DAY 23 – RELATIVE CLAUSE

(Mệnh đề quan hệ, mệnh đề tính ngữ)

1. Definition (Định nghĩa) and Positions (Vị trí)
A relative clause (adj clause) functions as an adjective and modifies a noun or pronoun.
Eg1. The man who is sitting by the fire is my father.
Eg2. I really like the hat that my mom gave me on my birthday!
* Relative clauses are divided into two types: defining and non-defining.
+ A defining relative clause is used to clearly define who or what is being referred to.
Without this information, it would be difficult to know who or what is being mentioned.
Eg 3: I have two sisters who are teachers.
+ A non-defining relative clause provides additional information which is not essential
to understanding the meaning of a sentence.
Eg 4: John's mother, who lives in Scotland, has 6 grandchildren.

NOTE:
Eg: The girl (who lives next door) is my friend
Mệnh đề quan hệ
bổ nghĩa cho “The girl”
+ Mệnh đề quan hệ thường đứng sau Danh từ
+ Phân loại: Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định, có thể bỏ đi được, ngăn cách bởi dấu phẩy
Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định, không thể bỏ đi được

2. Relative Pronouns (đại từ quan hệ)

There are three kinds of relative pronouns: subject relative pronouns, object relative
pronouns, and possessive relative pronouns.
Case Subject Object Possessive (sở hữu) +
Modified Noun (chủ ngữ) (Tân ngữ) Noun
People Who Who/whom Whose
Things, animals Which Which Whose/of which
People, things, animals That That -
2.1. Subjective relative pronouns:
I know the person who is standing in line.
The car which is in the garage is Steve’s
2.2. Objective relative pronouns:
The girl (whom/who) I met yesterday is my best friend.
He took the medicine (which) the doctor prescribed.
I ran into a woman (whom) I had worked with.
I ran into a woman with whom I had worked.
MS. HUYỀN CHI – LỚP TOEIC THẦY LONG 1
 NOTE: Incorrect: “with that”, “with who”
2.3. Possessive relative pronouns:
I rented a house whose roof was blue.
I had to meet with my neighbour, whose dog I have been watching.
The students are writing a report, the topic of which is Korean history.

Note:

1, Khi ta thấy thiếu chủ ngữ: ____+V

+ Who/Which/that +V

2, Thiếu tân ngữ

Eg: The girl( Who/Whom) I met yesterday is beautiful.

+ Who/Whom/Which/that + S +V

+ Khi ĐTQH làm tân ngữ cho động từ ta có thể lược bỏ đi được

 Khi ĐTQH làm tân ngữ cho giới từ:

+ Chỉ được dùng Whom và Which

Eg: I like the girl with Whom I work

Không được lược bỏ ĐTQH khi làm tân ngữ cho giới từ:

3, Khi ĐTQH làm TTSH

- Whose + N

4, Eg: The flight was cancelled, which is bad

+ Bổ nghĩa cho cả 1 vế câu, ngăn cách với mệnh đề bằng dấu phẩy và dùng với
V(ít). Ví dụ: Which+ V(ít)

3. Trạng từ quan hệ (when, where, why)

MS. HUYỀN CHI – LỚP TOEIC THẦY LONG 2

 3.1. When: Là trạng từ quan hệ để thay thế cho cụm từ/từ chỉ thời gian.
….N (time) + WHEN + S + V … (WHEN = ON / IN / AT +
WHICH)
Eg. I remember the day on which we first met.
 I remember the day when we first met.
Eg. There was a very hot summer the year in which he was born.
 There was a very hot summer the year when he was born.
3.2 : Where: Trạng từ quan hệ để thay thế cho các từ/cụm từ chỉ địa điểm, nơi chốn.
….N (place) + WHERE + S + V …. (WHERE = ON / IN / AT +
WHICH)
Eg. That’s the restaurant in which we met for the first time.
 That’s the restaurant where we met for the first time.
Eg. That picture was taken in the park at which I used to play.
 That picture was taken in the park where I used to play.
3.3 : Why: Trạng từ quan hệ why mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ lý do, thường thay cho
cụm for the reason, for that reason.
…..N (reason) + WHY + S + V …
Eg. Tell me the reason for which you came home late.
 Tell me (the reason) why you came home late.
Eg. Do you want to know the reason for which he is angry with Sally?
 Do you want to know (the reason) why he is angry with
Sally? CHECK-UP 1:

NOTE:

Practice

MS. HUYỀN CHI – LỚP TOEIC THẦY LONG 3

 1. Passengers(S … wish to have 3. The training is for
vegetarian programmers(.TTSH…. jobs involve
meals )should notify our flight staff. entering data.)
(A) who (A) who
(B) whose (B) whom programmers: nội động từ
(C) when (C) whose
(D) what (D) that
2. To stay competitive in the global market, 4. We would like to welcome Dr. Zhang,
we need to know….our customers need. (..S… made significant contributions to our
(A) what company.)
(B) that (A) whom
(C) when (B) whose
(D) which (C) who
(D) that
5. This is the place(……the terrible car 10.The room(..the training will take place )is
accident happened.) on the fourth floor.
(A) that happended: nội động từ (A) where
(B) which (B) which
(C) where( trạng từ quan hệ) (C) that
(D) what (D) what
take plance= happened: xảy ra
6. Those of (you..TTSH……passports have 11. …..should I talk to about the mistake in
expired)should inform the travel agency. my bill?
(A) who (A) Who
(B) whom (B) What
(C) that (C) Which
(D) whose (D) That
7. Mr. Simon,(..S….is the head of the 12. The cafeteria(…. we had lunch) has
main office), is responsible for all just been closed by health inspectors.
administrative functions. (A) which
(A) whom (B) where( trạng từ quan hệ)
(B) who (C) that
(C) whose (D) whose
(D) that
8, Describe any activities in….you 13. The show was held at the hall,(..S….
participated for your community. was renovated just last month.)
(A) that (A) what
(B) who (B) where
(C) whom (C) that
(D) which (D) which
9. The kitchen staff(..S….. work here) are 14. Most computers have software(…
all on temporary contracts. enables us to create professional posters.)
(A) that (A) that
(B) whom (B) who
(C) which (C) whom
MS. HUYỀN CHI – LỚP TOEIC THẦY LONG 4
(D) whose (D) whose
15. The project(… is funded by the 18. Most of the reports…..are submitted by
government) is nearly complete. our sales staff suggest improvement.
(A) that (A) which
（B） who (B) whose
(C) whom (C) who
(D) what (D) what
16. ----- was said during the meeting by the 19. Were looking for a new
sales manager was questionable. manager(…..responsibilities include
(A) What international marketing.)
(B) That (A) who
(C) Which (B) whom
(D) Whose (C) that
(D) whose
17. We are cooperating with Vector 20. All workers(..S….want to ask for an
Corporation,….is developing at an extended holiday) should submit a written
amazing pace. form.
(A) which (A) who
(B) that (B) whom
(C) what (C) whose
(D) whom
develop vừa là ngoại động từ vừa là nội
động từ

MS. HUYỀN CHI – LỚP TOEIC THẦY LONG 5

MS. HUYỀN CHI – LỚP TOEIC THẦY LONG 6
4. Reduced relative clause (Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ)
4.1. Dùng cụm V-ing
The professor who is teaching mathematics will leave the university.
 The professor teaching mathematics will leave the university.
4.2. Dùng cụm Vp2
The place which was chosen for the reception is beautiful.
 The place chosen for the reception is beautiful.
4.3. Dùng cụm động từ nguyên mẫu “to infinity”
Dùng khi danh từ đứng trước có các từ bổ nghĩa như: THE ONLY, THE LAST, số
thứ tự như: THE FIRST, THE SECOND…, hoặc so sánh hơn nhất
He is the last man who left the ship
 He is the last man to leave the ship.
4.4. Khi mệnh đề quan hệ có dạng: S + BE + (CỤM) DANH TỪ /(CỤM) TÍNH
TỪ/CỤM GIỚI TỪ

MS. HUYỀN CHI – LỚP TOEIC THẦY LONG 7

Football, (which is) a popular sport, is very good for health.
N
I want to know the person (who is) responsible for this mess.
adj
The park (which is) around my house is open for day use only.
Prep phrase
The box, (which was) on the table, was made in Italy.
Prep phrase (cụm giới từ)