PART ONE: Reading (15 points)

A) Comprehension (07 points)

Read the text carefully then do the following activities.
Corruption is perhaps best described as a malign force which perpetuates poverty, sows insecurity and robs the
world’s most vulnerable people of desperately needed public services. It can manifest in many forms, from
criminal acts like bribery, extortion and embezzlement to highly questionable, but sometimes legal practices
like nepotism, patronage and cronyism. Most corruption takes place in the shadows, away from the prying eyes
of public scrutiny, and this sometimes makes its precise impact difficult to quantify.
Corruption costs lives. An estimated $500billion of funding destined for health services is lost to corruption
every year. We know that corruption in the health sector kills an estimated 140,000 children a year, fuels the
global rise in antimicrobial resistance, hinders the fight against HIV/AIDS .
Corruption has been a driving force behind some of the deadliest conflicts in recent history by helping create
the conditions in which these conflicts can thrive. It perpetuates poverty, inequality and injustice, wastes funds
that could be spent on development and security, and facilitates the operations of extremist groups and
organised crime syndicates.
Corruption affects every aspect of society. Its effects are not always immediately obvious, but left untreated it
will inevitably spread to corrode trust in systems and institutions.
www.transparency.org.uk
1. Identify the type of the text.
The text is a …..
a) letter b) web article c- newspaper article
2. Say whether the following statements are true or false.
a) Corruption negatively impacts the enjoyments of weak people of their rights.
b) Corruption takes many forms and can include different behaviours.
c) Poor medical sector is due to theft of money attributed to health service.
d) Corruption in hot spots makes conflicts less favourable.
3. Answer the following questions according to the text.
a) How does the writer describe corruption?
b) Why is it difficult to measure the effects of corruption?
c) How does corruption fuel insecurity?
d) Can people trust their governments in countries where corruption is high?
4. Who or what do the underlined words refer to in the text?
It →…………………. that →…………………