4.3.

Decrease supply and increase demand

* Increase in demand = decrease in supply

- When the increase in demand is equal to the decrease in supply, the shifts in
both supply and demand curves are proportionately equal. Effectively, the equilibrium
quantity remains the same however the equilibrium price rises.

* Increase in demand > decrease in supply

- In this case, the right shift of demand curve is proportionately more than the
leftward shift of supply curve. Hence, both equilibrium quantity and price rise

*Increase in demand <decrease in supply

- If the increase in demand is less than the decrease in supply, the shift of the
demand curve tends to be less than that of the supply curve. Effectively, equilibrium
quantity falls whereas the equilibrium price rises.
 S1 S0

P1 E
Price celling
P0
D
Shortage
0
D1
 4.4. Decrease Supply and decrease Demand

*The decrease in demand = decrease in supply

- When the magnitudes of the decrease in both demand and supply are equal, it
leads to a proportionate shift of both demand and supply curve. Consequently, the
equilibrium price remains the same but there is a decrease in the equilibrium quantity.

*The decrease in demand > decrease in supply

- When the decrease in demand is greater than the decrease in supply, the
demand curve shifts more towards left relative to the supply curve. Effectively, there
is a fall in both equilibrium quantity and price.
 *The decrease in demand < decrease in supply

- In a case in which the decrease in demand is smaller than the decrease in

supply, the leftward shift of the demand curve is less than the leftward shift of the
supply curve. Notably, there is a rise in equilibrium price accompanied by a fall in
equilibrium quantity.

II.

1. Introduction of tourism industry in Vietnam

- The Tourism industry is a general economic sector, including many groups of

occupations related to the task of training and providing human resources for travel
companies, hotels, or restaurants, etc. The tourism industry has a major contribution.
large part in the total national economic product in our country. Currently, tourism is
considered one of three major economic sectors that receive investment attention and
is constantly developing. Tourism promotes support for industries such as
transportation, post and telecommunications, insurance, financial services,
accommodation and food, while creating jobs for the majority of secondary workers in
cities and towns. town.
 - The tourism industry has a huge contribution to the total national economic
product in our country. Currently, tourism is considered one of three major economic
sectors that receive investment attention and is constantly developing. Tourism
promotes support for industries such as transportation, post and telecommunications,
insurance, financial services, accommodation and food, while creating jobs for the
majority of secondary workers in cities and towns. town.

- Attractive destinations in Vietnam Introduction to Vietnam Tourism Industry

Vietnam is among the countries with the fastest tourist growth rate in the world.
Tourism is considered a key economic sector of Vietnam, the country has diverse and
rich tourism potential with many strengths

1.2. Effects of Covid-19 in tourism industry in Vietnam

- For the tourism industry, the Covid-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the
business activities of tourism businesses. In 2020, international visitors to Vietnam
decreased by 80% compared to 2019, domestic tourists decreased by 34%, and total
revenue from tourists decreased by 59%. The number of domestic tourists in the first 7
months of 2021 also decreased sharply in all localities, with the whole country
receiving 31 million arrivals, total revenue from tourists reaching about 136,300
billion VND, down 34.2% compared to the previous year. the same period in 2020.
According to experts' forecasts, the tourism industry needs at least 5 years to recover.
A survey by the Tourism Advisory Council shows that currently across the country,
18% of businesses have laid off all employees; 48% of businesses let 50 - 80% of their
employees quit.

2.

- According to the Department of Tourism of Quang Ninh province, in 2019,

Quang Ninh welcomed over 14 million visitors, including 5.7 million international
visitors, achieving a revenue of over 29.4 trillion VND. World Natural Heritage Ha
Long Bay in 2019 welcomed nearly 4.4 million visitors, including nearly 2.9 million
international visitors, with a total revenue from ticket sales to visit the bay of more
than 1,200 billion VND.

After the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2022, Quang Ninh tourism will welcome
about 11.6 million visitors, including more than 300,000 international visitors, with an
estimated revenue of nearly 22.6 trillion VND. Ha Long Bay in 2022 will welcome
more than 2.1 million visitors, including more than 300,000 international visitors, with
revenue from ticket sales reaching more than 343 billion VND.
 5000000

4500000

4000000

3500000

3000000

2500000

2000000

1500000

1000000

500000

0
Total visitors International visitors

2019 2022

BEFORE THE EPIDEMIC (2018-2019)

Ha Long tourism market supply in 2018-2019

- The total number of tourists coming to Ha Long in 2018 reached 12.6

million, an increase of 26.2% compared to 2017. Of which, international visitors
reached 3.2 million, an increase of 32.6%. This is the second consecutive year that
Ha Long welcomed over 12 million tourists, affirming the city's position as one of
Vietnam's leading tourist centers.

 Domestic market: 9.4 million visits, up 24.5%

 International market: 3.2 million visits, up 32.6%

In particular, the international tourist market is mainly concentrated in a

number of markets such as: China (2.4 million visits), Korea (300 thousand visits),
Russia (150 thousand visits), Taiwan (100 thousand visits). thousand times).

- Regarding the structure of tourists to Ha Long, staying guests account for

70%, non-stay guests account for 30%.

Ha Long tourism market demand in 2018-2019

Ha Long tourism revenue in 2018 reached 23,600 billion VND, an increase of

25.6% compared to 2017. Of which, revenue from international visitors reached
11,800 billion VND, an increase of 29.8% compared to 2017; Revenue from
domestic visitors reached VND 11,800 billion, an increase of 21.7% compared to
2017.

The tourism demand of tourists to Ha Long is increasing

 The average length of stay of tourists to Ha Long reached 2.5 days, an

increase of 0.2 days compared to 2017.
 The average spending of tourists coming to Ha Long reached 2.5 million
VND/person/day, an increase of 10% compared to 2017.

The travel needs of tourists are diverse and abundant, focusing on types of
tourism such as: eco-tourism, cultural tourism, resort tourism, entertainment
tourism,...

Impact of supply and demand on Ha Long tourism market in 2018-2019

The strong growth of supply and demand in the Ha Long tourism market has
brought many positive impacts to the city's socio-economic development.
Specifically:

 Economic growth: Tourism is one of Quang Ninh's key economic sectors,

contributing greatly to the province's GDP. In 2018, Quang Ninh tourism
contributed 14.3% of the province's GDP, creating jobs for more than 200,000
workers.
 Revenue: Tourism is also one of the important sources of revenue for Quang
Ninh. In 2018, Quang Ninh tourism earned 10,200 billion VND, an increase of
29.6% compared to 2017.
 Social economic development: The development of tourism has contributed
to promoting the development of other economic sectors such as trade, services,
agriculture,... At the same time, tourism also contributes to improving the material
and spiritual life of people. local people.

Challenge

Tourism needs are diverse and abundant, but tourism products do not fully
meet the needs of tourists.
 Infrastructure and facilities for tourism are not synchronous and modern.
 Environmental pollution, traffic congestion,... still occur.

Solution
  Promote investment in developing new tourism products to meet the diverse
needs of tourists.
 Upgrading and renovating infrastructure and facilities for tourism.
 Strengthen environmental management and ensure food hygiene and safety.
 Strengthen propaganda work and raise awareness of local people in
protecting the environment and social order and safety.

Ha Long tourism market supply in 2021-2022

Ha Long is the largest tourist center of the province, fully converging the most
favorable conditions in terms of natural scenery with the advantage of the world
heritage of Ha Long Bay and the unique cultural values of the people. highland
tribes in the Northern region. This place also receives large-scale and synchronous
investment in transportation infrastructure and tourism services from the province
and large businesses. After the Covid-19 epidemic, Ha Long is also the place with
the fastest and strongest tourism recovery with the birth of many new tourism
services and products that attract tourists from all over...

Ha Long tourism market supply in the years after the epidemic has changed
significantly, both in quantity and quality.

To restore the tourism industry in Ha Long, Quang Ninh city has built a
number of social and cultural activities.

About the quantity

- In addition to the negative effects of the pandemic, a series of bars and

karaoke bars have been temporarily suspended to ensure fire safety. This causes the
supply of entertainment services in Ha Long to decrease compared to before the
Covid-19 pandemic

According to statistics from the Department of Tourism of Quang Ninh, the

number of tourists coming to Ha Long in 2021 reached 5.6 million, an increase of
23.1% compared to 2020. Of which, international visitors reached 1.3 million, an
increase of 27.3%.

In 2022, the number of tourists coming to Ha Long will reach 11.6 million, 2.6
times more than in 2021. Of which, international visitors will reach 1.4 million, an
increase of 8.2%.

Domestic visitors: 11.2 million

2021 domestic visitors: 4.3

 The strong growth of tourist arrivals to Ha Long is mainly due to:

 The COVID-19 epidemic situation is well controlled, creating favorable

conditions for tourism to recover.
 Ha Long is one of the most famous tourist destinations in Vietnam, with
many attractive natural and cultural landscapes.
 Ha Long tourism businesses have made efforts to innovate and improve
service quality to meet the needs of tourists.

About quality

The quality of supply in the Ha Long tourism market in the years after the
epidemic has also improved significantly. Tourism infrastructure is invested and
upgraded to meet the needs of tourists. Accommodation facilities and tourist
service facilities are diverse and abundant, with improved quality.

In 2021, there will be about 43,000 rooms in Quang Ninh province, belonging
to 2,200 accommodation establishments, including 15 5-star hotels; 500 tourist
boats on Ha Long Bay, Bai Tu Long Bay and thousands of different road transport
vehicles.

Ha Long tourism businesses have also focused on investing in new, attractive

tourism products to meet the needs of tourists. Some outstanding new tourism
products in Ha Long in recent years include: high-end resort tourism, MICE
tourism, eco-tourism, discovery tourism,...

Ha long demand

A representative of a travel company specializing in domestic tourism

commented that the number of foreign visitors to Ha Long this year is decreasing
sharply. Up to now, the decrease in the number of foreign tourist groups coming to
Ha Long of this company is 40% compared to last year.

 By type

Ha Long tourism market supply in the years after the epidemic continues to
focus on types of tourism such as sightseeing tourism, resort tourism, experiential
tourism, and MICE tourism.

In 2022, according to statistics from the Quang Ninh Department of Tourism,

the proportion of types of tourism in Ha Long is as follows:
  Sightseeing tourism: 50%
 Resort travel: 30%
 Experiential travel: 10%
 MICE tourism: 10%

 MICE is an acronym for Meeting, Incentive, Convention and

Exhibition. The full English name is Meeting Incentive Conference
Event. Simply put, MICE is a form of tourism that combines
conferences, seminars, exhibitions, event organization, and incentive
travel for companies for employees and partners.

 According to origin.

Domestic tourists account for a higher proportion, reaching 83.1% in 2022.

International tourists account for a lower proportion, reaching 16.9%.

 According to location

The supply of Ha Long tourism market in the years after the epidemic is
mainly concentrated in Ha Long city, accounting for about 90% of the total number
of tourists coming to Ha Long. Other areas such as Cam Pha, Van Don, Mong
Cai,... also have tourism development, but on a smaller scale.

Demand of Ha Long tourism market 2021-2022

 Number of tourists:

In 2021, the number of tourists coming to Ha Long will reach 5.6 million, an
increase of 23.1% compared to 2020. Of which, international visitors will reach 1.3
million, an increase of 27.3%. In 2022, the number of tourists coming to Ha Long
will reach 11.6 million, 2.6 times more than in 2021. Of which, international
visitors will reach 1.4 million, an increase of 8.2%.

This data shows that Ha Long tourism demand after the COVID-19 epidemic
is growing strongly, in both quantity and quality.

 Length of stay:
 The average length of stay of tourists coming to Ha Long after the COVID-19
epidemic increased from 2 days 1 night to 3 days 2 nights. This shows that tourists
tend to stay longer to experience more tourism services in Ha Long.

According to a report from the Department of Tourism of Quang Ninh, the

average spending of tourists coming to Ha Long in 2022 will reach 2 million
VND/person/day, an increase of 11.1% over the same period in 2021. In particular,
the average spending international visitors reached 4.2 million VND/person/day, an
increase of 20.5%; Average spending of domestic visitors reached 1.8 million
VND/person/day, an increase of 9.8%.

Ha Long tourism revenue in 2022 reached 16,721 billion VND, an increase of

43.7% over the same period in 2021. Of which, revenue from international visitors
reached 1,528 billion VND, an increase of 137.7% over the same period in 2021. ;
Revenue from domestic visitors reached VND 15,203 billion, an increase of 42.8%
over the same period in 2021.

 Origin of tourists:

According to origin, tourists coming to Ha Long after the COVID-19

epidemic are clearly divided. Domestic tourists account for a higher proportion,
reaching 83.1% in 2022. Meanwhile, international tourists account for a lower
proportion, reaching 16.9%.

 Favorite travel products:

The favorite tourism products of visitors to Ha Long after the COVID-19

epidemic focus on types such as:

* Sightseeing tourism: Visit natural and cultural landscapes such as Ha Long

Bay, Bai Tho Mountain, Long Tien Pagoda,...

* Experiential tourism: Experience community tourism activities, adventure

tourism, exploration,...

* Resort tourism: Stay at high-class resorts with good service quality.

Conclude

The demand of the Ha Long tourism market after the COVID-19 epidemic has
changed significantly, reflected in the increase in number, length of stay, tourist
origin and favorite tourism products. To meet the needs of the Ha Long tourism
market after the COVID-19 epidemic, tourism businesses need to make appropriate
changes, focusing on developing safe, quality, experiential, and discovery tourism
products. break and relax.

Impact of Ha Long tourism market supply in 2021-2022

The growth of Ha Long tourism market supply in 2021-2022 has had positive
impacts on the socio-economic development of Quang Ninh province:

 Generates a large source of revenue for the provincial budget, contributing to

the economic development of the province.
 Create many jobs and create labor for local people.
 Contribute to promoting the image and enhancing the position of Quang
Ninh on the world tourism map.

challenge

 Pressure on environmental protection: The increase in tourists has put great

pressure on the environment, especially the natural environment of Ha Long Bay.
 Fierce competition among tourism businesses: The increase in tourism
businesses has led to fierce competition, affecting service quality and prices.

solution

 Promote investment in developing infrastructure, accommodation facilities,

and high-quality, environmentally friendly tourism service facilities.
 Strengthen environmental management and protection, especially the
environment of Ha Long Bay.
 Promote tourism promotion and promotion, raise tourists' awareness of
environmental protection.
 Strengthen training and improve the quality of tourism human resources.

Summary of additional reference sources:

According to a report by the Quang Ninh Department of Tourism,

 In the first 6 months of 2018, the number of tourists coming to Quang Ninh
reached about 7.5 million, an increase of 26% over the same period in 2017, of
which, international visitors reached 2.46 million, an increase of 14% over the
same period. Most visitors to Quang Ninh stay in Ha Long.

 "Smokeless industry" has become the main growth driver,

accounting for over 30% of Quang Ninh's GRDP.
 Immediately after the Covid-19 pandemic, the province's tourism
market has made impressive recovery steps.
 In the first quarter of 2023, the whole province welcomed 4.85 million
visitors, 2.3 times more than the same period in 2022, achieving a total revenue of
over 8.5 billion VND, 2.7 times more than the same period.
 Most establishments operating in the field of tourism and
services in the province are facing a shortage of human resources, especially
high quality human resources...
 Statistics from the Department of Tourism also show that before the
outbreak, Quang Ninh tourism had about 63,000 workers, including 26,000 direct
workers. However, by 2022, that number will only be about 16,000 people.
 According to statistics from the Department of Labor, War Invalids
and Social Affairs of Quang Ninh, the demand for human resources in the tourism
industry in the province will increase from about 73,433 people in the current
period to 84,787 people next year. 2025.
 According to the list of the world's top 25 destinations in 2024 of the
online travel platform Tripadvisor, Vietnam's World Natural Heritage Ha Long Bay
ranks 2nd among the world's top 25 natural destinations. 3rd in the 25 most popular
destinations in the world.
 In 2019, the estimated number of visitors to Ha Long Bay reached 4.4
million, including nearly 2.9 million international visitors, an increase of 6% over
the same period in 2018.
 Information from the Ha Long Bay Management Board said that in
2019, the estimated number of visitors to Ha Long Bay reached 4.4 million,
including nearly 2.9 million international visitors.
 10-month fee collection reached more than 1,030 billion VND; It is
estimated that for the whole year of 2019, fee collection will reach more than 1,294
billion VND, an increase of 9% over the same period.
  According to information from Ha Long City People's
Committee,
 In the first 10 months of 2023, Ha Long City will welcome over 7.5
million tourists, an increase of 20% over the same period in 2022, equal to 89% of
the growth scenario.
 Of which, international visitors reached over 1.1 million.
 Total revenue from tourism reached 16,721 billion VND, an increase
of 43.7% over the same period in 2022, equal to 89.4% of the growth scenario.
 In October alone, the city welcomed nearly 700,000 tourists, an
increase of 62% over the same period in 2022; Of which, international visitors
reached 137,000. Total revenue from tourism reached 1,528 billion VND, an
increase of 62.5% over the same period in 2022.
 In 2023, Ha Long City Tourism industry aims to welcome 8.5 million
visitors, with revenue reaching 18,700 billion VND. In the last 2 months of the
year, the city will continue to organize attractive cultural and sports activities to
attract tourists such as: Winter Carnaval Program 2023; Activities associated with
the 60th anniversary of Uncle Ho's visit to the people of Ha Long City (November
23, 1963-November 23, 2023) and the 30th anniversary of the founding of Ha Long
City (December 27, 1993-27 /December 2023). At the same time, organize
activities to respond to "Heritage Week" Ha Long Bay on the day UNESCO
recognized Ha Long Bay as a World Natural Heritage; organize a photo exhibition
"Ha Long past and present"; Summarizing and awarding prizes for the photo
contest "Ha Long - Heritage City".
 Along with that, continue to participate in seminars and fairs to
introduce and promote city tourism, and enhance the propaganda of Ha Long
tourism image on social networking platforms and the city's electronic information
portal. ... The city will also promote links between the tourism industry and other
industries and fields between Ha Long and localities inside and outside the
province.
 In 2023, Quang Ninh province's total tourism revenue is
estimated to reach 33,480 billion VND, an increase of 48% compared to
2022.
 VNA - In 2023, Quang Ninh province's total tourism revenue
is estimated to reach 33,480 billion VND, an increase of 48% compared to
2022. Quang Ninh province's tourism has basically recovered compared to
before COVID-19, the province has welcoming a total of 15.5 million
tourists, an increase of 33.6% over the same period in 2022, an increase of
3% of the plan, of which international visitors are estimated to reach 2
million.
 In 2024, Quang Ninh aims to attract at least 17 million
visitors, including 3 million international visitors.
 National Tourism Year 2018 Ha Long - Quang Ninh was a "bumper"
year when Quang Ninh tourism industry welcomed 12.2 million visitors,
revenue reached 23,600 billion VND.

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