st

21 Century
Pre – Colonial Period
Spanish Period
American Period
Japanese Period
Contemporary Period
Fables
Epic
Legend

Example
 Example
Example

Khristine Mae Sombelon

Apple Lopez
Hyca Faith Cuizon

Fables are concise stories that use animals, plants, or objects with
human-like qualities to illustrate a moral lesson. They are often
attributed to Aesop, a Greek storyteller known for his fables.

“The tortoise and the Hare” are a well-known fable. In this story, a
slow-moving tortoise challenges an overconfident, fast hare to a
race. The hare, being much faster, takes a nap during the race,
while the tortoise keeps moving slowly but steadily. Ultimately, the
tortoise wins the race, teaching the moral that “slow and steady
wins the race”.

Epic is a long, narrative poem that tells the story of heroic deeds,
adventures, or significant events. Epic often involve legendary
characters and have a grand and grandiose style.

The story “The Odyssey” follows the Greek hero Odysseus, king
of Ithaca, and his journey home after the Trojan War. After the war,
which lasted ten years, his journey from Troy to Ithaca, via Africa
and southern Europe, lasted for ten additional years during which
time he encountered many perils, and all his crewmates were
killed.
Legend is a traditional story or narrative that typically explains the
history, customs, or beliefs of a culture or society. Legends often
include elements of mythology, folklore, and may, or may not be
based on historical events.

The story “The legend of King Arthur and His Knights of the
Round Table” is divided into four books, each following a different
era of King Arthur’s reign. Book 1, “The Coming of Arthur,” tells
how Arthur became king and united Britain. After being raised in
secret, the young Arthur miraculously pulls a sword from an anvil,
which declares he is the rightful king. Arthur gathers followers and
receives the sword Excalibur and its magical scabbard from
Avalon, which the wizard Merlin prophesizes will help him create
the godly realm of Logres. One of Arthur’s knights, Balyn, has a
series of tragic adventures after keeping a cursed sword. Balyn
strikes the Dolorous Stroke, cursing King Pelles and his Castle
Carbonek but creating the conditions for the Holy Grail to come to
Camelot in the future.

Dr. Jose Rizal

Mi Ultimo Adios (My Last Farewell), Sobre La Indolencia De Los
Filipinos (On the Indolece of The Filipino), A La Juventud Filipino
(To the Filipino Youth), Junto Al Pasig (Beside the Pasig River).

Marcelo H. Del Pilar

Pag ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa, Kaiingat Kayo, Dasalan at Tocsohan,
Sagot sa Expanya sa Hibik ng Pilipinas.

Garciano Lopez Jaena

Fray Botod, La Hija Del Fraile and Everything is Hambug.
Mariano Ponce
Ang Alamat ng Bulacan,Sobre Filipinos

Pedro Paterno
Ninay (1st social novel in Filipino) Sampaguitas Y Poesas Varias
(Sampaguita and Varied Poem).

Cecilio Apostol
He wrote “A Rizal” and is considered the best poem in praise of
the hero of Bagumbayan.

Fernando Ma. Guerero

He collected the best of his poem in a book in a book called
"Crisalidas” and one of the poems written in this book is
“Invocacion A Rizal”.

Jesus Balmori
He is well-known for his pen name of Batikuling. He and Manuel
Bernabe participated in a debate on the topic-” Remembrance and
Forgetfulness”. He was elected Poet Laureate in Spanish besting
Manuel Bernabe.

Manuel Bernabe
He is a lyric poet. He was more attractive to the public in a debate
with balmori because of the melodious words used. He defended
Olvido.

Claro M. Recto
He collected his poems in a book entitled BAJO LOS
COCOTEROS. One of his writings dedicated to Rizal is "ANTE
EL MARTIR".
Jose Ma. Hernandez
He wrote Panday Pira.

Francisco Soc Rodrigo

He wrote Sa Pula, Sa Puti

Clodualdo del Mundo

He wrote Bulaga (an expression in the game Hide and Seek).

Julian Cruz Balmaceda

He wrote SINO BA KAYO. DAHIL ANAK, and HIGANTE NG
PATAY.

Narcisco Reyes
He wrote Lupang Tinubuan.

Jose Garcia Villa

He is a Filipino poet, critic, painter, and a short story writer. He
was born on August 5, 1908, in Manila, Philippines. He gained
both local and international recognition for his works and was
named as the National Artist for Literature in 1907. In 1929, he
published a collection of erotic poems called Man Songs in which
was considered as too bold by the University of the Philippines.
Due to this controversy, he was suspended from the said
institution. However, in the same year, his work. Mir-I-Nisa was
selected as the Best Story of the Year by The Philippine Free Press
magazine. One of Jose Garcia Villa's well-known works is
"Footnote to Youth" which was published in 1933.

Carlos P. Romulo
Carlos P. Romulo is a Filipino diplomat, statesman, soldier, and a
journalist known for his activities on behalf of the Allies during
World War II and his later work with United Nations. He was born
on January 14, 1899, in Intramuros, Manila, Philippines. He was
the first ever Filipino journalist who received a Pulitzer Prize in
Journalism. He was held as the National Artist in Literature in
1982. His work "I am a Filipino" is one of his valuable
contributions to Philippine literature.

Edith L. Tiempo
Edith L. Tiempo was a poet, a literary critic, a fiction writer and
was one of the finest Filipino writers in English. She was born on
April 22, 1919, in Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines. She won the third
prize in the Carlos Palanca Memorial Award with her literary work
"The Black Monkey." In 1999, she received the National Artist for
Literature award. Some of her works are Bonsai, A Blade of Fern,
and The Return.

Virgilio S. Almario
Virgilio S. Almario is a poet, a literary critic, a scholar, a publisher,
and a professor. He was born on March 9, 1994, in Bulacan,
Philippines. In 1970, his work Peregrinasyon at Iba Pang Tula won
the first prize in poetry in the Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards. He
was awarded the National Artist for Literature in 2003. Some of his
notable works are High Zoociety, Ang Makata sa Panahon ng
Makina, Muli sa Kandungan ng Lupa and Doktrinang Anakpawis.

Alejandro R. Roces
Alejandro R. Roces was an author, essayist and dramatist. He was
born on July 13, 1924, in Manila, Philippines. From 1961-1965, he
served as Secretary of Education during President Diosdado
Macapagal's term. He was appointed as Chairman of the Movie
and Television Review and Classification Board (MTRCB) in
2001. He was awarded as the National Artist for Literature in 2003.
Some of his works he was known for are We Filipinos Are Mild
Drinkers, Something to Crow About, and My Brother's Peculiar
Chicken.