PRESSURE VESSELS AND

PIPING SYSTEM DESIGN

(ENME4125)
--- DESIGN CONCEPTS

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DESIGN OF SHELL

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THIN WALLED PRESSURE
VESSELS
 Thin wall refers to a vessel having an inner-
radius-to-wall-thickness ratio of “10” or more
(r / t ≥ 10).

According to the dimensions:

• The pressure vessels, according to their
dimensions, may be classified as thin shell or
thick shell.
• Thin shells are used in boilers, tanks and pipes
• If the r/t ratio is lesser than or equal to 10, then it
is said to be a thick shell. Thick shells are used
in high pressure cylinders, tanks, gun
barrels etc.

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THIN WALLED PRESSURE
VESSELS

Note:

Another criterion to classify the pressure vessels as thin shell or

thick shell with respect to internal fluid pressure (p) and
the allowable stress (σt).

• If the internal fluid pressure (p) is less than 1/6 of the

allowable stress, then it is called a thin shell.

• On the other hand, if the internal fluid pressure is greater

than 1/6 of the allowable stress, then it is said to be a thick
shell.

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THIN WALLED PRESSURE
VESSELS – ‘FAILURE POSSIBILITY DUE
TO INTERNAL PRESSURE’

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THIN WALLED PRESSURE
VESSELS – ‘LONGITUDINAL STRESS’

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THIN WALLED PRESSURE
VESSELS – ‘CIRCUMFERENTIAL OR
HOOP STRESS’

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THIN WALLED PRESSURE
VESSELS – ‘SPHERICAL’

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THIN WALLED PRESSURE
VESSELS – ‘SPHERICAL’

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THIN WALLED PRESSURE
VESSELS – ‘SPHERICAL’

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THIN WALLED PRESSURE
VESSELS – ‘SPHERICAL’

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THIN WALLED PRESSURE
VESSELS – ‘SPHERICAL’

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THIN WALLED PRESSURE
VESSELS – ‘SPHERICAL’

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Spherical Shell

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THIN WALLED PRESSURE
VESSELS
Design Formula:
Basic formula for designing the ‘cylindrical shell’ is
σ1 = PD/2t
Therefore, t = PD/2σ1
Where,
 t = thickness of shell
 P = internal pressure
 D = diameter of shell
 σ = tensile stress
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THIN WALLED PRESSURE
VESSELS
 This basic formula is modified in international
design codes.
 For ASME Sec VIII, thickness of the cylinder is
calculated by following formula (Fig. 3)

Where ,
t = thickness of shell
P = internal pressure
R = radius (inner) of cylinder
S = tensile stress
E = joint efficiency 36
Refer ASME Sec VIII Div 1 for design formulas
for all sections of the vessel/cylinder.
Problems

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Problems

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Problems

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Problems

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Problems

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Problems

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Problems (HW)

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Note: Repeat the Calculation in S.I Unit

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Solution:-

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 Problems

Using ASME equation, find the thickness ‘t’.

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Problems

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Problems

Using ASME equation, find the thickness ‘t’.

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 Problems
Assume a Cylindrical Boiler is constructed 700°F, if the Material = SA-515-
60, Di = 96 inch, Pi = 1000 Psi, C = 0.125 inch, E = 0.85, then find the
thickness ‘ t’ using ASME equation.

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 Problems
Assume a Spherical Boiler is constructed 800°F, if the Material = SA-516-70,
Di = 96 inch, Pi = 1000 Psi, C = 0.125 inch, E = 0.85, then find the thickness ‘ t’
using ASME equation.

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Today’s (8/12/22) Lecture Topics:

1. Head Designs (hemispherical, ellipsoidal, tori-

spherical, conical, flat)

Note: Let us solve problems for hemispherical,

tori-spherical & flat

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DESIGNS FOR HEAD AND COVER

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Solution:-

Let us consider in this session – Shell theory formula & ASME

equation formula

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Also, find the ‘thickness’ of ‘Unstayed Head’ (C = 0.10) for the same values of
Pressure & Allowable Stress.

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Today’s (14/12/22) Lecture Topics:

Nozzle & Reinforcement Requirements

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DESIGN FOR NOZZLE S AND OPENINGS

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. Consider the values of Ts = 0.2 m & Tn = 0.1 m.

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DESIGN OF VESSEL SUPPORTS

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 PRESSURE VESSEL – Complete Sizing Problem 1

The example shown in Fig. 9.2 uses the design approach indicated by the Code to
perform a simple sizing calculation for a typical welded carbon steel vessel.
Figure 9.3 shows a typical shell-nozzle juncture and head-shell juncture which
meet the code requirements. Design specifications for the many associated vessel
parts such as bolted flanges, external attachments, and saddle supports can be
found in the reference materials.

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PRESSURE VESSEL – Complete Sizing Problem 2

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PRESSURE VESSEL – Complete Sizing Problem 3

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PRESSURE VESSEL – Complete Sizing Problem 4

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PRESSURE VESSEL – Complete Sizing Problem 5

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PRESSURE VESSEL – Complete Sizing Problem 5

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PRESSURE VESSEL – Complete Sizing Problem 5

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PRESSURE VESSEL – Complete Sizing Problem 5

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