‫الموضوع الثاني‬

Part I: Reading (15 pts)

A) Comprehension and interpretation of the text. (7 pts)

Read the text below then do the activities that follow.

Despite the significant decrease in the number of irregular migrants arriving in Europe, migrant smuggling remains a
profitable and widespread criminal activity for organised crime in the European Union (EU).

Since the migration crisis in 2015, the migrant smuggling business has established itself as a large, lucrative criminal
market and migrant smuggling continues to represent a highly-profitable business in which criminal organisations enjoy a
low risk of detection. The business model of criminals involved in this crime is continuously evolving and responding to
the dynamics and the needs of the migratory flows. Many factors, including policy developments, law enforcement
activities, as well as budget and travel preferences of irregular migrants, have an impact on the migration routes and
means used by migrant smugglers. Criminals quickly adapt to changes and show great variations in the means of transport
and technologies they use. They are becoming more and more organised, establishing sophisticated professional
networks, operating transnationally from source towards destination countries.

The head of the European Migrant Smuggling Centre, Robert Crepinko said: "Migrant smuggling to and within the EU is
likely to remain a criminal threat. In order to fight this crime more effectively, it is important to anticipate the
developments of new modes of operations and shifts in the criminal market. Among others, use of advanced technology,
especially related to document fraud, increased use of genuine documents, and abuse of visa-free travel, are expected to
significantly impact the migrant smuggling business in the future."

Adapted from the net

1. Copy the correct answer: 1 pt

A. The text is taken from: a. an advertisement b. a speech c. a web article

B. The text mainly discusses the issue of:

a. Legal migration in Europe b. African Migrant smugglers c. Migrant smuggling in Europe

2. Are the following statements true or false according to the text? (2 pts)

a. Migrant smugglers has dropped in recent years.

b. Migrant smuggling is an unethical activity.

c. Criminals barely cope with the changes of anti-smuggling policies.

d. Technology will certainly be widely used in the fight against people smuggling.

3. Answer the following questions according to the text. (3 pts)

a. Why do people smugglers in the EU change their routes and modes?

b. Do illegal immigrants take one route or they transit between countries?

c. Do you think that the EU will be able to end people smuggling into their countries? Why or Why not?

4. Who or what do the words in bold refer to in the text? (1 pts)

 itself §1 they§2

II. Text Exploration: ( 8 pts)

1. Find in the text opposite in meaning to: 1.5

limited §1 fake §3 backward §3

2. Divide the words into affixes. 1.5 pt

Profitable - irregular - effectively - document - continuously - migration

prefix root suffix

3. Link the pairs of sentences using the connector in brackets. Make necessary changes. 3 pts

A. Migrant smuggling continues. All countries are committed to fight it. (as long as)

B. The EU witnessed a great flow of migrants. Many Europeans protested against illegal migration. (such .... that)

C. The number of irregular migrants has decreased. migrant smuggling remains a profitable criminal activity. (though)

Reorder the sentences below to get a coherent paragraph. 2 pts

A. because the don’t bother with borders or any official formalities.

B. without passport or visa, risking their lives on boats.

C. The harraga are people trying to leave the country,

D. In the Maghreb, these would-be migrants immigrants are called harraga, ‘burners’,

Part II: writing ( 5 pts)

Choose ONE of the following topics

Topic one: Using the following notes, write a speech of about 100 words to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to
condemn illegal migrants (harraga) smugglers.

- risk their lives/ lives of the youth - bribing officials to go unnoticed - stealing the money of the harraga

- violating laws of their countries and destinations countries as well.

Topic two: You have read or watched a documentary about an ancient civilisation. In a short composition,
write a short composition in which you talk about a civilisation of your choice; how it began, flourished and
collapsed.