Wood is a fuel that provides energy for industry and home heatingCombustion is the oxidation

process that provides heat and light. The heat from wood, gasoline, and kerosene is thermal energy.
Oil- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------
-------------------------- ----- ----- -------------- ---------------------------------- ---- ---------- ----Primary or natural
oils also include synthetic oilsAccording to the properties of oil, it can also be divided into natural oil
and synthetic oil.virgin oil or natural oilLiquid solid fuel for gaseous fuelFormer Oil and Gas Natural
Gassecondary fuels or synthetic fuelsOil oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil,
oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil Oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil,
oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oil, oilComparison of blood, water and
dieselLiquid solid produces oil mist1. Burns slowly and easilyLess in comparison. 5. Slow burn. 7.
Serious pollution. cars, but coal is used asFuel on the train. Compared to height. 5. Fast forward. 5.
Fast forward. 1. Rapid burning,Temperature can be controlled. 2. Very easy to use2. Very easy to
use4. caloric value4. The value of energy4. The value of energyVery high. 5. Fast burning speed. 7. A
little dirty. 7. A little dirty. combustion. combustion. combustion. 9. Mostly used in similar vehicles9.
Mostly used in similar vehiclesEssential oil propertiesIt should be very low in calories and gas. Affects
fuel temperature. The ash content should be less because the composition of ash affects the calorific
valuegreasy greasy greasy greasy Grease should be easy to transport, otherwise fuel costs will
increase. It must have a high calorific value. Low combustion temperatures can be achievedIt creates
a fire hazard. Fire is much hotter than burning oilIt should be heated to a comfortable temperature. No
toxic gases are released when burned. Can improve fuel efficiency. energy valueThe calorific value of
a fuel can be defined as the total amount of heat released when a unit is used.The entire mass of fuel
is burned with air or oxygen. Calorific value is measured in various heat units (calories, kilocalories,
imperial).There are two types of fuel calorific value:Gross calorific value GCV or high calorific value
HCVHCV is a high value or high fever that occurs when:When the full amount of fuel is consumed,
they consume the hot productsNet asset value NCV or LCV minus asset valueThe net or net calorific
value is the net or actual heat produced when a volume of unit mass is produced.If the fuel is allowed
to get too hot, the eggs will escape. In other words, HCV contains secretory agents.Water heat 587
k.calkg. Relationship between HCV and LCVLCV HCV The latent heat of water vapor is produced.
Since 1 part by mass of hydrogen produces 9 parts by mass of water as follows:The LCV HCV mass
of hydrogen 9 gives the latent heat of water vapor. LCV HCV 0.09 H 587LCV HCV 0.09 H 587H is the
amount of hydrogen in the fuel. Dulong proposed a formula to calculate the energy value.Chemical
composition. in other words. HCVc Carbon, H Hydrogen, Oxygen, S Sulfur are percentages of these
elements.coal 2. Calculate the gross and net calorific values of the following carbon samples:2.
Calculate the gross and net calorific values of the following carbon
samples:compositioncompositionGCV or HCV medicationGCV or HCV medicationNCV or LCV GCV
0.09 8 587NCV or LCV GCV 0.09 8 5873. As a result of the analysis, the weight structure of the
carbon sample is as follows. C 85, O 3The net calorific value was 8400k calkg. calculate itProportion
of hydrogen and total calorific value of carbonGCV NCV 0.09H 587 kcalkgNCV 52. GCV or HCVGCV
840052.8 5.647 8698.16kcalkgThe main solid fuels are wood, peat, lignite, coal and coal. It is used as
fuel. This tree contains a lot of carbon in the form of cellulose, jargon cellulose, whichBecome carbon.
Dry wood is equivalent to carbon 40 50The calorific value of wood is 4000 4500 k.cal kgCarbon filters
are well classified. Conduct carbon quality assessmentBinary analysis. 1. Stop filtering2. final
analysisW Proximity analysis is a simple technique for organic analysis and productionPractical
advice for working with charcoal. In this analysis, the amountCarbon dioxide and moisture content,
decomposition materials and ash content unknowna. Wet Remove a piece of coal from the boiler.
Heat to 1100°C for 1 hour and cool to room temperature in the oven. Moisture is removed in the form
of water vapor and the process is repeated until the endMoisture percentageLow moisture content.
This increases transportation costs and reduces calorific value. A lot of heat is lost by releasing
moisture when heating. b. The above solid refers to an example of moisture-free coal extracted from
coal and heated to 9500C.Leave without air for 7 minutes, then cool to room temperature and weigh.
The brushes are considered interesting and removed from the carbon at a temperature of 9500c.
Many things cannot be changedlesbians and hottest thingsLow calorific value. C. Heating fly ash
without water and moisture in a container to 700°CAllow to cool to room temperature and measure.
Ash contentCarbohydrate reduction. Therefore, reducing ash in the form of coal is very good. d.
Carbon stability Carbon stability refers to the amount of carbon in coal that can be burned.Primary air
is drawn through the hot oil bed. Subtract water, moisture, and ash from 100 to get the solidcharcoal.
The moisture content of ash is 100The higher the carbon content in coal, the higher the calorific value.
charcoal. charcoal. This analysis is designed to determine carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur andA.
Determination of carbon and hydrogenDuring combustion, the carbon is extracted and burned with
pure oxygen vapor Carbon turns into CO2 and hydrogen turns into H2O. CO2 and H2O vapor through
KOH and CaCl2. CO2 is absorbed by KOH in the tube, and H2O is absorbed by CaCl2. The absorbed
KOH and CaCl2 were weighed and measured. KOH CO2 K2CO3 H2O% carbon% hydrogenThis
means that the higher the percentage of carbon and hydrogen, the better the quality of the coalSo the
calorific value is higher. Percentage of nitrogenNitrogen was determined by the Kjeldahl method.
Carbon models use catalysts K2SO4 and H2SO4. Nitrogen in carbon is converted intoThe Kjeldahl
method is divided into three main parts. The steps are digestion, distillation and titration. 1. Digestion
In this method, a substance or sample is heated in the presence ofsulfuric acid. Acids decompose
organic materials through redoxNitrogen is released in the form of ammonium sulfate.
exampleComplete decomposition occurs when we obtain a clear and colorless solution. 2.
Continuation of the cooling and diffusion of the solution will result in a small amountSodium hydroxide
is added to convert the ammonium salt to ammonia. The vapor is trapped in a special capture solution
of hydrochloric acid, HCl,3. Titration The amount of ammonia or nitrogen present in a sampleIt also
uses the titration method to determine. Ammonia dissolves in the acid-capture solutionThe remaining
acid can be titrated back to the standardAcidic solutions such as NaOH and other bases. Nitrogen
percentageNitrogen is neutral. The gravimetric concentration of sulfur is called BaSO4% sulfurIt
increases the calorific valueCharcoal samples were burned and ash weight was measured at room
temperature.K Oxygen content is low permeabilityPercentage of C, H, S and Ash (100). Percentage of
C, H, S and Ash (100). C H N S Percent oxygen in ash 100high oxygen contentlow calorific
valueliquid fuelPetroleum is one of the most efficient fuels. It is also called oil. This is a secondary fuel
derived from petroleum. Many hydrocarbons, paraffins, olefins, aromatics and naphthalenes,
nitrogen,oil compositionThere are three main types of oil: 1. Paraffin oil is a hydrocarbon saturated
with CH4.2. Most household paraffins contain cycloparaffins, naphthalenes and aromatics. 3. Base oil
blends Crude oil is mainly composed of paraffin and hydrocarbons. the oil brandRaw milk is
contaminated. In other words, there are many water-soluble impurities. Refining can be defined as the
removal of impurities from petroleum.Separate the oil into fractions with different boiling pointsThe oil
works as follows:one Cortell Process Water separationOil is mixed with salt to form an emulsion. oil
oilColloidal emulsions of oil and water separate into larger liquid regions.It separates from the oil. After
removing the water, the oil is treated with copper oxide. Crude or crude oil is heated to 4000c in an
iron replica.The fountain tower is a tall cylindrical tower with many horizontal columns.Each tray is
provided with a short chimney covered with a loose lid. the fog movesThey touch the chimney cap
and receive resistances from different heights in the tray. A part with a low boiling point can be moved
to high altitudes without cooling.bottom tray There are many different fractions of different layers;P It
has a low molecular weight and a low boiling point.It is used between 30 and 700c as a solvent. It has
a calorific value11250 k.cal kg Very volatile and used mainly in internal combustion engines. The
boiling range of this fraction is between 120 and 1800c. The boiling range of this fraction is between
120 and 1800c. It is mainly used as a solvent in various industries. The boiling range of this fuel is
180-2500c. It does not evaporate easily. It is mainly used as household fuel. It is also used as a fuel
for aircraft engines and oil and gas production. , The boiling range of this fuel is from 350 to 4000 °C. ,
The boiling range of this fuel is from 350 to 4000 °C. Fuel crackingCracking is the process of
converting larger hydrocarbon molecules into smaller moleculesLow molecular weight hydrocarbons.
Small saturated carbohydratesHigher saturated carbohydratesSmall unsaturated hydrocarbonsThere
are two main types of cracking. 1. Thermal cracking This process converts heavy hydrocarbon
moleculeshydrogen-rich molecules at higher temperatures. 2. Catalytic cracking This process
converts heavy hydrocarbon moleculeslight hydrogen-rich molecules in the presence of a catalyst.
There are also two types of catalytic cracking. Fixed bed cracking 2. Fluid bed movement - bed
crackingFluid bed movement - bed crackingIn fluid catalytic cracking, the finely divided catalyst moves
through the gasthe vapor of the starting material flows in such a way that it can be considered as a
liquid system, i.e. H. it can be pumpedThe advantage of the fluid bed cracking process is the high
degree of mixingCracking method