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1. What do you mean by PCB?

2. List out different schemes for protection and security

3. Differentiate between external fragmentation and internal fragmentation.

4. How the semaphores help in the process synchronization? What is the difference between binary and counting semaphore?

5. What do you understand by thrashing and its solution?

6. What is the purpose of system call?

7. Describe the booting process of an operating system

8. Discuss the need of virtual memory.

9. What is the difference between Online and Real-time systems?

10. State objective of multiprogramming.

11. What is the difference between dynamic and static linking?

12. What are the differences between load-time and run-time dynamic linking?

13. What is software trap and how is it used in operating system design?

14. What is difference between preemptive and non-preemptive scheduling?

15. Describe terms long-term, medium-term and short-term thread scheduling

16. Describe the terms : internal and external fragmentation

17. What are consequences of choosing large page sizes, and what of small page sizes?

18. Why the page size has to be a power of two?

19. What is page replacement? List all page replacement policies you know

20. What is disk formatting and what basic information is stored with each disk sector

21. Define the term kernel. What are its functions?

22. Explain the term Waiting time and Turnaround time in terms of CPU scheduling algorithms

23. Explain the term convoy effect.

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24. Write any two advantages of Virtual Memory.

25. Explain the term Belady's anomaly in terms of page replacement algorithms

26. Define the term Disk Bandwidth

27. What is meant by seek time and rotational latency in case of disk drive?

28. Explain various goals of Protection.

29. Define the term Distributed Operating Systems.

30. Write any two advantages of LINUX operating systems

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