Reading

Text 1
1. Read the article. Complete the summary with a word or a number in each gap.

Krakatoa, West of Java

One of the most famous volcanic eruptions in history was that of Krakatoa, a small island volcano between the
larger islands of Java and Sumatra. On 20 May 1883 people saw steam coming from the volcano. Hot ash shot
six kilometres into the atmosphere and people heard the eruptions 160 kilometres away. Then, at the end of May, the
volcano became quiet.

Krakatoa started erupting again around the middle of June and large rocks fell into the Indian Ocean. A black cloud
covered the area for five days and earthquakes shook the ground. A Dutch engineer tried to find out what was
happening. On one of the islands near Krakatoa there was half a metre of ash covering the ground and all the trees
and plants were dead, so he warned people to keep away from the area.

By 25 August, there were more eruptions. There was a huge black cloud of ash, and this time it shot up even higher.
Explosions were happening every ten minutes. Ships’ captains 20 kilometres away reported that ash and rocks were
falling onto their ships and into the sea around them. A small tsunami reached Java and Sumatra.

Then on 27 August four enormous eruptions took place. They were so loud that people heard them over 3,000
kilometres away and there were tsunamis over 30 metres high. The final explosion was so powerful that ash shot 80
kilometres into the air. It was a disaster. Villages were destroyed and thousands of people were killed by lava, ash,
falling rocks and poisonous gases. But the biggest killers were the tsunamis. At least 36,417 people died and the
number may have been as high as 120,000. Two-thirds of the island of Krakatoa disappeared.

But that is not the end of the story. In later years volcanic eruptions continued under the sea. A number of new
islands formed above the water and then disappeared again. Then in 1930, a fourth island appeared. It was named
Anak Krakatoa: ‘Child of Krakatoa’, and it has been growing ever since.

Krakatoa, West of Java

Krakatoa was a volcanic island between 1 Java and Sumatra. It erupted a
number of times in
2
1883 . In May of that year people could hear the explosions many
3
160 kilometres away. At the end of May the volcano became
4
quiet . Then in the middle of June, the volcano started erupting again and
there were 5 as well. A Dutch 6 engineer wanted to see what
was happening in the area. He discovered a thick layer of
7
half a metre and dead plants and trees on one island, so he warned people not to
go there. Towards the end of August, Krakatoa erupted again. This time the explosions
were bigger. The biggest eruptions occurred on 8 27 August. They were heard
more than 3,000 kilometres away. Some people were killed by lava, ash and poisonous
gases, but most were killed by 9 tsunami . Two-thirds of Krakatoa 10 disappeared .
Forty-three years later, another volcano, Anak Krakatoa, appeared above the surface of
the sea where Krakatoa used to be.

Text 2

How to survive a fire

Put smoke alarms in your home. 1 G

Buy a fire extinguisher. Put it where everyone can reach it. 2 B
Never leave a fire burning in the fireplace when you go to bed.
Never put clothes near a fire to dry.
Make sure you know two ways to get out of your house/flat. Imagine there is a fire and practise leaving the
house/flat. 3 E
When you hear the smoke alarm or smell or see a fire, don't stop to get dressed. 4 F
Don’t open a hot door. 5 D
If your clothes catch fire, stop and put your hands over your face. 6 A

Go to the meeting place.

Call the fire brigade. 7 C
Do not go back into the house/flat for any reason.

2. Read the information leaflet again. Match the missing sentences (A–G) with the
gaps in the text (1–7).
A Arrange a meeting place outside for all the family.
B Check it regularly and learn how to use it.
C Give your address clearly and wait.
D If it feels hot, try and find another way out.
E Put a woollen blanket or towel around you and leave the house/flat quickly.
F Then drop to the ground and roll back and forth until your clothes stop burning.
G They will make a very loud noise if a fire starts.