PRACTICE EXERCISE A

Name: _______________________________________ Date: ___________________________

DIRECTIONS:
Solve the following problems. Show your COMPLETE SOLUTIONS. Answer this practice
exercise as independently as possible.

PART A: CONCENTRATIONS
1. An alcohol-based hand sanitizer is prepared by mixing 75.5g denatured alcohol (C2H5OH), 21.4g
polyhexamethyleneguanide (C8H19N5), 17.9g betaine, and 42.7g water. The density of the solution
is 0.7892 g/ml at room temperature and the molar masses of the components are given below:
Denatured ethanol - 46.07 g/mol
Polyhexamethylenebiguanide - 185.27 g/mol
Betaine - 117.15 g/mol
Water - 18.01 g/mol

A. Determine the percentages by mass of each components in the alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
(5pts)
B. Determine the mole fractions of each component in the alcohol-based hand sanitizer. (5pts)
C. What is the molality of denatured ethanol in the alcohol-based hand sanitizer? (3pts)
D. What is the molarity of denatured ethanol in the alcohol-based hand sanitizer? (3pts)

PART B: CONCENTRATIONS
1. A 175mL of 15.4% by mass-volume calcium hydroxide solution was prepared for the General
Chemistry 2 experiment. How many moles of solute does the solution contain? The molar mass
of calcium hydroxide is 74.093 g/mol and the density of the solution is 2.21 g/mL. (3pts)

2. Calculate the mole fraction of ammonium sulfate [(NH 4)2SO4] in 18% (w/w) aqueous solution.
The molar masses of ammonium sulfate and water are 132.14 g/mol and 18.01 g/mol, respectively.
(3pts)

3. What is the molality and molarity of a 57.8% by mass of potassium permanganate (KMnO4)
solution? The molar masses of potassium permanganate and water are 158.03 g/mol and 18.01
g/mol, respectively. The density of potassium permanganate solution is 2.7 g/ml at room
temperature. (3pts each)

4. How many grams of sorbitol should added to 350mL of water to make a 37% sorbitol solution?
(3pts)

PART C: ACID-BASE TITRATION

1. Ayeesha performed an acid-base titration experiment as part of her General Chemistry 2
laboratory class. Prior to the titration procedure, she washed the burette with diluted liquid
detergent and tap water before rinsing it with distilled water. Then, she carefully poured the titrant
until the zero mark. After filling the burette with the titrant, she noticed that some air bubbles were
present at the tip of the burette. She decided to remove the air bubbles by whacking the side of the
burette tip while the titrant was flowing.
 After the burette was filled with the titrant, she rinsed an Erlenmeyer flask with distilled
water and pipetted a 25.00 mL sample of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution with unknown molarity
into it. Then, she added three drops of Bromocresol Green, a pH indicator, to the analyte. The
titration required 32.2 5mL of a 0.1819 M solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH). The equation
of the neutralization reaction is shown below.

𝑯𝟐 𝑺𝑶𝟒 + 𝑲𝑶𝑯 → 𝑲𝟐 𝑺𝑶𝟒 + 𝑯𝟐 𝑶

What is the concentration of the titrant used in the experiment? (4pts) Did Ayeesha obtain
the correct molarity of the sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution sample? Why or why not? (3pts)

2. How do you select a pH indicator for your titration experiment? (1pt)

3. Why is it necessary to rinse the burette with distilled water and some titrant before starting
titration? (1pt)

4. Why is it important to remove the air bubbles from the nozzle of the burette before starting
titration? (1pt)

5. What is a standard solution? (1pt)

6. Enumerate three sources of error in a titration experiment? (3pts)