operating on actual patients. The University has used AR headsets during complex surgeries to
ing traditional psychotherapy techniques Cambridge, England, medical students use
of Texas uses a VR “patient safety room” overlay patient data in real-time.

SCENARIOS
SCENARIO YEAR 2037
Exploring Mars with Man’s Best Friend

After strapping on the haptic suit and headset, I’m immersed in a stark reddish-orange alien landscape that can only be Mars. As I “step” forward, I feel the
crunch of strange soil beneath metal feet that are not my own. This body is an extension of mine—its sensors connected directly to my nervous system via a neu-
ral link system. When I lift my foot, the robot lifts its tread. When I reach out my hand, its claw extends. My consciousness inhabits this machine shell millions of
miles away, and I’m seeing Mars directly through my avatar’s camera eyes. Every sensation is mapped from its tactile sensors to my own synapses, blurred with
just enough latency to make the illusion complete. This robot is me, and through it I have stepped onto the surface of another world for the first time.
But what truly anchors me in this extraordinary experience is Moe, my dog. She’s not just lying next to me in the physical world; she’s also here with me on Mars,
in a way. When I adopted Moe, she came with something special: a digital twin. This isn’t a virtual pet; it’s a precise digital clone, created from detailed scans and
biometrics, designed to mimic every physical detail of Moe. Initially, these digital twins were meant for health monitoring, a technological advancement in pet
care. But soon, people realized their comforting potential in strange, digital realms. Here on Mars, as I navigate through vast, sweeping vistas, Moe’s digital twin
is right beside my avatar. As I explore, I occasionally reach down to pet the real Moe, feeling her warm fur, and then I see her digital doppelgänger reacting similar-
ly beside my avatar. It’s a bizarre yet heartwarming experience to have both versions of my best friend with me as I explore this alien world.
As night falls on Olympus Mons, I gaze out transfixed with my loyal dog clone by my side at a view no earthling has witnessed firsthand. Her presence, just like
the real Moe, comforts me—two versions of man’s best friend, one analog, one digital, both equally enthralled by this alien world we get to explore together.

APPLICATIONS
mixed reality headsets to train on “hologram interactive platforms like RoybiVerse and without restriction. This move clearly brings meetups while monetizing exclusive digital
patients,” while Swiss company Arbrea Labs Nanome reconstruct traditional models into focus the ongoing debate about public- content. As immersive media expands, ex-
employs AR and 3D simulation to allow both for more intuitive handling. Learners can ity rights, the legal concept that grants indi- isting regulations around reasonable com-
surgeons and patients to preview expected manipulate molecular structures with their viduals the right to control the commercial pensation, consent, and protections demand
outcomes of plastic surgeries, from nose jobs hands or traverse inside dinosaur anatomy. use of their name and likeness. modernization to address ethical dimensions
to breast augmentations. Surgeons at insti- By blending immersion with interactivity, VR related to identity replication via emerging
At the same time, examples of synthetic me-
tutions like Houston’s MD Anderson Cancer edtech unlocks multisensory comprehen- technologies.
dia featuring well-known actors are growing.
Center utilize AR headsets to overlay patient sion of abstract or ephemeral concepts at
For instance, James Earl Jones authorized Forensic AR / VR
data seamlessly during complex procedures— individual scale.
the use of his iconic Darth Vader voice so AI
establishing a new paradigm of in-situ surgi- AR and VR show great potential in advancing
Synthetic Media in Hollywood could generate it for future “Star Wars” films.
cal guidance. forensics. Sophisticated AR/VR crime scene
Companies like Metaphysic AI are employ-
The rise of synthetic media in Hollywood, ac- simulations facilitate analysis even when the
Education in the Metaverse ing de-aging technology, allowing stars like
celerated by advancements in AI, is bringing physical location remains inaccessible after
Harrison Ford, Tom Hanks, and Robin Wright
Research has indicated the efficacy of VR both opportunity and ethical dilemmas to the fact. Some systems use machine learning
to appear as younger versions of themselves
in enriching learning experiences. Recent the industry. The 2023 Screen Actors Guild and medical imaging to enhance AR-assisted
on screen. In 2022, after a 40-year hiatus,
findings suggest VR contributes to improved strike revolved around usage of talent like- autopsies, leading to more accurate victim
ABBA made a comeback with fresh music,
understanding, heightened attention spans, nesses without clear restrictions. Ironically, identification and determinations of cause
accompanied by their de-aged 3D avatars,
and inclusive access to digitized global cur- during the strikes, Meta and a company of death. A major advantage of AR/VR is the
known as ABBAtars. In 2023, Kiss bid fare-
riculum exceeding geographical constraints. called Realeyes capitalized on the abun- ability to visualize complex forensic data in
well to the stage at their final performance
Real-world implementations demonstrate dance of out-of-work actors by hiring them new ways. AR overlays digital information
in Madison Square Garden—only to reemerge
scalability too. Japan’s N and S high schools for an “emotion study” aimed at making directly onto physical crime scenes, allowing
minutes later as digital avatar versions of
immerse over 6,000 students in collaborative AI-generated avatars appear more human. for dynamic interaction like real-time tagging
themselves, suggesting virtual immortality
virtual classes using Meta Quest headsets. These actors signed away extensive rights of evidence and voice-recorded annotations. In
for these personas powered. Platforms like
Morehouse College’s VR chemistry labs yield “in perpetuity,” allowing their facial expres- the legal system, AR and VR are modernizing
Weverse give K-pop artists opportunities
higher average test scores than conventional sions and other characteristics to be used evidence presentation in courtrooms through
to directly engage followers through virtual
modalities. Beyond supplemental content, by Realeyes, Meta, and third parties almost 3D modeling and mapping to provide an

APPLICATIONS
immersive crime scene experience for judg- ibility of research findings. Agencies like the
es and jurors. This boosts understanding of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
complex evidence sequences. These tech- are already leveraging the metaverse to
nologies also facilitate remote testimony for train scientists in various locations, allow-
improved accessibility. On the training side, ing them to engage in experiential learning
companies like CBF Forensics use realistic VR without the real-world risks. Moreover, the
simulations to deliver cost-effective forensic metaverse allows for the creation of entire-
skills training for law enforcement. While still ly new kinds of experimental spaces. For
emerging, AR and VR integration in forensics instance, scientists could utilize existing
promises to enhance remote capabilities, data and images to develop virtual models
evidence presentation, and training. of far-off places, such as Mars, and remotely
engage with these environments. Howev-
Metaverse-Enhanced Science er, realizing the metaverse’s full promise
The metaverse could significantly enhance requires surmounting adoption obstacles
the effectiveness and reach of science. Its around equipment costs and centralized
interactive, three-dimensional spaces pro- tech giant control.
vide opportunities for unprecedented levels
of collaboration and accessibility in research.
For example, digital replicas of physical labs
can enable scientists around the globe to get
together and discuss and advance projects,
bypassing geographic and logistical con-
straints. Experiments conducted in virtual
environments have the added benefit of being
precisely replicated, improving the reproduc- Digital lab replicas could allow scientists to collaborate and perform virtual experiments mirroring
real-world conditions, reducing costs and increasing accessibility to experimentation.

SCENARIOS
SCENARIO YEAR 2027
Experiential Equations
Daniel slips on a headset, eager to explore the immersive calculus simulator his teacher introduced in class. As the
virtual world loads, Daniel finds himself standing on an abstract grid landscape, with colorful curves undulating in all
directions. He reaches for a squiggly purple function in front of him, knowing that in this virtual world he can physical-
ly interact with the fundamental building blocks of mathematics.
“Today I want you to explore the concept of curvature,” the instructor’s voice emanates from the air. “Take this control-
ler and manipulate the curve in front of you. Get an intuition for how bending changes along the arc.” Daniel reaches
out and takes hold of the squiggly purple function. As he moves his hands, the curve reshapes itself like virtual taffy.
Daniel instantly understands the curve better than equations on paper could convey—he feels how tapered regions
have lower curvature than tight curls.
“Now, let’s step into a derivative’s shoes,” the instructor says. The world blinks, and Daniel’s perspective shrinks. He
has become the orange derivative denoting the curve’s slope! As he glides along the ripples of the function, Daniel
physically experiences each peak and valley in its slope and their full spatial relationship clicks intuitively. The im-
mersive manipulations unlocked conceptual knowledge allowing math to finally make sense. He had felt what those
cryptic formulas tried explaining: that curvature captures the rate of direction change. VR let Daniel enter into mathe-
matics, instead of just staring formulaically. Equations had become experience.

PSYCHOSOCIAL
DYNAMICS &
INCLUSIVITY IN
THE METAVERSE

PSYCHOSOCIAL DYNAMICS AND INCLUSIVITY IN THE METAVERSE

Situated VR VR focuses on syncing physical actions with interacting with someone wearing smart XR Accessibility
In the metaverse, the dissonance between virtual feedback, such as matching natural glasses, people may act differently when Accessibility XR is a growing area of focus,
virtual and real-world experiences often leads movement or object interactions, to create they experience a heightened sense of being aiming to ensure these immersive technolo-
to “experiential artifacts,” a phenomenon a more congruent reality. The approach also observed. This phenomenon is similar to the gies are inclusive for all users, including those
where VR users experience lingering senso- extends to social interactions, ensuring that observer effect in psychology, where indi- with disabilities. Key areas of accessibility
ry and cognitive effects that blur the lines the body language and emotional expres- viduals modify their behavior in response to in XR include sensory, physical, cognitive,
between these two realities. This issue arises sions in virtual environments mirror those their awareness of being watched. In social and universal design aspects. For example,
from the noncongruent realities that users in the real world. The goal is to establish a contexts, this can lead to increased self-con- Google’s ARCore improves environmental
encounter when transitioning between digital hybrid reality that is free from experiential sciousness, anxiety, and potentially altered understanding, crucial for users with visual
and physical spaces. Users may feel a surreal artifacts, prioritizing not just technologi- social dynamics. impairments. The design of XR interfaces is
detachment from their bodies or environ- cal innovation but also the psychosocial evolving to cater to diverse physical abilities,
The introduction of “trust lights” on some
ment, reporting feelings of disembodiment or well-being of users in the metaverse. incorporating features like voice commands
smart glasses, designed to indicate when re-
altered perceptions of the physical world after and eye tracking. Microsoft’s inclusive design
The Panopticon cording is taking place, attempts to mitigate
VR sessions. These experiential artifacts are approach in VR and AR, featuring voice recog-
this effect by providing a visual cue to others
a result of the complex interplay between our The psychological effects of being constantly nition and adaptable controller settings, ex-
about their privacy status. On the Ray-Ban
sensory inputs and past interactions with the filmed, particularly when interacting with emplifies this advancement. Similarly, many
Meta smart glasses for instance, the cam-
world, evolving as we are exposed to various individuals wearing smart glasses, can be companies now offer voiceover support in AR
era will not record if the LED light is covered.
contexts, including virtual environments. Rec- significant and multifaceted. Smart glasses, experiences, aiding visually impaired users
However, the effectiveness of these trust
ognizing the psychological impacts of these which may be always recording or perceived with audio descriptions. Cognitive accessibil-
lights in alleviating concerns about privacy
artifacts, which can range from mild curi- as such, introduce a dynamic similar to the ity is also a priority, particularly for users with
and constant surveillance is not clear-cut.
osity to disorientations affecting daily life. concept of a panopticon in social interac- conditions like autism, necessitating simpli-
While they might offer some reassurance,
Researchers at MIT have proposed “situated tions. The panopticon refers to a system of fied interfaces and controlled sensory inputs.
the underlying tension and psychological
virtual reality” as a solution. This concept, control where individuals are aware that Meta Quest demonstrates this by providing
impact of potential constant recording re-
currently under review for publication in IEEE, they might be watched at any time, leading customizable controls and head tracking op-
main.
aims to align the physical and virtual worlds, to self-regulation of behavior due to the tions for users with limited mobility.
minimizing experiential artifacts. Situated perception of constant surveillance. When

PSYCHOSOCIAL DYNAMICS AND INCLUSIVITY IN THE METAVERSE
Many efforts in the XR accessibility space are are “Unfear” and “Floreo,” which use technol- Cybersickness nausea-related symptoms, with joyful music
underpinned by the principles of universal de- ogy to create supportive spaces for individ- Motion sickness and nausea remain signifi- having a particularly significant impact on re-
sign, aiming to create XR experiences that are uals with ASD. Samsung’s Unfear is an app cant challenges in the mass adoption of vir- ducing the overall intensity of cybersickness.
inclusive and enjoyable for everyone, regard- that uses real-time selective noise filtering tual reality, both for consumer and industrial These research developments offer promising
less of their abilities. Leading this charge are to reduce auditory stress. It targets specific applications. One key issue is proprioception avenues for reducing barriers to VR adoption,
initiatives like the XR Association’s Accessi- sounds that are distressing to the user, of- disorientation, which arises when there’s potentially leading to more personalized and
bility Working Group and the XR Access Initia- fering a more relaxing and fear-free auditory a mismatch between where you perceive enjoyable virtual experiences for users.
tive, which bring together industry, academia, experience. Unfear also extends its function- your limbs to be and their actual spatial
and advocacy groups to research, develop, ality to digital content, like mobile games, fil- position in the virtual environment. Recent
and educate about accessible XR technol- tering out loud sounds to make such media research led by the University of Waterloo
ogies, ensuring that the immersive digital more accessible for those sensitive to audio sheds light on why some individuals are
world is open and welcoming to all. intensity. Though not an AR application per more susceptible to VR-induced “cybersick-
se, Unfear embodies principles that could be ness” than others. The study found that the
Diminished Sensory Overload integrated into AR platforms. Floreo, on the perception of vertical orientation could shift
People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) other hand, directly utilizes AR to replicate after engaging in high-intensity VR experi-
often struggle to process sensory informa- real-life situations in a controlled, less over- ences. This sensory adjustment significantly
tion, finding stimuli like bright lights or loud whelming manner. It’s particularly beneficial influences the severity of cybersickness. The
noises particularly overwhelming. This senso- for teaching social, communicative, and findings could help VR developers create
ry sensitivity can turn routine activities into practical life skills in a secure environment. more comfortable and adaptable experi-
significant challenges. Augmented reality Floreo’s simulated interactions offer a prac- ences by understanding the relationship
presents a promising tool to mitigate these tice platform for users with autism, helping between sensory reweighting and cyber-
sensory integration issues. AR’s ability to cre- them develop skills transferable to everyday sickness susceptibility. In another study,
ate controlled and customized environments life. Both Unfear and Floreo exemplify how ad- researchers found that incorporating music
can gently introduce sensory inputs to those justing sensory inputs and offering flexible into VR experiences can mitigate symptoms
with ASD, allowing them to adapt at a comfort- learning environments can be revolutionary of cybersickness. Both joyful and calming
able pace. Among the innovations in this field for those with ASD. music were shown to reduce the intensity of

SCENARIOS
SCENARIO YEAR 2037
“Visiting” Pregnancy
Due to her age, Lauren was unable to safely carry her pregnancy herself. Instead, her daughter was growing in an artificial womb at a specialized facility. The high-
tech womb was calibrated to Lauren’s own heartbeat and voice via a monitor that she wore at all times, surrounding the growing baby with the familiar, comforting
sounds of its mother. The artificial amniotic fluid was even infused with Lauren’s natural scent through a filtering process.
Today, Lauren is preparing to “visit” her pregnancy. She dons a state-of-the-art haptic suit, designed to simulate the physical sensations of pregnancy. The suit gen-
tly expands around her abdomen, mimicking the gentle pressure and movements of a growing baby. As the virtual nursery flickers into view, Lauren gasps. It was a
line-for-line re-creation of the room her husband Eli was assembling at home, down to the plush rainbow rug and decaled quotes from her favorite children’s books.
As Lauren settles into the metaverse experience, the suit adjusts snugly around her midsection, gently applying pressure to simulate the swell of pregnancy. She
runs her hands along the warm, taut skin, marveling at how real it feels. Lauren feels a sudden thump and lays her hand on her belly. Her daughter is kicking up a
storm today.
The haptic suit is just one part of the experience. The headset she wears is pivotal, not just visually, but also in altering Lauren’s sense of smell to mirror the acute
olfactory sensitivity typical in pregnancy. Scents are intensified, creating a vivid and authentic sensory experience. Furthermore, the headset induces psychologi-
cal states akin to those of pregnancy, fostering a deep emotional bond between Lauren and her unborn child.
As Lauren walks through this virtual world, she speaks softly, knowing that her baby, though miles away in its artificial womb, can hear her. She sings lullabies,
tells stories, and shares her hopes and dreams for their future together. Each word, each note of her song, is transmitted back to the womb, enveloping her baby in
a warm embrace of mother’s love.

EXPERIENCING
IMMERSIVE
WORLDS

EXPERIENCING IMMERSIVE WORLDS

World Building on Blockchain While the idealized vision of the metaverse to feelings of solitude, the complexity of AR Lenses and Filters
Advocates of the metaverse and blockchain and blockchain both emphasize decentral- navigation, and a deficiency in compelling AR lenses overlay real-time digital informa-
share a core principle: decentralization. In ization, it’s worth noting that many plat- content—revealing a stark contrast between tion onto the physical world. Simple AR filters
the metaverse, this manifests as an open forms, like Meta’s proposed metaverse, may the high ambitions of brands and the actual and lenses have long been a staple of social
network of interconnected virtual worlds as operate as closed ecosystems. user experience. The concept of a metaverse media, enabling users to add digital enhance-
opposed to closed, proprietary platforms. festival has also been embraced by Coachel- ments to their faces in real time. But these
Events in the Metaverse la 2023, in partnership with “Fortnite.” This
Some advocates argue that when built on playful features are just the beginning; AR
blockchain, the metaverse can offer true The metaverse shows promise as the next collaboration introduced a new dimension to technology is becoming more sophisticat-
digital ownership through NFTs, by allowing frontier for virtual experiences by creat- music festivals, combining iconic Coachella ed by leveraging generative AI. Snapchat’s
users to own, trade, and monetize virtual ing immersive 3D environments mirroring elements with the interactive and boundless Cosmic Lens feature is a case in point, for
assets like land and avatars. Blockchain’s real-world settings. Gaming, an early adopt- nature of the “Fortnite” universe. Weverse using generative AI to transform the user’s
transparent and immutable record-keeping er of shared digital spaces, has expanded has become a central hub for virtual K-pop environment into an animated cosmic back-
lends credibility to digital ownership claims, its virtual horizons beyond gameplay into events, where fans can engage with their drop. Filters like TikTok’s “Bold Glamour” echo
while its interoperability allows assets and events and social interactions. Games like favorite idols’ avatars in a digital concert this trend, offering hyperrealistic effects with
user profiles to carry seamlessly across “Roblox” and “Fortnite” have been pioneers, setting. This virtual space not only hosts the help of AI. Furthering the integration of AR
metaverse environments. Examples like The transforming their platforms into concert concerts but also fosters fan interactions, into daily life, Snapchat is now streamlining
Sandbox demonstrate this in practice—users venues for top-tier artists, creating a new proving that the metaverse can indeed the user experience by introducing intelli-
can build, own, and sell their game creations paradigm for live performances. In 2023, re-create the vibrancy of live events in a gent recommendations for lenses based on
through a dynamic, collective ecosystem. Decentraland hosted its second Metaverse digital format. As these digital spaces evolve, environmental context—such as the weather
Other platforms like Hyperfy and Voxels, both Fashion Week, featuring over 60 fashion the focus must shift toward user experience or the time of day—using advanced visual
running on the Ethereum blockchain, provide brands, including heavyweights like Balen- to ensure the metaverse can fully realize its recognition and API integration. Snap has also
tools for users to design, construct, and trade ciaga, Adidas, and Coach. While this event potential as a platform for communal and announced plans to introduce AR mirrors in
entire worlds they own. This fusion of block- showcased the allure and possibilities interactive events. Converting isolated soli- retail stores, allowing customers to see how
chain and the metaverse not only democra- within the metaverse, it also cast light on its tary activities into bonded social occasions clothes would look on them in Nike stores and
tizes virtual space but also enables a more current developmental infancy, evidenced remains contingent on platform maturation. in Men’s Wearhouse locations without the
trustworthy and interconnected digital reality. by the participant feedback that spoke

need to change outfits. This effort is part of a fusion of holograms with deepfake technol- ARHT Media has also introduced Capsule,
broader move to integrate AR technology into ogy and synthetic media is paving the way a versatile holographic display designed
the physical world, including at music festi- for their use in everyday settings. Already, to shine in any lighting condition, perfect
vals and even in vending machines. Brands holography has enabled the creation of vir- for captivating audiences in cinema lob-
like Ikea are also leveraging filters to enhance tual concerts featuring past celebrities, and bies. This technology allows live hologram
the customer’s shopping journey at home. it holds the potential for production compa- presenters to interact with people across
Using smartphones’ lidar sensors, Ikea’s AR nies to bring popular synthetic characters distances, and it can showcase prerecorded
tools allow customers to replace their exist- and celebrities into our physical world as content that engages viewers through inter-
ing furniture with detailed 3D models of new interactive entities. For instance, Ukrainian active touchscreens. The potential applica-
items. Similarly, retail giants Walmart and President Volodymyr Zelenskyy harnessed tions are vast, ranging from advertising and
Amazon have successfully adopted AR to en- this technology for remote addresses across immersive trailers to live talent meet-and-
able customers to visualize products in their European cities using Canadian firm ARHT greets and product demonstrations. In the
own space before making a purchase, wheth- Media’s state-of-the-art holographic tech- pursuit of more lifelike holographic projec-
er it’s placing furniture or trying on glasses. nology, speaking from within his country tions, researchers have developed three-di-
amid conflict. The Hologram Zoo in Brisbane, mensional scattering-assisted dynamic
Holograms Australia, presents a new way for people to holography (3D-SDH), which greatly enhanc-
Holography is a technique that records and experience wildlife. Here, holograms cre- es the depth resolution of 3D images. This
displays objects in three dimensions, mak- ate lifelike depictions of animals, such as cutting-edge method could revolutionize
ing them either stand still or move just like a herd of elephants charging toward and how we interact with virtual environments by
real objects. It’s more than just a 3D picture; then seemingly through the spectators. This offering a much richer, more detailed expe-
it can show every detail of a person’s face attraction makes holographic technology rience.
or body in motion. This capability is becom- more accessible by significantly reducing
Metaverse real estate offers long-term prospects for
ing increasingly important for the future of costs, thus avoiding the ethical dilemmas Real Estate in the Metaverse
virtual land as spaces for community, commerce,
augmented reality and virtual reality, partic- of captive wildlife exhibits and offering an Real estate in the metaverse is emerging as and creativity, free from physical limitations.
ularly as we look to populate the metaverse immersive educational experience. a new digital frontier where people can buy,
with realistic avatars and environments. The develop, and experience virtual land and

properties. Though still nascent, metaverse architectural angles and dreamlike floating gible prototype that exemplifies the vision Worlds for the Enterprise
real estate is drawing interest from individual spheres. Mirroring real world tactics, tradi- of a global community coming together in Major tech companies are racing to make
investors, corporations, and even real world tional home builders like KB Home have also a digital realm. The village is structured to virtual collaboration a reality for enterprises.
real estate companies. In metaverses like established presences to showcase model facilitate impactful interactions, with areas Microsoft is integrating Mesh directly into
The Sandbox and Decentraland, virtual land homes. They aim to reach new demograph- such as a Virtual Congress Centre akin to a Teams to allow coworkers to join 3D meetings
is sold as NFTs on blockchain. Parcels near ics and drum up interest in real-life offer- digital town hall for hosting various future as avatars, sans VR headset. This aligns Mesh
popular virtual spaces or owned by celebrities ings. While speculative now, advocates see meetings and sessions. It also compris- with Microsoft’s everyday work tools after an
can sell for hundreds of thousands of dollars long-term potential for virtual real estate as es immersive collaborative centers that initial failed launch as a standalone develop-
or more. The overall metaverse real estate immersive spaces for community building, serve as hubs for engaging storytelling and er platform. Mesh now focuses on enabling
market is estimated to be worth over $1 bil- commerce, and creativity. The metaverse spreading the Forum’s insights on critical Teams’ 320 million users to have more engag-
lion. Corporations like Adidas and Atari, and provides freedom from physical constraints issues, fostering a collaborative spirit aimed ing meetings using spatial audio, simulated
celebrities like Snoop Dogg have purchased to create imaginative environments. at real-world change. Partners of the Forum environments like a virtual lake house, and
virtual land to host branded experiences, dig- have the opportunity to carve out their vir- AI features like virtual whiteboards. Microsoft
ital HQs, stores, and spaces. One buyer paid Worlds for Purpose tual campuses, allowing them to rally their is betting its massive user base will propel
$450,000 to become Snoop’s neighbor in the The metaverse is being harnessed for signifi- stakeholders and drive forward initiatives to adoption despite strong startup competitors
virtual world. cant causes, transcending beyond a mere solve worldwide problems. Simultaneously, like Jugo and Frame also offering immersive
digital escape into a platform for meaningful The Sandbox’s Wistaverse has emerged as a meeting solutions. Jugo similarly provides
Some companies are taking it further by pioneering virtual protest platform, offering
global action. The World Economic Forum 3D collaboration spaces for remote teams to
developing conceptual virtual homes and a secure space for worldwide activism and
has taken a pioneering step by introduc- brainstorm ideas on virtual whiteboards or
structures with architectural firms. Every- education. Its goal is to empower users to
ing the Global Collaboration Village in the conduct meetings as customizable avatars.
realm, a metaverse technology and infra- engage in nonviolent protest and discourse,
metaverse, a collaborative effort with Ac- Frame uses volumetric video to generate
structure company, has partnered with removing the risks associated with physical
centure and Microsoft. This virtual space photorealistic avatars, targeting enterprises
artists like Misha Kahn and Daniel Arsham gatherings.
is dedicated to convening organizations seeking hyperrealism. These companies aim
to create an imaginative collection of digital
to address, brainstorm, and act on global to make remote collaboration more natural by
homes called The Row. These futuristic virtual
crises. It was revealed during the Annual simulating the nuances of in-person interac-
abodes feature melting, Salvador Dali-esque
Meeting 2023 in Davos, showcasing a tan- tions. Though still early, some companies are

piloting these technologies to enable hybrid land and earn rewards through daily activi-
teams to work together more intuitively. Mic- ties and can use their NFTs to decorate their
rosoft’s integration into Teams gives it a dis- virtual space. The well-known game “Mine-
tribution advantage, but the space remains craft” is also considered a virtual economy,
competitive as startups offer differentiated allowing players to trade items, and this
features around customization and realism. concept of in-game value is amplified in the
metaverse.
Play-to-Earn and Virtual Marketplaces
Marketplaces like OpenSea act as trad-
Play-to-earn games fuse gaming and econom-
ing hubs for these virtual goods, allowing
ics in metaverse environments by enabling
the digital assets from various metaverse
players to generate real-world value through
games to be bought and sold, underpin-
virtual gameplay. Leveraging blockchain
ning the economic potential of play-to-earn
technology, these games establish in-game
games. Exponential growth potential looms
assets like fantasy creatures or virtual land
as financial institutions like JPMorgan
as tradable NFT commodities. This diverges
strategically support metaverse transaction
from traditional in-game items, where items
platforms like Tilia. Seamless fiat curren-
lack external utility or ownership portability
cy interchangeability can further expand
after usage. Instead, metaverse games facili-
adoption and capital inflow. Just as physical
tate exchange of digital goods for cryptocur-
economies rely on agreeing on currency, unit
rency or fiat money. “Axie Infinity’’ is a pioneer
of account, and other standards, maturing
in this space, where players breed, raise, and
these fundamentals will shape the trajectory
battle fantasy creatures called Axies, with in-
of blockchain-based virtual marketplaces.
game transactions involving Ethereum-based
The fusion of play and profitability through
cryptocurrencies. “My Neighbor Alice’” also
ownership of digital goods represents merely
offers a blockchain twist to casual farming Players can earn real-world value in virtual environments through gameplay, with blockchain allowing for
the first stage.
simulators, where players can buy virtual the acquisition and trading of digital assets such as NFTs.

SCENARIOS
SCENARIO YEAR 2027
Cosplay Category Announcement

Welcome to the 2027 Super Cosplay Con—the world’s premier cosplay convention where physical reality converges
with the virtual multiverse. This year’s Super Cosplay Con is enabled by augmented reality glasses that project 3D
avatars and effects, blurring the lines between the real and virtual worlds. The costume contest categories reflect the
multifaceted experiences of Super Cosplay Con attendees.
The Digital Division honors stunning costumes crafted entirely from interoperable assets across different metaverses.
Contestants proudly display their creativity in mixing and matching skins, accessories, and effects from platforms
like Cryptoverse, Mara, and VRealms.
The Physical Division shines the spotlight on traditional handcrafted costumes made with real-world materials. Cos-
players spent months bringing elaborate costumes to life with fabric, foam, paint, and painstaking detail. Their devo-
tion to practical craftsmanship is on full display.
The Mixed Reality Division highlights the best blended costumes—real-world apparel taken to the next level through
digital avatars and AR enhancements viewable through attendees’ smart glasses. A knight’s armor appears charred
from virtual dragon fire, while a wizard’s cloak billows from fabricated wind.
Hope to see you at Super Cosplay Con!

METAVERSE
INFRASTRUCTURE

METAVERSE INFRASTRUCTURE
Interoperability individual platform silos. However, the forth- and Information Technology (MIIT) is looking Developer Tools and Application Building
Blocks
Interoperability is fundamental for the envi- coming challenge lies in interlinking these to set standards for the metaverse industry,
sioned metaverse: Akin to the universal stan- silos themselves. This necessity will grow which they see as crucial for promoting a The creation of the metaverse is driven by a
dards of today’s internet, it would allow seam- more pronounced as enterprise applications healthy and orderly market development. diverse array of developer tools, many of which
less data exchange and interaction across converge and as the demand for cross-plat- China’s stance is to address the challenges are open source to align with the metaverse’s
various systems and technologies. This func- form 3D assets increases. in the metaverse sector—such as the lack principles of inclusivity and community-driv-
tionality is essential to enable asset transfer of clear definitions that can lead to market en development. This democratic approach to
Government Investment speculation—by providing standardization building virtual spaces is crucial, as it allows
and identity management across diverse dig-
ital and physical spaces, and its importance Government investment in the metaverse and guidance. South Korea has also made for a metaverse that is crafted by its users,
is highlighted in the World Economic Forum’s is emerging as a key strategy for foster- significant strides by investing 24 billion rather than solely by large corporations. This
2023 briefing paper, “Interoperability in the ing economic growth and innovation, with Korean won ($18.1 million) in a fund dedicat- method of construction by a passionate user
Metaverse.” As companies advance in inte- several nations recognizing the potential of ed to metaverse initiatives, recognizing the base contributes to the metaverse’s unique
grating within their platform silos, the chal- this digital space. By supporting metaverse difficulties local companies face in securing and innovative nature. A prime example is
lenge shifts to connecting these silos to meet infrastructure, governments aim to create private investments due to the risks as- the “Roblox” platform where a majority of
the growing demands for cross-platform 3D new jobs, attract businesses, and enhance sociated with emerging technologies. The creators are under 18 years old. These young
assets. Facilitating this effort, the Metaverse the lives of their citizens. Dubai’s Metaverse government’s support extends to helping developers use Roblox Studio to craft their
Standards Forum, formally incorporated in Strategy is a prime example, where the with mergers and acquisitions and ensur- own games, employing Luau—a version of
April 2023, brings together a consortium of city plans to become a global hub for the ing domestic firms can compete on a global the programming language Lua. The plat-
organizations to foster interoperability, not blockchain and metaverse sectors by 2030. scale. In a tangible demonstration of their form facilitates creativity and entrepreneur-
by creating standards themselves but by This strategy aims to support over 40,000 commitment, Seoul launched a digital twin ship, allowing these young creators to earn
producing technical reports, best practices, virtual jobs and increase the number of in the metaverse with a substantial govern- through game passes and microtransactions,
and guidelines. This collaboration is crucial blockchain companies fivefold, as part of ment investment, underscoring the impor- a testament to the economic potential within
for developing the necessary standards to the UAE’s broader vision to create one of the tance of the metaverse in urban and social the metaverse. Tools like the Ethereal Engine
build a cohesive and functional metaverse. smartest cities worldwide. Similarly, China development. (XREngine) support this creative explosion,
Businesses have made significant progress is focusing on the metaverse as part of its offering open-source capabilities for crafting
in integrating various elements within their technology strategy. The Ministry of Industry immersive and interactive 3D experiences.

METAVERSE INFRASTRUCTURE
Platforms like Webaverse extend the creative sion and averting problems such as motion mand high bandwidth and reliable networks
frontier further into decentralization, allowing sickness. To address this challenge, re- to process and transmit extensive visual
developers to build and interact with dApps searchers from MIT and Microsoft developed data for immersive experiences. The roll-
within the metaverse. What’s unique about the Ekho system, which synchronizes audio out of 5G by major US carriers like AT&T,
the metaverse developer tools is how they streams across different devices. The system Verizon, T-Mobile, and Dish Network is a
empower builders, many of whom are young works by embedding subtle white noise game-changer, offering up to 10 times the
and passionate users, to take ownership of sequences into the audio stream sent from bandwidth of 4G, with speeds up to 10 giga-
their creations. This participatory culture is the cloud server, which are then picked up bits per second, lower latency, and greater
fueling the metaverse’s growth into a rich, by the audio sensors in the player’s control- reliability. These features are key to avoiding
vibrant digital ecosystem where innovation is ler or other devices. Ekho’s core mechanism disruptions in the metaverse, ensuring a
constant and opportunities are vast. involves continuously monitoring the time seamless alternate reality experience. China,
lag between the sent and received audio as an early adopter and implementer of 5G,
Interdevice Synchronization streams through these white noise markers. exemplifies the impact of this technology on
Interdevice synchronization is a vital com- When a delay is detected, Ekho promptly the development of virtual and augmented
ponent in constructing the infrastructure of adjusts the timing, aligning the streams to reality applications. With a large user base
the metaverse, as it guarantees a unified and achieve near-perfect synchronization. This in VR and AR, China is quickly becoming a
real-time interaction across various devices advancement by MIT and Microsoft research- leading market in this field. The symbiotic
in AR and VR settings. This has been a signifi- ers marks a significant leap forward in relationship between 5G and the metaverse
cant hurdle to overcome. In environments like enhancing the overall quality and realism of is evident here; the metaverse benefits from
online gaming and virtual workspaces, where virtual experiences in the burgeoning field of 5G’s widespread access, reliable connectiv-
multiple users engage in a shared virtual the metaverse. ity, and the ability for XR devices to offload
space, synchronization is key to ensuring processing to the edge of the network. This
For a seamless metaverse with low latency, it de-
a smooth and coherent experience for all 5G for the Metaverse mutual enhancement, evidenced in China’s pends on network connectivity, making 5G a crucial
participants. It is also crucial for accurately The advancement of 5G technology is rapid growth in VR, is paving the way for enabling technology.
replicating user movements within the virtual required for the metaverse to reach its full more comprehensive and globally accessible
realm, thereby enhancing the sense of immer- potential, as metaverse applications de- metaverse experiences.

AUTHORS &
CONTRIBUTORS

AUTHORS & CONTRIBUTORS
SAM JORDAN Chief Executive Officer

Manager AMY WEBB
Sam Jordan is a Manager at Future Today Institute. She leads our Advanced Comput- Managing Director
ing practice area, which includes technology, artificial intelligence, virtual realities, MELANIE SUBIN
networking, telecommunications, and space. She is a distinguished practice area
lead, where she enables organizations to navigate through uncertainty with inno- Creative Director
vative strategies. With a proven track record across various sectors, Sam’s visionary EMILY CAUFIELD
leadership has driven growth and resilience for Future Today Institute’s global clients and partners.
Editor
Before joining FTI, Sam was the CEO and co-founder of TrovBase, a secure data discovery and analysis-sharing plat- ERICA PETERSON
form. Sam grew the company from idea to launch and executed the company’s transition from scientific replication to
its current focus. In parallel, Sam engaged with the open science community, advocating for better data management Copy Editor
practices to address challenges in scientific replication. Previously, she worked for IBM, where she helped large enter- SARAH JOHNSON
prises in the retail and distribution sector modernize their IT stack. Her expertise centered around mainframes, assisting
Director of Operations
with the integration of new software and modern methodologies to legacy systems.
CHERYL COONEY
Sam is a coach in the strategic foresight MBA course at the NYU Stern School of Business. She holds a BS in Economics
and Data Analysis from George Mason University and an MBA from New York University’s Stern School of Business.

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2024 TECH TRENDS REPORT • 17 TH EDITION

METAVERSE • NEW REALITIES

FUTURE TODAY INSTITUTE’S 2024 TECH TREND REPORT

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THE YEAR AHEAD: TECH SUPERCYCLE

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expectations. a reset in the industry’s approach.

04 Deepfakes Emerge as a Concern Ahead of Election Cycle

05 Early Adopters Explore Digital Twins for the Enterprise

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SEPTEMBER 28, 2023 N OV E M B E R 1 5 , 2 0 2 3

Meta Town Hall Highlights AR Metaverse Medical Market

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LIKELY NEAR TERM DEVELOPMENTS

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WHY METAVERSE & NEW REALITIES TRENDS MATTER TO YOUR ORGANIZATION

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Forecasted Time of Impact

Digital twins in manufacturing Holograms Decentralized identity Full interoperability

Hands-free virtual Enterprise XR collaboration Spatial mapping

Photo-realistic avatars Spatial computing 6G-enabled metaverse

Multifactor biometric sensing Digital twins in health

Normalized use of avatars

0-4 YEARS 5-9 YEARS 10-14 YEARS 15+ YEARS

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OPPORTUNITIES & THREATS

INVESTMENTS AND ACTIONS TO CONSIDER

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METAVERSE FORM FACTOR

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METAVERSE FORM FACTOR

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METAVERSE FORM FACTOR

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SCENARIO YEAR 2030

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SCENARIO YEAR 2037

Exploring Mars with Man’s Best Friend

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SCENARIO YEAR 2027

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PSYCHOSOCIAL DYNAMICS AND INCLUSIVITY IN THE METAVERSE

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PSYCHOSOCIAL DYNAMICS AND INCLUSIVITY IN THE METAVERSE

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