EXPERIMENT MANUAL for:

COMPOSITE WALL APPARATUS

Sharda University, Noida
OBJECTIVE: Study of conduction heat transfer in composite wall.

AIM:
1. To determine total thermal resistance and thermal conductivity of composite wall.
2. To calculate thermal conductivity of one material in composite wall.
3. To plot the temperature profile along the composite wall.

INTRODUCTION:
When a temperature gradient exists in a body, there is an energy transfer from the high temperature region to the
low temperature region. Energy is transferred by conduction and heat transfer rate per unit area is proportional to
the normal temperature gradient:

When the proportionality constant is inserted,

Where q is the heat transfer rate and T/ X is the temperature gradient in the direction of heat flow. The positive
constant k is called thermal conductivity of the material.

THEORY:
A direct application of Fourier’s law is the plane wall. Fourier’s equation:

Where the thermal conductivity is considered constant. The wall thickness is X, and T1 and T2 are surface
temperatures. If more than one material is present, as in the multiplayer Wall, the analysis would proceed as
follows:
The temperature gradients in the three materials (A, B, C), the heat flow may be written

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Ph.: +91-591-3554004, Mob.: +91-9599583625
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DESCRIPTION:
The Apparatus consists of a heater sandwiched between two Iron slabs(20mm thickness), then Aluminium(15mm
thickness) and finally Bakelite(10mm thickness). Three slabs of different material are provided on both sides of
heater, which forms a composite structure. A small press- frame is provided to ensure the perfect contact between
the slabs. A voltage regulator is provided for varying the input to the heater and measurement of input power is
carried out by a Digital Voltmeter & Digital Ammeter. Temperatures Sensors are embedded between inter faces
of the slab, to read the temperature at the surface. The experiment can be conducted at various values of power
input and calculations can be made accordingly.

UTILITIES REQUIRED:
1. Electricity Supply: Single Phase, 220 VAC, 50 Hz, 5Amp socket.
2. Bench Area Required: 1m x 1m.

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:

STARTING PROCEDURE:
1. Ensure that Mains ON/OFF switch given on the panel is at OFF position &dimmer-stat is at zero position.
2. Connect electric supply to the set up.
3. Switch ON the Mains ON / OFF switch.
4. Set the heater input by the dimmer-stat, power input to heater at 300 watt.
5. After 0.5 hour, note down the reading of wattmeter, and temperature sensors in the observation table after
every 10 minutes interval till observing change in consecutive readings of temperatures (± 1 oC).

CLOSING PROCEDURE:
1. After experiment is over set the dimmer stat to zero position.
2. Switch OFF the Mains ON/OFF switches.
3. Switch OFF electric supply to the set up.

OBSERVATION & CALCULATIONS:

DATA:

d = 0.2 m
X1 = 0.020 m = 20mm
X2 = 0.020m = 15 mm
X3 = 0.012m = 10 mm

K1=125w/m℃
K2=1.4w/m℃
K3=----w/m℃

______________________________________________________________________________________
Corporate Office: A - 192, Ashiana Colony, Moradabad, UP– 244001
Ph.: +91-591-3554004, Mob.: +91-9599583625
E-mail: mir.lab.india@gmail.com
OBSERVATION TABLE:
Sl. No Wattmeter T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8
Reading (W) oC oC oC oC oC oC oC oC

CALCULATIONS:

To plot the temperature profile,

Distance 45 25 10 0
Avg Temp (T1 + T8)/2 (T2 + T7)/2 (T3 + T6)/2 (T4 + T5)/2

Amount of Heat transfer = Q = W (watts).

Overall Temperature difference :

ΔT = {(T4 + T5) - (T1 + T8)}/2

Total Thermal resistance of composite wall:

Total thickness of wall:

ΔX = X1 + X2 + X3, m

Thermal conductivity of composite wall:

Thermal conductivity of individual material (e.g. Bakelite):

______________________________________________________________________________________
Corporate Office: A - 192, Ashiana Colony, Moradabad, UP– 244001
Ph.: +91-591-3554004, Mob.: +91-9599583625
E-mail: mir.lab.india@gmail.com
NOMENCLATURE:
A = Area of heat transfer, m2
d = Diameter, m
I = Ammeter reading, amp
K eff = Thermal conductivity of composite wall, W/m oC
k1 = Thermal conductivity of cast iron, W/m oC . k2 = Thermal conductivity of Press wood, W/m oC k3 =
Thermal conductivity of Bakelite, W/m oC
Q = Amount of heat transfer, W
q = Heat flux, W/m2
Rt = Total thermal resistance of composite wall, oC m2/W
ΔT = Overall temperature difference, oC
W = Heat supplied by the heater, W
ΔX = Total thickness of wall, m
X1 = MS slab thickness, m
X2 = Alminium slab thickness, m
X3 = Bakelite slab thickness, m

PRECAUTION
1. Use the stabilize A.C. Single phase supply only. The voltage should not very more than + volts
2. Keep Dimmer stat to zero before start and increase the voltage slowly.
3. Keep all the assembly undisturbed.
4. Remove air gap between plates by moving hand press gently.
5. Operate selector switch of temperature indicator gently.

There is a possibility of getting abrupt result if the supply voltage fluctuating or if the satisfactory steady state
condition is not reached.

______________________________________________________________________________________
Corporate Office: A - 192, Ashiana Colony, Moradabad, UP– 244001
Ph.: +91-591-3554004, Mob.: +91-9599583625
E-mail: mir.lab.india@gmail.com