The organs of the gastrointestinal system, commonly called the

alimentary tract, form a tube-like passage through the body cavities,

extending from the mouth to the anus. The alimentary tract consists of
the mouth pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large
intestine. The liver with gallbladder and pancreas are the large glands of
the alimentary tract.
The main functions of this system are to carry food for digestion, prepare
it for absorption and to carry waste material for elimination.
The first division of the alimentary tract is formed by the mouth.
Important structures of the mouth are the teeth and the tongue, which is
the organ of taste, the salivary glands, the soft and hard palates. From the
mouth food passes through the pharynx to the esophagus and then to the
stomach.
The stomach is a dilated portion of the alimentary canal. It is in the upper
part of the abdomen under the diaphragm. The stomach is composed of a
fundus, a body and an antrum. In the stomach the components of food
are dissolved and hydrolyzed by enzymes of saliva and gastric juice.
Different gastric glands are found in the stomach. They produce
hydrochloric acid and pepsin to digest food.
The small intestine is a thin-walled muscular tube about 6.5 meters long.
It is composed of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. The large intestine
is about 1.5 meters long. It is divided into caecum, colon and rectum.
The liver is the largest gland in the human body. It is the right upper part
of the abdominal cavity under the diaphragm. The gallbladder is a hollow
sac lying on the lower surface of the liver. The pancreas is a long thin
gland lying under and behind the stomach.
In the case of gastrointestinal disease or disorders, the functions of the
gastrointestinal tract are not achieved successfully.