PHILIPPINES

PRESENTATION OF GROUP 4
PHILIPPINES
Philippine literature is literature associated with the Philippines from prehistory, through its colonial legacies, and on
to the present.
Pre-Hispanic Philippine literature was actually epics passed on from generation to generation, originally through an
oral tradition. However, wealthy families, especially in Mindanao, were able to keep transcribed copies of these
epics as family heirloom.

USUAL SUBJECT:
Math, Science, English, Filipino and Social sciences.
FOCUS TOPIC:
Poverty, lack of education, drugs or substance abuse.
GENRES:
Filipino’s were have a talent are; Harana, kundiman and the rondalla.
STYLE OF WRITING:
At least 16 different types of writing.
 JOSE RIZAL – Christian

José Rizal or José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda (1861-1896) was a Filipino writer, activist,
doctor, and political martyr. His execution at age 35 for the crime of rebellion was a turning point for the
country he strove to defend with political literature and reform propaganda.

Noli Me Tangere
(Touch Me Not), written by Dr. Jose Rizal, is the most controversial and well-known piece of literature the
Philippines has.
JOSE DELA CRUZ (HUSENG SISIW)-
John Carlo

De la Cruz was born in Tondo, Manila on December 21, 1746. Coming from a poor family, he could not afford
to study. However, by his own efforts, he was able to learn Katon at Cartilla (Spanish primers), the Doctrina
Christiana (the first catechism produced in the Philippines), Philosophy, Canon law and Theology.
Huseng Sisiw
Huseng Sisiw According to one source, de la Cruz was fondly called Huseng Sisiw due to his fondness for
eating chicks. Apparently, he liked everything he ate to be young . If it was roasted pork, for example, he would
choose the meat of a piglet. People who availed of his services recognized this eccentric taste of his and often
brought fattened chicks as payment for his verses.
 Ibong Adarna

Is a 16th-century Filipino epic poem. It is about an eponymous magical bird. The longer form of the story's title during the
Spanish era was "Korido at Buhay na Pinagdaanan ng Tatlong Prinsipeng Magkakapatid na anak ni Haring Fernando at ni
Reyna Valeriana sa Kahariang Berbanya" ("Corrido and Life Lived by the Three Princes, children of King Fernando and
Queen Valeriana in the Kingdom of Berbania"), and is believed by some researchers to have been based on similar
European stories. The tale is also known as The Adarna Bird.
Literary works
According to the elders, de la Cruz was very careful with his writings and he was never contented with the works that were
considered good to others. Therefore, only a few of his pieces were known. Some of his works were shown in Tondo
Theatre, owned by Dominos Celis.[4]
FRANSISCO SIONIL JOSE- John Carlo
Francisco Sionil José was a Filipino writer who was one of the most widely read in the English language. A National
Artist of the Philippines for Literature, which was bestowed upon him in 2001, José's novels and short stories depict the
social underpinnings of class struggles and colonialism in Filipino society.

F. Sionil Jose’s writings since the late 60s, when taken collectively can best be described as epic. Its sheer volume puts
him on the forefront of Philippine writing in English. But ultimately, it is the consistent espousal of the aspirations of
the Filipino–for national sovereignty and social justice–that guarantees the value of his oeuvre.

In the five-novel masterpiece, the Rosales saga, consisting of The Pretenders, Tree, My Brother, My Executioner, Mass,
and Po-on, he captures the sweep of Philippine history while simultaneously narrating the lives of generations of the
Samsons whose personal lives intertwine with the social struggles of the nation. Because of their international appeal,
his works, including his many short stories, have been published and translated into various languages.
My Brother, My Executioner

Is a novel by Filipino author Francisco Sionil José written in Philippine English. A part of the
Rosales Saga - a series of five interconnected fiction novels - My Brother, My Executioner ranks
third in terms of chronology, after Po-on and Tree and before The Pretenders and Mass

Po-on
Is a novel written by Francisco Sionil José, a Filipino English-language writer. This is the original
title when it was first published in the Philippines in the English language. In the United States, it
was published under the title Dusk: A Novel. For this novel's translation into Tagalog, the title Po-on
Isang Nobela – a direct translation of Po-on A Novel - was adopted
JOSE CORAZON DE JESUS- Czarina

Jose Corazon de Jesus

Known as the King of the Balagtasan and as Makata ng Puso, Jose Corazon de Jesus was born in Manila on
November 22, 1896. He wrote Tagalog poetry during the American occupation of the Philippines (1901 - 1946).

His famous work is the Tagalog poem Bayan Ko (My Country 1929) which was uses as lyrics for a patriotic
song that became popular during the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos in the 1980s. His pen name was Huseng
Batute. He died on May 26, 1932 and is buried in Manila's North Cemetery.
BAYAN KO(MY COUNTRY 1929

Bayan Ko (My Dear Country) was written as a protest song by Jose Corazon de Jesus and put to melody by
Constancio de Guzman during the Am-erican Period of the Philippines.

This song has accompanied almost every struggle of Filipinos against domination, occupation or ty-ranny since the
turn of the 20th century to recap-ture the visions and ideals of the Philippines’ First Republic – from the anti-
American protest movement and millenarian revolts of the 1920s and 30s, to the determined and blood-stained
resistance against the Imperial Japanese occupation forces in the 40s that kept them from advancing towards
Australia and New Zealand, the student revolt of the 70s and more recently in 1986, the world’s first and original
“People’s Power” revolt which peacefully toppled a rapacious dictatorship and its cohorts who by then had damaged
the core values of Philippine society and its democratic traditions once admired throughout Asia.
 LUALHATI BAUTISTA- Czarina

Lualhati Torres Bautista (born December 2, 1945) is one of the foremost Filipino female novelists in the history of
contemporary Philippine Literature. Her novels include Dekada '70, Bata, Bata, Pa'no Ka Ginawa?, and ‘GAPÔ.

Bautista was born in Tondo, Manila, Philippines on December 2, 1945 to Esteban Bautista and Gloria Torres. She
graduated from Emilio Jacinto Elementary School in 1958, and from Torres High School in 1962. She was a
journalism student at the Lyceum of the Philippines, but dropped out because she had always wanted to be a writer
and schoolwork was taking too much time. Her first short story, "Katugon ng Damdamin," was published in
Liwayway Magazine and thus started her writing career.
Dekada’70
Bautista garnered several Palanca Awards (1980, 1983 and 1984) for her novels GAPO, Dekada '70 and
Bata, Bata....Pa'no Ka Ginawa?, which exposed injustices and chorinicled women's activism during the
Marcos era.

The main themes of this story are martial law and Marcos Regime and reciprocal relationship between
society and the family.

Dekada '70 introduces the new generations of Filipino readers to a story of a family of a particular time in
the Philippine History. It appeals lies in the evolution of its characters that embody the new generation of
Filipinos. The plot of the book was apprehensive.
FRANSISCO BALAGTAS- Roseanne

Was a Filipino Tagalog literature and poet during the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines. He is widely
considered one of the greatest Filipino literary laureates for his impact on Filipino literature.

Developing His Craft. Francisco Baltazar became a very well-known and highly regarded poet not only because he
had a gift for words but also because he associated with individuals who helped him on his craft.
Baltazar was a very influential poet and orator and many consider him to be the Filipino William Shakespeare. While
there are a number of Filipino poets and writers who have gained success, Baltazar is considered to be one of the
premier poets of his culture. His many pieces of literature and poetry have had a tremendous influence on Filipino
culture and he is still highly regarded within the culture as very instrumental literary figure.
 Florante at laura

Florante at Laura is a lyrical poem that tells us how love conquers all. It narrates in metrical 12-syllable lines
and 4-line stanzas about how the love of Florante, son of Duke Briseo, and Laura, princess of Albania, conquers
all the tragedies and unsurmountable circumstances.

Balagtas drew from the literary tradition of courtly love in fashioning, Florante as the suffering lover, Laura as
the beautiful beloved, and their love impeded by powerful forces.
 NICK JOAQUIN- Roseanne

Nick Joaquin’s full name is Nicomedes Marquez Joaquin. Born on the 4th of May, 1917 and lived in Paco,
Manila. He was a writer, historian, and journalist. He wrote short stories and novels in English and used the pen
name Quijano de Manila. He started writing stories, poems, and essays in 1934. Many of them were published in
Manila magazines.

Three Generations
the story "Three Generations" by Nick Joaquin follows Celo Monzon and his terrible childhood. He reflects on
the unhappiness he experienced as a child after his own son decides to enter the priesthood.
 May Day Eve

May Day Eve" is a short story written by Filipino National Artist Nick Joaquin and it is written after World War
II.

The main theme of the story “May Day Eve” is that love is not founded on magic. For it to grow and blossom,
lovers should nurture the seed by watering it with acceptance and respect for each other. There is no way for love
to prosper in proud and hateful hearts.
LYSLEY TENORIO- Manuel

• Born in the Philippines, he lives in San Francisco, and is an associate professor at Saint
Mary’s College of California.
• is a professor at Saint Mary’s College of California.
• Some of his awards are Whiting Award, Guggenheim Fellowship for Creative Arts, US
& Canada.
• Some of his famous Work are:
The son of good fortune

It was published on july 7, 2020. This novel explores the life of two undocumented immigrants from the
Philippines, Maxima Maxino, a former B-movie action star, and her son, Excel.
Excel is a 19-year-old undocumented Filipino man, was born mid-air on a flight from Manila to San
Francisco. He doesn't see many prospects in a world that is so unwelcoming to the undocumented.

Monstress
It was published on January 31, 2012.
It stands as a landmark of American multicultural short fiction. Lysley Tenorio’s tales are framed by
tense, fascinating opposites: tenderness and power, the fantastical and the realistic, pop culture and high
culture, the American and the Filipino.
 EDILBERTO TIEMO- Manuel

• Edilberto Kaindong Tiempo was born on August 5, 1913 and died on September 19, 1996
• He was a Filipino writer and professor. He and his wife, Edith L. Tiempo, are credited by Silliman
University with establishing "a tradition in excellence in creative writing and the teaching of literacy craft
which continues to this day" at that university.
• Some of his awards are Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) Prize, Palanca Awards, U.P. Golden
Anniversary Literary Contest, National Book Award.
• Some of his famous work are
Cry Slaughter

Cry Slaughter! is a 1957 novel by Filipino author Edilberto K. Tiempo. Before the novel’s revision for publication in
the United States, it was first published in the Philippines as Watch in the Night in 1953. In the United States, the
renamed novel was printed four times by Avon in New York City.

MORE THAN CONQUERORS

More Than Conquerors is a second novel by Filipino author Edilberto K. Tiempo. The novel first appeared in 1959 in
the pages of Weekly Women’s Magazine. It was first published in book format in 1964. With the Filipino resistance
movement during the Second World War employed as “background” of the novel, the focus of the narrative is
Andres, a lawyer, and his two brothers.
 N.V.M GONZALES- Erica
Nestor Vicente Madali Gonzalez was his full name. He was born at Romblon on September 8,1915 and on
November 28,1999 he died due to kidney complications. He was a great Filipino Novelist, short story
writer, essayist and poets.
During his writing career, Gonzalez wrote five novels, eight short fictions and multiple essays, with his
work translated into languages like English, Chinese, German, Russian, and Indonesian.
N.V.M. Two major works includes:
• The Winds of April, was published in 1941 and won honorable mention for the Commonwealth
Literary Awards.

• Seven Hills Away and Other Stories (1947) - This is the book that introduced Gonzales's short fiction
to a wider global audience
RESIL B. MOJARES
Resil B. Mojares ( September 4, 1943) is a Filipino historian and critic of Philippine literature best
known for his books on Philippine history. He is acclaimed by various writers and critics as the
Visayan Titan of Letters, due to his immense contribution to Visayan literature.

Resil Two major works includes:

• House of Memory: Essays (Metro Manila: Anvil Publishing, 1997

• Origins and Rise of the Filipino Novel: A Generic Study of the Novel Until 1940
FRANCISCO ARCELLANA- Janly
Francisco Arcellana was a master of words, and a master of storytelling.

Zacarias Eugene Francisco Quino Arcellana (September 6, 1916 — August 1, 2002) was a writer, poet, essayist, critic,
journalist, and teacher and one of the most important progenitors of Filipino short stories in English. In 1990, he was
declared National Artist of the Philippines for Literature.

Francisco Arcellana was born September 6, 1916 in Sta. Cruz, Manila to parents Jose Cabaneiro Arcellana and
Epifania Quino. He was the fourth of the 18 children. Arcellana bloomed early in his craft and prospered from his first
schooling in Tondo until he entered the University of the Philippines (UP) as a pre-medical student in 1932. He
developed an interest in writing while he was studying at the Manila West High School (now Torres High School) as
an active staff of the the school organ The Torres Torch.

He married Emerenciana Yuvencio with whom he had six children: Francisco Jr., Elizabeth, Jose Esteban, Maria
Epifania, Juan Eugenio, Emerenciana Jr.
Arcellana’s published books include:
Selected Stories (1962)
Poetry and Politics: The State of Original Writing in English in the Philippines Today (1977)
The Francisco Arcellana Sampler (1990).

Philippine PEN Anthology of Short Stories, editor (1962)

Fifteen Stories: Story Masters 5, editor (1973)
He is the first director of the UP Creative Writing. Center now known as Institute of Creative Writing.
ALEJANDRO ROCES- Janly
Alejandro Roces

Alejandro Reyes Roces (13 July 1924 – 23 May 2011) was a Filipino author, essayist, dramatist and a National
Artist of the Philippines for literature. He served as Secretary of Education from 1961 to 1965, during the term
of Philippine President Diosdado Macapagal.

Noted for his short stories, the Manila-born Roces was married to Irene Yorston Viola (granddaughter of
Maximo Viola), with whom he had a daughter, Elizabeth Roces-Pedrosa. Anding attended elementary and high
school at the Ateneo de Manila University, before moving to the Arizona State University for his tertiary
education. He graduated with a B.A. in Fine Arts and, not long after, attained his M.A. from Far Eastern
University back in the Philippines. He has since received honorary doctorates from Tokyo University, Baguio's
St. Louis University, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, and the Ateneo de Manila University. Roces was
a captain in the Marking’s Guerilla during World War II and a columnist in Philippine dailies such as the Manila
Chronicle and the Manila Times. He was previously President of the Manila Bulletin and of the CAP College
Foundation.
 Literary Works

During his freshman year in the University of Arizona, Roces won Best Short Story for We Filipinos are Mild
Drinkers. Another of his stories, My Brother’s Peculiar Chicken, was listed as Martha Foley’s Best American
Stories among the most distinctive for years 1948 and 1951. Roces did not only focus on short stories alone, as
he also published books such as Of Cocks and Kites (1959), Fiesta (1980), and Something to Crow About
(2005). Of Cocks and Kites earned him the reputation as the country's best writer of humorous stories. It also
contained the widely anthologized piece “My Brother’s Peculiar Chicken”. Fiesta, is a book of essays,
featuring folk festivals such as Ermita's Bota Flores, Aklan's Ati-atihan, and Naga's Peñafrancia.