E C O S Y S T E M S

THE NAME: AJNA ( A erosol J udicating N avigable Apparatus)

• आज्ञा

•
Conventional Technologies for monitoring
contaminated Air in a Hospital set-up
• Pathogenic bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites can travel through the air & water and enter their
hosts, causing infectious diseases.

• The current molecular technologies in use for the identification of components and signal
amplification of sensors, including advanced, sophisticated technologies and techniques (genomic
fingerprinting, real-time quantitative PCR, mass spectrometry), still require:
• on-site sampling,

• testing in the laboratory,

• involves complex operation processes,

• having long detection times.

• Interestingly, even though the current techniques have high detection efficiency and accuracy, the
preanalytical quality and sampling strategy's subjectivity and the sampling mechanisms employed
are known to have limitations affecting the accuracy of microbe detection.

• The growing pathogenic strain variations and antimicrobial resistances demand quick and broad
prevention strategies and improved countermeasures to ensure more directed therapeutic
interventions through point-of-care testing for the prevention and control of infections.
Why Real-time Detection of Bacteria in the air required?

90% of Nosocomial Infections is caused by bacteria

(Gatermaan et al., 2005; Horan et al. 2008)

In American hospitals alone, the Centers for Disease Control

(CDC) estimates that HAIs account for an estimated 1.7
million infections and 99,000 associated deaths each year.

Contracting infection while in the ICU adds $150,000 or more

to an elderly patient's care costs and shortens their life by
many years. American Journal of Infection Control, January
2015
Why Real time Detection
of Virus required?
• Community infectious diseases represent a
permanent threat to public health.

• The current global pandemic of COVID-19

(caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-
2) has forced society to face unforeseen
challenges and to adjust to a new reality.

• New scientific evidence suggests that not

only respiratory droplets but also aerosols
can function as potential transmission
pathways for COVID-19.
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/modes-of-transmission-of-
virus-causing-covid-19-implications-for-ipc-precaution-
recommendations

• As mutant coronavirus strains have

emerged posing new challenges in
combating the pandemic, the need to
monitor the airborne viral load in critical
areas is more important than ever to halt
the spread of the virus.
HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED INFECTION
 Paradigm Shift To New
Science
Breakthrough Invention: Ajna
as an Optical sensor has generated
significant interest due to its high
speed, high throughput, non-
destructive nature, and
amplification-free measurements
that do not require sample
preparation.
• AJNA Bio Analyser and Surveillance systems are used for
high-resolution optical spectroscopy (manifestations in
optical scattering) using concepts of:
• elastic light scattering,
• statistical mechanics,
• machine learning and artificial intelligence.
• Elastic light scatter defines and measures:
• scatterer’s size, shape,
• molecular structure (weight),
• refraction index per se in multidimensional space and
• pattern esp. when the particles or molecules under
investigation are small enough and their
concentration is sufficiently low.
AJNA scatter monitoring for
detection & characterization of
aerosol particles (encompassing
the range of sizes from 100 nm to
10 mm and concentrations from
parts per trillion to parts per
million) in both point and remote-
sensing with the range of 30m and
above.
Pathogens, Sampling and Data Acquisition - Trials
Set -1
Set -2
(20min Run, 1:4
(5 min Run)
❑ 9 Pathogenic Bacteria S. No Bacteria dilution)
Cell numbers (CFU)
Cell numbers (CFU)
1
Escherichia coli ATCC25922 2.08 × 108 10.4 × 108
❑ 2 Mixtures of Bacteria
2
Escherichia coli ATCC35218 1.42 × 108 7.1 × 108
❑ 2 Runs for Each Sample and 3
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213 1.54 × 108 7.7 × 108
Mixtures 4
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 1.50 × 108 7.5 × 108
(20 min and 5min durations)
5
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 2.3 × 108 11.5 × 108
❑ 1kHz Sampling Frequency 6
Enterococcus faecalis ATCC29212 1.02 × 108 5.1 × 108

❑ 12,00,000 and 3,00,000 7

Staphylococcus hominis H77 0.16 × 108 0.8 × 108
observations 8
Bacillus cereus BY44 1.66 × 108 8.3 × 108
9
❑ Repeatability and Robustness Enterococcus faecium MB224 0.88 × 108 4.4 × 108

Set -1 Set -2
(20min Run, 1:4 dilution) (5 min Run)
▪ Cultures: Luria – Bertani Medium, S. No Bacteria
Cell numbers (CFU) Cell numbers (CFU)
Laminar Flow, Incubators, Phosphate
Buffered Saline (PBS) Solution for Mixture-1
constant of 7.4 1 E. coli (25922), S. aureus (29213), P. 3.16 × 108 7.90 × 108
aeruginosa (27853), E. faecalis
▪ Measurements: (29212), S. hominis H77
for optical density (OD600) /
Concentration measurements Mixture-2
2 E. coli (35218), S. aureus (25923), P. 3.26 × 108 8.15 × 108
▪ Standard Protocols and Safety aeruginosa 27853, B. cereus BY44, E.
Procedures: CDC Norms 9
faecium MB224
 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF
AJNA – BIO ANALYSER AND SURVEILLANCE

Presenting data/alerts on Dashboard.

S
CAT MART BIG DATA
CLOUD PLATFORM

Quantitative
Qualitative information
information
 Gram Positive Scanning
Anaerobic
S.No Sample or Gram Size Shape electron
or aerobic
Negative microscope

1. Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922)

2μm-long
Rod shaped Facultative
Gram Negative 0.25 to 1.0 μm in
coliform bacteria anaerobic

Microbe Characteristics
2. Escherichia coli (ATCC 35218) diameter

3. Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213)

0.5 – 1.0 μm in Round shaped Facultative
Gram Positive
4. Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) diameter bacterium anaerobic

Rod shaped
0.5 to 0.8 μm by 1.5
5. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) Gram Negative bacterium Strict aerobic
to 3.0 μm

0.6-2.0 μm by 0.6-2.5 Facultative

6. Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) Gram Positive Oval shaped cells
μm anaerobe

1.2 to 1.4 μm in
diameter
Gram Positive Spherical cells in Acidic
7. Staphylococcus hominis (H77) Appear normally in
clusters aerobic
tetrads and
sometimes in pairs

Rod shaped
Gram Positive bacterium, motile, Facultative
8. Bacillus cereus (BY44) 1 by 3-4 μm
spore forming anaerobic
bacteria

Gram Positive Non haemolytic Aerobic and

9. Enterococcus faecium (MB224) 1-2 mm
bacterium anaerobic
 Major Break-through in Microbial Identification
• Monitoring Capability: AJNA can monitor microbial identification, chemical compositions, and mixtures.
• High Sensitivity: AJNA can detect and discriminate the presence of 101 109 Φ (100 million
to 1 billion) viable microorganisms or cells in the sample.
• Nanometer Resolution: AJNA provides high-resolution analysis with a resolution down to the nanometer scale.
• Concentration Monitoring: AJNA can monitor the concentration of microbes at parts per billion (PPB) levels.
• Sample Preparation Elimination: AJNA does not require sample transportation, preparation, medium, resting
time, incubation, or waiting for the growth of colonies.
• Real-time Detection: AJNA offers real-time detection capabilities, providing instantaneous results.
• Portable and Low Power: AJNA is a portable device that operates on low power, making it convenient for
various settings.
• Remote Detection System: AJNA can be used remotely, enabling surveillance and monitoring in different
locations.
• Repeatable and Robust: AJNA's performance is repeatable, ensuring consistent and reliable results.
• Integration with Big Data and AI: AJNA is integrated with a big data platform and artificial intelligence models,
enhancing data analysis and interpretation capabilities.
AJNA IAQ on real-time basis monitors:- (HOSPITALS)

Thermal Comfort & Ventilation Effectiveness

• Identifies hot spots in kitchen and appropriate comfort temperature is maintained.
• Based on concentration of fumes, exhaust speed can be regulated.
• Relative humidity in continuously monitored so as to avoid formations of microbial.

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)

• Identifying Particulate Material and particularly in kitchen, it is of primary importance.
• Hygiene & Health is of high significance. Molds, Organic particulates or any particle less
than 1m in diameter can be classified.

Fire and Safety

• LPG leakage or any VOC that could otherwise be detrimental to fire, can be detected and
controlled. Once detected, electricity, LPG supplies etc. are triggered to stop.
• Refrigerant gas beyond permissible limits can also be detected.
 Bacteria and
Virus Detection

Uniform Air Thermal

Flow Comfort With
Management Cfd
AJNA Bio
Analyser &
Surveillance
system for a
Duct IAQ
Ventilation
Effectiveness Healthier and
Safe World

Oxygen and
other gases
Fire And Safety
quality
monitoring
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