9 apr 2024

SYSTEMIC LUPUS
ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE)

1. SLE IS THE CLASSICAL EXAMPLE OF

ANS: SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNE OR COLLAGEN DISEASES.

2. TH E DISEASE DERIVES ITS NAME ‘LUPUS’ FROM THE LATIN

WORD MEANING
‘wolf’

3. _____________ IS CHARACTERISED BY ACUTE AND CHRONIC INFL

AMMATORY LESIONS WIDELY SCATTERED IN THE BODY AND
THERE IS PRESENCE OF VARIOUS NUCLEAR AND CYTOPLASMIC
AUTOANTIBODIES IN THE PLASMA.
Systemic or disseminated form

4. ___________________CHARACTERISED BY CHRONIC AND LOCA

LISED SKIN LESIONS INVOLVING THE BRIDGE OF NOSE AND
ADJA CENT CHEEKS WITHOUT ANY SYSTEMIC
MANIFESTATIONS. RARELY, DISCOID FORM MAY DEVELOP
INTO DISSEMINATED FORM
ANS: DISCOID FORM

5. TH E EXACT ETIOLOGY OF SLE IS NOT KNOWN

6. VARIOUS OTHER FACTORS EXPRESS THE GENETIC
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF AN INDIVIDUAL TO DEVELOP CLINICAL
DISEASE. TH ESE FACTORS ARE:

I) CERTAIN DRUGS - PENICILLAMINE D;

II) CERTAIN VIRAL INFECTIONS - EBV INFECTION

III) CERTAIN HORMONES -OESTROGEN

7. ANTINUCLEAR ANTIBODIES (ANA) DEMONSTRABLE IN

ABOUT 98% CASES AND ARE USED AS SCREENING TEST

8. ANTIBODIES TO DOUBLE-STRANDED (ANTI-DSDNA) MOST

SPECIFI C FOR SLE, ESPECIALLY IN HIGH TITRES, AND IS
PRESENT IN 70% CASES.

9. ANTI-SMITH ANTIBODIES (ANTI-SM) SPECIFI C FOR SLE BUT IS

SEEN IN ABOUT 25% CASE

10. ANTI-RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS (ANTI-RNP) SEEN IN 40%

CASES OF

11. ANTI-HISTONE ANTIBODY, WHICH IS ANTIBODY AGAINST

HISTONE

12. ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODIES (APLA) OR LUPUS

ANTICOAGULANT ARE TESTS FOR THROMBOTIC
COMPLICATIONS IN CASES OF SLE.

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 13. ANTI-RIBOSOMAL P ANTIBODY IS ANTIBODY AGAINST
PROTEIN IN RIBOSOMES AND IS SEEN IN CNS LUPUS

14. SOURCE OF THESE AUTOANTIBODIES AS WELL AS HYPER

GAMMA-GLOBULINAEMIA SEEN IN SLE IS THE POLYCLONAL
ACTIVA TION OF B CELL

15. TYPE II HYPERSENSITIVITY IS CHARACTERISED BY

FORMATION OF AUTOANTIBODIES AGAINST BLOOD CELLS
(RED BLOOD CELLS, PLATELETS,LEUCOCYTES) AND RESULTS
IN HAEMATOLOGIC DERANGE MENT IN SLE.

16. CHARACTERISTIC LESION IN SLE IS FI BRINOID NECROSIS

WHICH MAY BE SEEN IN THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE, BENEATH
THE ENDOTHELIUM IN SMALL BLOOD VESSELS, UNDER THE
MESOTHELIAL LINING OF PLEURA AND PERI CARDIUM ,

17. SLE, LIKE MOST OTHER AUTO IMMUNE DISEASES, IS MORE

COMMON IN WOMEN IN THEIR 2 ND TO 3 RD DECADES OF LIFE.

18. LE CELL TEST IS POSITIVE IN 70% CASES OF SLE WHILE

NEWER AND MORE SENSITIVE IMMUNOFL UORESCENCE TESTS
FOR AUTO ANTIBODIES LISTED ABOVE ARE POSITIVE IN ALMOST
ALL CASES OF SLE

19. TH E BINDING OF EXPOSED NUCLEUS WITH ANAS RESULTS

IN HOMOGENEOUS MASS OF NUCLEAR CHROMA TIN MATERIAL
WHICH IS CALLED LE BODY OR HAEMATOXYLIN BODY .

20. EM-SHOWS LARGE DEPOSITS IN MESANGIUM,

SUBEPITHELIUM OR SUBENDOTHELIUM.

21. MINIMAL DISEASE LUPUS NEPHRITIS: SEEN IN < 5%

CASES.LM SHOWS NO CHANGE..
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