Mata Kuliah : Lab.

Bahasa Inggris (TOEFL)

Kelas / Semester : D3/ 2
Topik : Structure and Written Expression
Media : sim.unissula. google classroom, Whatsapp group

1. Indirect Statement dengan dengan kata tanya: what, who, when, where dll.
Indirect statement adalah kalimat pernyataan yang disampaikan dengan menggunakan
kata-kata tanya (5W+1H) dan bukan kalimat tanya. Biasanya diawali dengan kalimat
pertama kemudian disambung dengan salah satu dari (5W+1H).
Misal: I don‟t know who she is. I don‟t know when he went.
I don‟t understand what he said.

1. We are considering buying a house in Gainesville, but we want to find out there first.
(A) what the taxes are (C) the taxes what are
(B) what are the taxes (D) the taxes are
2. I didn‟t hear when he gave us the assignment.
(A) what the professor says (C) what the professor said
(B) that the professor said (D) which the professor says
3. I wonder where .
(A) he did go (B) did he go (C) he went (D) went he

2. Command
Command adalah kalimat perintah. Ada 2 bentuk yaitu positive command (perintah), dan
negative command (larangan). Positive command dimulai dengan verb tanpa to, sedangkan
negative command dibentuk dengan „Don‟t + verb_1‟. Untuk negative command tidak
langsung, kita menggunakan … not to + verb 1.
1. Please photocopies of documents.
(A) not to submit (B) do not submit (C) no submit (D) not submit
2. Please Jimmy to tidy up his room. It‟s really in a mess.
(A) tell (B) do tell (C) told (D) to tell
3. The government was urged _____ bilateral relationship with Israel.
(A) established (C) don‟t establish
(B) not to establish (D) establishing

3. Either / Neither dan So / too

Jika ada kalimat pernyataan negative dan kita ingin mengatakan hal yang sama, yaitu
pernyataan negative, maka kita bisa menggunakan kata “Neither + Modal / Kata Bantu +
Subject”, atau dengan “ modals / kata bantu + not either. Untuk kalimat positive, yang
dipergunakan adalah “So + modal / kata bantu + subject” atau “Subject + modal / kata
bantu + too.”
1. I don‟t like iced tea, and .
(A) she doesn‟t too (C) neither does she
(B) either doesn‟t she (D) she doesn‟t neither
2. She cannot swim, and ________
(A) I can‟t too (B) either can‟t I (C) neither can I (D) I can‟t neither
3. He won‟t like this T-shirt, and ________
(A) I won‟t too (B) either won‟t I (C) neither will I (D) I also won‟t
4. My husband lived at home before we were married, and so .
(A) did I (B) had I (C) I had (D) I did
 SECTION 2: WRITTEN EXPRESSION

Bagian kedua section 2 adalah Part B yang berupa written expression. Teknis pengerjaannya
adalah dengan mencari error atau kesalahan gramatikal dalam Bahasa Inggris. Pengerjaan ini
dalam Part B disebut dengan Error identification. Kemampuan dan pengetahuan tentang kalimat
seperti pembahasan sebelumnya juga sangat membantu dalam pengerjaan Part B.
Setiap soal dalam Part B berupa kalimat lengkap yang di dalamnya terdapat kesalahan
gramatikal. Tugas kita adalah mengenali error tersebut dan menjadikannya sebagai jawaban.
Pilihan berupa kata atau frase yang digaris bawahi dan masing-masing dilabeli A, B, C, dan D.
Salah satu dari pilihan itu terdapat kesalahan grammatikal yang akan dijadikan jawaban soal.
Tipe-tipe persoalan yang ada di dalam Part B sama dengan dalam Part A. Sehingga 25
tipe persoalan di atas (dari puluhan tipe yang lain), dapat kita contohkan dalam Part B. Kita tetap
mengacu pada penjelasan teori dua belas type soal sebelumnya.

Latihan 1: Point of View

Pada beberapa soal di Part B Structure and Written Expression, anda akan diminta
mengidentifikasi kesalahan point of view, yaitu hubungan antara kata kerja di dalam klausa induk
(main clause) dan verb lain di dalam kalimat tersebut, atau bisa juga verbs dalam kalimat
tersebut dengan keterangan waktu. Perlu diingat kembali bahwa verb dalam kalimat
menyesuaikan keterangan waktu. Dalam kalimat-kalimat berikut perhatikan apakah verb yang
ada sesuai dengan verb lainnya yang ada, dan atau apakah verb tersebut telah sesuai dengan
keterangan waktunya.

1. Although there are approximately 120 intensive language institutes in

(A) (B) (C)
United States in 1970, there are more than three times as many now
(D)
2. Cartographers did not make an accurate map because the political situation in the area

changes so rapidly that they were not able to draw the boundaries correctly
(A) (B) (C) D
3. This year designers are showing very bright colors and styles that were worn
(A) (B)
closer to the body than those shown last year.
(C) (D)
4. Everyone who saw Star Wars said that it is one of the best science fiction
(A) (B) (C)
movies that had ever been released.
(D)
5. If there were no alternative we will try to get enough people interested to
(A) (B) (C) (D)
charter a bus.
6. Before he retired last April, Mr. Thompson is working as foreign student
(A) (B)
advisor for thirty years at Community College.
(C) (D)
7. When he tried to make a reservation, he found that the hotel that he wants
(A) (B)
was completely filled because of a convention.
(C) (D)

Latihan 2: Agreement
Pada beberapa soal di Part B Structure and Written Expression, anda akan diminta
mengidentifikasi kesalahan pada agreement. Agreement adalah kesesuaian antara subjek dengan
verb, atau antara noun dengan pronoun, atau antara pronoun dengan pronoun lainnya. Agar
sesuai, subjek dan verb harus sama-sama singular (tunggal) atau sama-sama plural (jamak); agar
sesuai, pronoun dengan noun atau dengan pronoun lainnya yang diacu harus sama-sama singular
atau plural, atau harus sama-sama masculine (laki-laki) atau feminine (perempun) atau netral.
Dalam kalimat-kalimat berikut, perhatikan apakah subjek dan verb, atau pronoun dengan noun
sudah sesuai.

1. If one does not have respect for himself, you cannot expect others to respect him.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2. What happened at Kent State in 1970 were the result of the president‟s order
(A) (B) (C)
to invade Cambodia.
(D)
3. The governor, with his wife and children, are at home watching the election
(A) (B) (C)
returns on television.
(D)
4. Those of us who belong to the National Association for Foreign Student
(A)
Affairs should have their memberships renewed in September.
(B) (C) (D)
5. Both a term paper and a final exam is required for Chemistry 320.
(A) (B) (C) (D)

6. Neither my traveler‟s checks nor the money that my father cabled me are
(A) (B)
sufficient to pay for the tickets.
(C) (D)
7. There have been little rain in the last twenty-four-hour period because of a
(A) (B) (C) (D)
high pressure area over most of the state.
8. Everyone who takes the examination will receive their score reports in six weeks.
(A) (B) (C) (D)

Latihan 3: Parallel Structure

Pada beberapa soal di Part B Structure and Written Expression, anda akan diminta
mengidentifikasi kesalahan pada struktur parallel. Sturktur parallel adalah penggunaan struktur
gramatikal yang sama untuk gagasan terkait yang sama pentingnya. Gagasan-gagasan yang
berkaitan dan memiliki tingkat kepentingan yang sederajat ini bisa berujud dalam bentuk daftar
(list), atau deret yang dihubungkan dengan kata sambung seperti and, but atau or. Dalam
kalimat-kalimat berikut perhatikan apakah verbs, adjective, keterangan yang ada telah disusun
secara parallel.

1. The committee decided to cancel its law suit, to approve the contract, and
(A) (B) (C)
that it would adjourn the meeting.
(D)
2. Air travel is fast, safe, and it is convenient.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3. Rock music is not only popular in the United States but also abroad.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4. Every day the watchman would lock the doors, turning on the spot lights, and
(A) (B) (C)
walk around the building.
(D)
5. To control quality and making decisions about production are among the
(A) (B) (C) (D)
many responsibilities of an industrial engineer.

6. I suggest that the instructor react to the situation by changing the textbook
(A)
instead of to modify the objectives of the course.
(B) (C) (D)
7. Dr. Johnson, the first woman elected president of the University, was
(A) (B)
intelligent, capable, and awareness of the problems to be solved.
(C) (D)
8. The insurance program used to include not only employees but their families.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Latihan 4: Redundancy
Pada beberapa soal di Part B Structure and Written Expression, anda akan diminta
mengidentifikasi kesalahan pada redundancy. Redundancy adalah pengulangan kata atau frase
yang tidak perlu. Pada kalimat-kalimat berikut, perhatikan apakah ada pengulangan kata atau
frase yang tidak perlu.

1. Some international students use a cassette recorder to make tapes of their

(A) (B)
classes so that they can repeat the lectures again.
(C) (D)
2. Blood plasma it is the transportation system for all of the widely separated
(A) (B) (C)
organs in the human body.
(D)
3. It is a good idea to be careful in buying or purchasing magazines from
(A) (B) (C)
salespersons who may come to your door.
(D)
4. Appointed by the General Assembly for five years, the Secretary-General of
(A) (B)
the United Nations must act in an impartial manner toward all members.
(C) (D)
5. Since there was not any clarity, the farm workers refused to sign the new
(A) (B) (C)
contract and voted to go on strike instead.
(D)
6. Men who lived thousands of years ago, long before alphabets were devised,
(A) (B)
they used pictures to record events and to communicate ideas.
(C) (D)
7. If one does not pick up his drycleaning within thirty days, the management is
(A) (B)
not obligated to return it back.
(C) (D)

Latihan 5: WORD CHOICE

Pada beberapa soal di Part B Structure and Written Expression, anda akan diminta
mengidentifikasi kesalahan pada pilihan kata (word choice). Word choice adalah pemilihan kata
yang menyatakan makna sebenarnya dari sebuah gagasan. Kadangkala perlu memilih kata-kata
yang mirip tetapi memiliki arti yang berbeda.

1. According to the Pythagorean theorem, the sum of the squares of the sides of a triangle is
A B C
 equal as the square of the hypotenuse.
D
2. Although you must get off while the bus is being cleaned, you may leave your suitcase
A B
and other belongings laying on your seats.
C D
3. The flag over the White House is risen at dawn every day by a color guard from the
A B C D
United States armed forces.

4. Mr. Davis had to sell his business because he made some unwise investments and went
A B C D
broke.

5. Commercials on the educational television network are generally shorter comparing those
A B C
on other networks.
D
6. After trying without success to talk with them, Mr. Brown lost his patience and
A B C
gave them their walking paper.
D
7. The economy class on most airlines is similar as the first class, but there is usually less
A B C D
space assigned to each passenger.

8. Since everyone would like to find an apartment near to the University, there are very few
A B C D
vacancies in the area.

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