ioe 18168 0) Chapter 4. 00 0 te 0 — 53 ote Plane and Space Curves HF ju -0u70 0 0 rile e oo 3 vom OEE 130 = 0.2550 fete: 240 1 0 0 re some of the examples of axonometric projection: created by sun, le foreign eng cane Far ve of plane occured by telecastng Ksecnle non nen owie teseam ottoman sen rac oion ts [2 S28 2 Zone ot se eee Fem ees ap 15 1 os kt erin aoc ange bap eGo bear raion mats by cabinet projection [25 HSK @ F Tey er cicada, te edparin nw ae sae ore rreeanin pence oh es Seren espe Siphtatinn Berney cen oe tener a points are obtained by wing interpolator, whereas any paint onan analytically represented cure Feet : i areal peti tendon “Analyste of cure rm the kre st of data poets the intsplaion problem. A i ‘eure that passes through all given setcf Gata pois ssl tof the given ta a oe greatt omar ram ° aT ecg ot tenet ol js method gh sec ymmaner me Sotamy ie reeanse =: von gra ae eS a eraecesten oer es eee. ; ip general secon gree o Abeom mn Pentti (2 rprven an lie fab?» 0 pablo 1? = Can hyperols fab? < eon fs and yar sme ahr mn ten we get re ‘A stig nei obtained y puting =b == 0. Te uation) can then becomes p= 2h = 0 which reprint on 1 pret form each pont on the cares presente y= union of sgl prs. ‘or two-dimensional tan, the coon coardats of 0 poit Pen the cove Wht 8 aramterare given, rexmyeye and te poston veto of point Pen itis hen by, Pe = me yer The sope ofthe cure yout ye a 7 ae ove deh") parent clleretton wh respec tt ‘The curve end pots and te lng ae flan by the range of parameter i convert 0 tale setonen Dana 1 F, and ate wo positon vectors of pels on the sight Ine, the parametric representation of the sight ke segment beeen to poston vets andl, P= AeemADt Ostsd MOTRIN) octet a WO = ne Wt Example : forthe potion vectors hy B 4} and Fy [5 2) detmipe the puranetic represerticn oh line segment beeen thm Also cetorine the sop a tngen ca of {hele segment Te parame representatin oft sight ne io = Fie Ps-POt = Po = Barat; ostsd Parametictepreranation of andy components 3, x0 = as OWT » M0 = 34% wos nowt 7 yo = avert Tangentvector” PC) = (0 71 =a-a ‘Slope ofthe ine segment aust ae 7 ovat uma: comparison ofnon-pramatrc and parame representations fr ete theft quadrant: the no-ptanstie representation ofthe unite nthe est quadrats yViB, @sxs0 -0 nit paramere repesrtaon SIGE] ose “a Sl limb aa peecan - am ous [358 ts] waren “0 In aright angled & OAB, x= soe Bete, oseine the value of r ooo cree tin te son-aamelePESEAtON of the unt Gg ' y= Vint, 0sxs1 pa cys tana wy ye ison , y= 05 eet det tin ms of and hen ints uot representation of unit clei, . % that age i "Sf aaiag a "Yecrutn cae vihete ate cj (0,0) anc radi is Omir 8 é Te equtn ot hdd nthe linda, mead Mts CHEER + athe alvin ta sitsof pana equ: , mea y srsing ese X= c058, yasing : ae tag y 210088 : pease Pact lutte tpt : penne 1s hereagyzkersng ne oseste y= sin30*=05 8 rshersngyske rend BH y= 05 Merton process: Y Typ teaterg rent) ~ 7 x ; 71-0866) pats ee) \ rar ‘les eveyone ogin creed cig ast. int where = 1,2 3 ble ced, theres an equ incerert inthe ancl Let sic te pois onthe ce ae ufos ‘isc ae) te : oe No, ait he Ty yee aerees®, i = yersng = 2OBEL 95 “engined y+ 0269" wy 8th “0 ° y= 0s “age tsa a ss used for pares tufag the unio val of an vale an Hea Gane spats Seti oh representations (earametie and on-prameti) yap, ena tnout Bae asse B= ae = reor@e ey 0 6285 ~ in sn to) = (£056) cox 68~ (sng) sndo = meorde=ysin gs de® Fan 9 = Hin Qcor8o + coe sind, = (in cos 86+ e088 sin 66 = nce 88 acne = mando + cose ne cao, Sita Tha wo get te recon equate ea = coe ysinto Yea © 80 neosss whic represents the rtasonct pla i by an amount a, auton) can be witen in matic forma, cosa tise ete nna nana gn by «2, nner nt dps en ce, snag closed cre, th fst pint (= 0) ad thea pont = 2c. Ths ‘cr ering muniuepons on the chinese to eat net pooe i omy zB Pneropn cin «2B sniterdontcim 9 a SBS ome Scone ef Clede: 7 ay Partie Genera aaa Dr th cra ft ogn crt cof ru nthe ft quan Coe ‘erly eeadn pois on he afte cre Werclesinenge ae -Atpoint ns gt agi 4086 coo, = 2 a) a +ori(t) [een points ret be geet on hi open ar thé ange uniformly ied in = Ree a aes serena] ouwin en, algatim to generate -unfomy spaced n pois on thee prey Theghen ilies? 2a 2 Algeria Step: Fist cust: 80 © Step 2: Obtain the values ef cos 60 nd sn 8.7 * Ti} s oo weto seston ya He nil Zen grim to generat rity pace n poison eae aeeg-we long rie N+ = Hea pt ete = hc te vl of cs 89 and sn 88, ercotnpctzonthe ex? += IL. on the hl wh carte baa setite inns Gonote the n points on the circle x? + y2= 1. mine ning ma Bosnian cto cor teen vraton mat by Wann gn 20 wae gn A sensors and con meee povnepamonne ce GP» 1 «a ha by ons ot oh cman coeds =o Taaawative Exam Nepean atom pce pos ne ic onan ‘ ME 5th, 0 the nil values of x and y ae x.and ys vat reece ()er@e3 Ae ranqearen@e cig sven unique pnts can be obtained. ne nt 1 vanstormetion mate Mesiestimtm ng nant om EL 7 ee 8 nenerth ante « nf Boo(3) oe oninae snes w(ea( fe age SITTAT Teen Pou oT Sue FT FT Soa AS tecenesaes ga Sessa Sst ron ideo Pa dons panto ee Has 3 seaman ine, fot eng by the Her 4 a8 hon wong ign eesmmrongme 32 EEE) oe od ies es:sed dl of ais 2. 088 ‘zap 4: at pees ois fe og nrc ela 2 wc ted #2, aladnas it scr ps on te c+ Zand x ees pins on te Se wat gated rec wantin tan, Git sag by te eee 2 an then sng bce et eee oe pat 2. m= sm - (IEE) si ver = oan nef fl pce pls ne et quant twit ce wit) ae (neo = reoiseveeset aysng=0 ne rane Fee geting theremin points we bave sn «on cor = cos e038 ig #08 80— ys (08239)~ (0382 asm 88 + 60516 «C382 + (09239) = 03827 238, he ovr rly ssc 3 t ‘ample 6 Witean apo t generate 3 pals op en 2Pe ye 2F =i setaton: The given eg (= 204 + 225 (O Nonber of point the ce w= 36 (i) Rade ofgivan cle = r= 5 {a0 Cente ofthe given dee # (LK ® 22) sop: congue, 20 = RET spas canton cath ose tints « sng = 03736 ssc so pis onde +P Biter Set ase yome one soy an : [im a eral > ee o.2. sd in pe eex8 ts any ecto ty naar ome, eet send eto bya tcersiy me[oso oon re eT BY Fast 0,0) 1002, - 2) of 100 . me|0 20 222 rotated mat m= sm mn 500 * sépdnton the le fe 2+ y+ 29» 25 gan by, Delygxs ® Olas poor ‘am Site: gen cles, ae I ramber of pals = n fndus=e = 5 cere) = 4) 3 Sesig mac fr sang xan Gro ya fc be ‘esa matic Ta by easing 0,080 2,88) mes The combi asamatonmate i, - (RIES zothul apiece oa cin by re 2 Rhee [: s ‘| corm, -orm a |b 2 oa caro. ‘ozo 2 sis 75385 1 29 nase 7588 2 -asss avees 2 ete sass o4basmoa ; 5 Poet ae meee —Feanpe G4 GineteFunlomy wid Poni on De NETRA T= he "ons ces« Pan Poe, ta AS Ss sins» aate rina pi aan ow fs tel = en [Sy St ver weal = to [328, 235%5 inte fond = bo [Seay gas toni «0 0[ Shas tsa ben = tases 2672, ve zineg tt = a [SEE Sa bl © st92 asenn) patconsnconnde — » [Set eae resin pst 08 [Sia en] peya = essen asec [ °Soen6 aa pom» 96466 Tr tee ps ue show flog i, Tete faonctt | Foils Wi : 7 a) 2 | tees zarea 3 | eau ase 2. | pan essa : pa apie 695 sega Solution Tw equton fle indy? = 4B and oe tore Garand antl paced pols on thea ofa Cece +7 # as238 03026 nto and Ten pole» 1 ez, hands mo [Shy 28) +t [ie one] tame oats Ques Oda ant 0385 wea -0 a [ Sie tae] ve vt» tacos 20 srt oan soa txt [Sia Gan bes yl = 49492 49482) bo wl = oeya = 579. sate oe Is yd = 1 7) J are show ory ee Bein a8 Shown inthe foloving tbe : : om ba yg i 2a no oman eaese 2m 69482 45483) etl natn own [cy sin con ome an een ane inte Sa] te rowstoon ee ma Bi See ewe -Tipcrnredcice of radius obtain vosaiee ‘yco3 88 = ysin 69 ‘ton 4 De he gn mai en oh tn Sep a tne pt he ecto 2 Streto ts ofpanmetieguten tere cices oy +2 2 Stet esol paneer ne ce be=hi eka, 4 Obninan geno gente rio pcan pion cde ya SS. Fovewth anton sg get esp oe dnt oO whther the following statement are True or Fal i eet safuanetic curve length are fed by the range of “ON Poti ee eee fo Gee entoy sed pet on 6 ac ofthe ce? oy ae ent "Wren surametic representation of the unit eit ‘ “ya Vine -2exs2 : "tuanetic representation of unit él inte ist quadrants eee ‘quadeant. i aa eee Mes yl So gaat ne peed 2 neminwcesea pi rh ease eee Cen arene < eneqengmremmntennattna noses 5 neues pase tected SAE $$ tse yesng osost. : Gee ee edevade con. ce sesame sco su Gesees) 2 no 7; -2eer 6asee, (asueD 4955, (64ets 20789, (7 2p al paves ae B aL paris uaz Ga i, ooine -s289 8 51 azee -an04 2. anon peseton PQ) 2)» 81 ¢0<1 panmeicrepeseson oi sy carder woeten ye 2 seatemosten eepetd ne gece 03 calf [4] a a He wa bom in Hain fon Gene He pd sone, ‘ras nd retuned back t Gene When ew x 2 be ed as Profs of mater in Gene Urey ys 12400. is ook on Gromety wis pubted in 1732 AO. The demas Hines ef materia war 20 much that was publaed ny 13748175040. succes Farther hs book on Aiebai’ caver wat sp published In 2750, A ie bok publihed lo Geneva, He publaes mary research papers on Physes with mater Prague i lia Gara where was only 5 ers ld leaving fen and adr byt ‘Space caves phy an nsoian le in englneeting the ag of automate bode ted fpacec fay, ip hal. They a phy an lnporan ro In mala weet elon Sores and ste cn be genet om he hen frp ta ‘ore pei the pins at conel the shape of he cena pedable way, hee tev aed ene. en8g 45). ia.as {onto pons inated by dete govern th shape of cave), A polroml uncon! die ninx gen by. Ea When ort tages equation when = 2 we ga gust when n= 3 ® eb polyno aso on. Pojpemi ae ul nope nding he design ‘apts. Oesring object shapes is done by specing fw points to deine 2 ge © ‘onto and then tig th sled pits wih polond heN sre tego seebydtta 49 F.48: Spine cre songs cre in 10 contin th ii opens - $c ebro seme et mt proc "i es 2 ae arg te ep ces tof ps ota he eng cave apn anon ae pe aires ease eter ae ia eee eerie ae ae erie eee eset eeer emt “ire ae bee mod for epresntaonof sine ive: I) ung te ofbenday orton npeed ene spline cave (3) sg the nticicn cuneate eine ee Garb ett of eng ton (Bema bu con wich earn ig ce gets ona cr condo een psn 10°8 Seanapen. Fon dscigton of «space cave ls ebnned witout prvcustcnleoe regarding ne stapect he ne re on wo wig: eet anes nd ice pentane Se cat ny pas on he eae ass HA Fig A? teppei secon oe fited othe gener contol pit th wot mes aaa a he eligi sl 1 sprint wo =m See Fig, 4.20 below. Tite docs sve proprio Bee ce, Properties ren ues ug ert cont pst Se 1) haar enn aerogenes frm eng cote pn. ip ersten ods unto a Fig 8 encanto and ait With OPEN ST ol po the con points & ceca seansormation 2 ‘eae be ranted ecaled or rotated wth taste gunna " sate calc a mt pge bundy at ence er cons net(9 Twecare foto hapa of ne ening py ny inthe comel aig Fae Fig. Aa Besereare (Te dtecton of be eangnt vector at heed pois Bethe ae tf te sector earned by te fet an st segments B5Hy Ey=ahy of eet (up Seer cae pyro 1 resem pon cue sgn, aoa or aetemirg Ps A0Lar Sie canbe setup by ning erence ators. ey = «ey Poo = Flas) osted -a Le P 0 Boel #Bdg 200+ fain 200~ 2 Balan thre (0 ote ete fen lenang fc whch defond a ~ (2) «mtn -0 @ fas ‘or the fet pont on tu Sener curve att = pimpe=8P=". 4, rizo nna = EDD nid B28"! otorieo rnin re “ Paeeno=s) r= Boi oO) 5 and the ft plot on i tn ny int on the Bee" cue oe ast point onthe Be'ser curve ates ° oocy = nitd=D°"! 6 forinn sauen = BaD ope 1 ast pont on 1 igen 2.3.4 ete) whi be Ml fre ere we cond some ewes (or a PO) = tage) + Bly300 + ahaa eres azo + Be Tene nee C282 20E 9 em mowed 71 Pos mou POH N00 85 4085+. 200 82+ 4908 = G-0"0e3t0 = 38a: + Poy Soe a3 1aye GO—6tt+ a Bye E3P=3) BF OB nae!spseScome 8) Comp. Goo, ‘scan Be wten in matic fora, pe ol} olle ode, Pe = meta When n= 4 2010 897141008,» 14300 8p 4300 B+ 3089 ea ‘on espension we get ee PO © Ctra s 6st 85+ ate sansa a S6-120 eb pseu ay ‘This can be written in matrix form as, ee 4 Loe wate 4 awa] & pwemeern] 6 12 6 0 0 || & 44 0 0.0 |] 10. 0,.0 oka ‘example 4.20 +H Bp 3), B23) Ba(4 3] and 8 [23 a he verens of «See Fane Solution : The parametric equation ofthe Beer curve PO = Aol y+ Ja 200.81 + Ja 20) Bo a0 Bs stsh 2 1-18 Bp + 3 1B +, ae -0B2e PBs Taco esa-vtea) 280-061 8T = x o 1(Q)« earns esosiasraa-sesren en 270 a = uss penn +os7siea +0275 431+ 052581 = (27525) E Zz - ange Fie ene, 82081 3 605 ns bee ed op Prandratet 048, Salon: The prieticegnin tt ee cane, POO lar as, ety tgs 20-88 +88) sawn ma-ateae ewes, Poem = 2-009813}+204nA-oan HoT AION, = onus) oamnysa saxsentan, ease 15150 925 = a-easeian +2429 0-029 025" 05, = osast2 11-025 60 +0878 105 51378) rae 421d pune ein sr cine by cont os mathe a see anu vend pst wr be pot erence pane aes 03-02 03.08 Setaton The aa eh = ate ase 220 atte ROD 2 gePngenG-oRae ee pew + G-2Ha- 2000-0028 + APE 7D mmtey sone eae omen) 0220551 plan) = osefee +0322] +0084eah= BARS opay= 09 2023) 09 (611 235, ‘nays 035(.e «048 a] o25(4NL= ELT os = exe) 048021+ 02513-15360. Foon wc) 026 = HA pan «ows -012081° 0493s ADT] © gpa 022031 rattan 28248) 02803 + 08016112 BALSIS) ion wee ari, Pes pos = ooneaple 433 5 Fd the pcamaticequton of te Bes cane, abee AH A 82 and (20) the vers ofthe Bear paon, Aan th oon vd the Foire onthe cre consponding te parameter eer 63, 02,03, 08, rare quan ofthe Beer cae PO = SoBe 08,4 2002+ ss eee ee Taare + a-Weaexa-t3)+3°0-up. +89, Pen = o707+028R3)+0078+000 20, = pseo2an, Pan = 05121021 +0384 (23) 05868210008 20) = nom2360 0543 (021 + 0441251403890 21+ 0027220 = 1508 2307, Plas = o216t021+ 0432231 0288(821+ 006420) = pusse2204, Pas) = a225(021+ 0375 231+ 0375182) 0325 20) = (252125, Pras) = costco) +0208 3) + 048212210216 20) = (2300156, (an) = 0627(02}»0389(23) -0481 821-0343 20) = oer 2509, avasescenasuvconn At oon « oor(o2}omse (21+ OSt4821~ 0S120 = 36207 p99 = 00a 02) 0027123) = riaose +0288 821+ 0729120) seg i ar corve an ‘eal A Gv Bh 1B 3, Bs 3 on 120,038 035,05 065, 085,1 Solution: The paranlc equation ofthe Baier cure, POO = Mat Bor yn B+ 4200 B1> ay ere reer ertece Dery = OPO rao 8) +38 a—0 43) ¢ PO Pos oa «mn Pooas) = aersnn. 1) + 0325 3) + 0058143) + 0008143) = sures) P0025) = arrs 13] Faea 2a) +0239 (¢3] 0421431 = 282367 Poos) = 0125 111+ dars 23) + 0375143) «0325142, = D525) 282211 0239 2] + O444 69] + 0275143) = 11222367 Floss)» onos(aa ous (23) 02563] + asia i431 = peers) Poy= an er Possa a cipnn i inaoeizan eget cnonaana einlimtesenroseered ed eT es comer ‘he pean ge =k lee a nay na saat sk sng be nien ne Tan ae oped beam Now cig Weed artnet cose roe gan, in the article 4.2, we have clscussed about the Geer cine. Ks any sdranages ad eo hey cations in various flex. But It has some dranback which have bee eetome in sing 1 Fest the degre ofthe polynemia am which the cv Salad depends one ae ontrl point (eres ofthe defining pelygon thas tha manber ones ponte ee ® cable curve If the numberof contol pons swe ge fourth dere ere Tus He ber of conto polts I (+ 3. we get nPdegte carve. Seandy, the Bate unton din the paromatic representation of the Geer have globe tue which means tthe fol the Serntan fonction gen BY whtanense Frome pine bts ht fda and ln at a cn smock eens oh it tony keh May k= Lore erage Ensen Taped hein wigan de save = (S)torertoenen on-zero over the entre range of parameter Thus Beir cures dona sow fr ne cont tne cane shape. I e decide to change the poston ofthe eonvl pis the ete ce wi ected. "The theory of B-apins was fit Intiuced 1 pole the curve, where tls parameter. The pa ‘ etcetera te pon cet me rametric equation of B-spline curve is given gaa ste pte eninge ce wean 2 PED = ENED: f tin StS trex teoete@-K+2) ere, 86 = 0,2.) be the contre polnts nM Kate beblening funtion). tn norman B-sineDass foeionFem Lh panne non te Bspon ane Poo = EMama.ostssq202 ie0sres = Neat B0+ N38, + Maa 85 10 8 Nast 8+ Nes) can sie he ge Sy tet eta 5 65 ng aE aston Sr Oiae Qe ave dae dige dye sires eam om me m= 19022345 5) Here we gus ncn cdr to, ce om eguon me ae Nai * o-8Ns 0 Na + Uys 2~oM Na = ADM ste B-ON Ae Na = @-21M43 + -ONI NGM = O31 Nat = @- Ma Sibu al tet vale neato ne gt hepa etn oe can as oon PO = OOM 10% O) N+ 2-H IE, + it-0 (0 O-9m t8 sI-2 mst 9H, M39 + 69ND s-9nKs8, Naat -0 Now wing equation oa, Nat =a sHostes NO = 0 sete From equation we, Po) *G-0nst8, Hoste PO) = B-0Get=n8, #242 P= B-Ume0-28, H2ste2 P= 0B 3)8y 1 ete ona Pa = B-UNrt-H 5, fasts A TR enuaon sth ame plea Proper: a ® @ F ® o tenn FO 7 Tem Pa het einen cesar pee eh et ag | cqusionotBsping 2, or ryove te along POPeTE ’ rit gga gt bss uo fan pI ean Enno et ae cnn bin scone ney with aNd L014, rt ontlpi he cove debe wh tba hn, re usar genly tow te hope fei agen ress conte conpeta inthe cones hl bed gg Tyne voteaten cn be seped 0 he Bop ys ing pobgon ricer pot ‘he bainecaw evans pope Joy cote pcan tec ete ofa eae ene The peter ge B= 2 hed + bs portovin as ssting he wlon' em Raped ‘eta Opps ige ced nt ec eee uf 0b 8:12 3) BC Shand ind the potion vector ofthe pts on te ene ‘0 he parameter vats +03,08,08, int Soluton: The tre coil points Bf 0} 82 3] and Blt Mare ghar Teele, ne? rot = Qea-v-mma-e-ae ton Qea-weaemee ‘The prameticequaion of Beier cuve is FPO = Jot fad +1500 (8 42090203 es POs) * 8-039 1+ Ea-0503.037%H O30 » 048 1.0) +042 23] + 009142) = 1048.0 + 086 1.26 + 1036009) = fues235) Pag) = a~ osFto+@ena-| 06) 123) + sp (41) POO)-» 03611 01+ 048123) +036 63) POM = 0.166) + 0961.46» 148 036) POH) = B56 280) POs = d-o90 o}+ ao} a-09 23+ 09743 POS) = 00100) 028 2a +0100 Plo) = J901 @ +1036058 +2808) Pool» pass Position vector 03 hes 235) 06 (26 1.80) a8 Bet 335) Farnple 867 Find the porametic equation of 3} 83 (6. ind the pont coresponding othe parameter valu t= 0357 Solution: The three contol points 8 [-2 31-2 [1 3}, B16 Hare gen therfore, “n= 2 ne = Qea-wea-e = ayo « @ea-vena-0 sat « Cea-wee nematic be (Po) = Jot [Bd + Jan) 1B) + 22.200 (Bad ae cee aneno-00 31°48 Getler curve wih conve porw EE? 3 : fe t= 0387 gives “= Pessn« 0357420 mymama-cossyaa. este Passns casera oaasin3 sax En DP easm= ome ons ast + ret-asg Example 43712 16 4965 3053 he vere of ese pgen on etn the pina = 02.14, 08 08 ofthe Ber ce. Ace Be ae ‘rin Tesormlpanoe ALN AB Aad is nat «Gene a-2 wo Oe oe ee ° “npr euton rc Ped = note) A2 N+ Aa (reg = G-ORNRa-wRd 20-0631) sas recabproeno-ea gen a-crb5sA28 re nionewenn mea 900298 encore ea spoon pene en 108298 rE eeTe Ser carves od the owe gunratzaon fo Epine cunt a We tease ‘hich are characterized by the act hat some pots on th cv pas teugh te con Sut dene een. iTS Ea 1 Polyromil of Beier curve for ous mambo of enti) ‘control pnts sezercave % Fo) By point sat fee P= = +8 ner promis ett Po «d= s'ne 2d 018 +Pe) Ques pobnomat 8B Piva, 30.= ePe etree team mas < 7 roren[? me aeae sal {@) State whwter te ellowing statement are True or ale: 1 Seance ira pyri of depree ones than the mba of csp, 4 Ine Bey cing he degree of the pejneml defining the cane sere ‘henonae of eting polygon pols 1. The control points of «Bez curve are Bu? 1, Bid 3) and 846,08 Nee point corespondng to parameter = OS pe tay wo ee om bree op 2 frvobta }emadmumauton wt of ot wi Ganswers) (i= T2-@ Wy avon 1 Ste the propenesofBezeiecurve 2 plan the term: Cervera 2% tlinInerpoltin and approximation of th set of conta poets