Structures and Functions

The seed, which develops from an ovule after fertilization has occurred, surrounds
the plant embryo and protects it from desiccation. Each seed consists of an embryo,
food source, and protective outer coat, and can lie dormant for some time before
germinating. The roots of a plant function in the storage of nutrients, the
acquisition of water and minerals (from the soil), and the anchoring of the plant
to the substrate. Tiny root hairs, which extend from the root surface, provide the
plant with a huge total absorptive surface and are responsible for most of the
plant's water and mineral intake. Plant stems (or trunks, as they are called in
trees) function primarily in nutrient transport and physical support. The leaves
contain chlorophyll and are the major sites of photosynthesis and gas exchange.
Flowers contain the reproductive organs of angiosperms.