Political and Constitutional History of Pakistan

POLITICAL AND
CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY
OF PAKISTAN
MUHAMMAD SHAFEK DOGAR (BS-17 SED)
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FIRST CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY
• Based on Legislative Members elected in 1945 Elections (69) Later added Members (10)
• Names Published Indian Gazette on July 26, 1947
• First Session = 10 Aug, 1947 ( Sindh Assembly Hall, Karachi)
• 11Aug, Jinnah Elected President of Assembly Unanimously, flag adopted
• 12Aug Jinnah was officially titled QUID E AZAM
• 14th Aug Transfer of Power ceremony, Lord Mount Batten Addressed
• 15Th Aug Jinnah Sworn in as First GG, Justice Abdul Rasheed ( Most Senior Muslim Judge
in British India & Now CJP) Oath

First Session of First Constituent Assembly
• 11th August , 1947, Sindh Assembly Hall, Karachi

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Jinnah Tenure ( 15aug 1947-11sep 1948)
• UNO Joining ( sep 30, 1947), Pakistan and Yemen( 23rd September Voting in UNGA)56th Member
• India Intervened Kashmir ( 0ct 27, 1947) & War
• UNO Backed Cease-fire 1ST JAN 1949
• Urdu National Language Feb 2, 1948
• India Started Blocking Pak Waters 1st April 1948
• SBP Inaugurated ,1st July, 1948 ( 750Million Rupees , 70/30 Ratio Reserved Bank of India Distributed )
• July 9, First Postal Stamp Issued
• Succeeded by Nazim u din as GG ( CM Bengal)

LIAQAT ALI KHAN
• 1st PM ,1st ( Defense Minister , Finance Minster , Frontier & Kashmir Affairs) Ex Interim Finance Minister
1943 Govt
• Became President of Muslim League after Jinnah
• Lawyer , ALIGARH ( Bsc Pol sc) , Oxford LLB
• Spouse: Raana Liaqat Ali khan, M(1945) ( First Lady Gov Sindh 1973-76) Ambassador to Netherlands, Italy ,
Tunisia.
• Objective Resolution , Moved by Liaqat Ali Khan on 7th March , Passed on 12 March 1949
• BPC : Two drafts
• Assassinated in RWL By SAAD Akbar, who was shoot down by Police at Spot 16oct 1951

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Anti- Ahmadiya Riots
• Provincial Elections in Punjab 1951 ( Muslim League Won elections with
Cooperation from Jamiat ulme e Islam and Majlis e Ihrar ) Mumtaz Daultana
became unopposed CM.
• Soon , 1953 March, Majlish Ihrar initiated Anti-Ahmadiya Riots.
• Law & Order Suitation ( Which was already detrioriting due to food shortages as a
result of landlords’s strike in response to Daultana’s Agri Reforms) Led Area
Commander Major Gen Azam of Lahore Impose Martial Law on 6th March 1953.
• Khawja Nazim u Din was PM & Ghulam Muhammad was Governor General that
Time
Munir Report
• After withdrawing Martial Law , A special Act was Passed to Consititute a Court of
Inquiry to investigate the issue deeply
• an Inquiry commenced on 1st May 1954
• Inquiry Committee Consists of : Chairman Muhammad Munir ( The Then CJ-
LHC) & Other member Justice Kiyani
• Inquiry Report Submitted : 10th April , 1954
• Report was very Lengthy 387 Pages ( Original Pages) With Many other Appendexs

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Dismissal of Khawja Nazim U Din
Law & order Situation worsen in Punjab due to Anti-Ahmadiya Riots & Food
Shortages + Civil Miltary Low relations due to cut in Defence Budget By Incumbent
Government
• GG Called PM & Cabinet to GG House and asked to Resign. PM Declined
• GG dismissed PM Khawaja Nazim u Din on 17th April 1953.under Section 10 ,
1935 Act
• PM could not inform and appeal to British Queen due to Cut of Telegraph
• New PM MA Bogra (17-4-53)
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BOGRA as PM
• 2ND Draft of Basic Principles Committee was presented in Assembly by Nazim u
din in 1952 which arose Criticism from Punjab.
• Now , Bogra Presented an Acceptable Formula for all The Parts of Federation,
Thus Called Bogra Formula
• It was Presented on 7th Oct 1953 & Adopted on 6th Oct 1954
• Main Features : Bicameral Legislature ( House of Units with 50 Seats , House of
People with 300 Membership) Equal Power to both Houses, In case of Conflict
Provisions for a Joint Sessions ( Such Decisions on Majority basis with atleast 30pc
Members Vote from each Zone )
BOGRA FORMULA
Distribution of Seats
House of Unit ( 50 ) House of People
• East Bengal : 10 • East Bengal : 165
• Punjab : 10 • Punjab : 75
• NWFP : 13Sindh ; 19
• NWFP : 10
• Baluchistan Union of States: 2
• Sindh & Khairpur : 10
• Baluchistan : 3
• Baluchistan, Bahwalpur, Capital area • Khairpur : 1 , Tribal areas : 11
Karachi : 10
• Capital Karachi : 4 Bahwalapur State : 7
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ELECTIONS IN EAST PAKISTAN
• 8-11 March 1954 Elections to Provincial Asselmbly
• United Front ( Combination of Three Parties a. Awami Muslim League , Krishak
Sramik Party, Nizam e Islam ) also called Jugtu Front won polls with 223 Seats.
Ruling Party Muslim League could only Won 10 Seats
• The UNITED FRONT had Launched its Electoral Compaign with Very Strong
Provincial Autonomy and Bengali nationalism
• After results, they Voiced that First Constiutent Assembly should resign as they
don’t Enjoy Public Support
• Criticism was rebutted by PM Bogra
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ASSEMBLY’S Amendments
• Assembly Passed Two Bills ( Repealing PRODA Public representative and
Office holders Disqualification Act 1949 ) (Removing GG’s Powers of
removing PM and Assembly by Amending 9, 10, 10A, 10B ) with an aim to
strengthen Parliamentary Democracy and to avoid the erstwhile situations
like Removal of Nazim u Din.
• These amendments aggrieved Governor General who decided to strike back

Dismissal of Assembly
& State of Emergency
• GG dissolved First Constituent Assembly on 24th Oct 1954 declaring that it
had Lost Confidence of people declared state of Emergency
• Prime Minister was asked to reconstitute his Cabinet to carry out state tasks
• Net Cabinet also included Major Gen Iskander Mirza , dr Khan sb, and
Ayoub Khan ( then C-I-C of Army ) as Defence Minister

Maulvi Tameez u Din Case
• President and Speaker of Assembly went into write Petition in Chief Court Sindh with Plea that GG’s step is
Unconstitutional
• Federal Government submitted plea that Court had not jurisdiction to check upon the step of GG as this Power of Courts
had not received GG assent to become law + New Section 10 Which limits GG’s Powers in Dismissal of Assembly and
Ministers. The Court Overruled the Objections. Called the Step illegal
• Federal Government went to federal Court against Sindh Chief Court Decision
• Federal Court with Majority of 4to 1 decided the appeal in favor of Federal Government on Technical Grounds : 223A on
which Sindh High Court called the Step of GG unconstitutional and illegal is not valid Piece of legislation as it had not et
received GG’s assent.
• Decision date : 21st March 1955
• Dissent Judge ; A.R Cornelius
• Decision Leading Judge : justice Munir ,Case Heared at Lahore

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2ND Constituent Assembly
• Constitutional Deadlock was there and There was need to settle it.
• 2nd Constituent Assembly was framed after having Court Ruling against a
Presidential Reference by GG to The Court
• Method : Election of Members via Single Transferable vote in Provincial
Assemblies , Total 80 ( 40 From East Bengal, Punjab 21, NWFP 4, SINDH
5, 10 From States )
• Muslim league had 25 Members elected, had to make a coalition
Government with help of United Front with Ch Muhammad Ali
2ND Assembly
• New PM : Ch Muhammad Ali ( Bogra went as Ambassdor to USA )
• Leader of Opposition : Hussain Shaheed Suhrwardy
• Speaker : Abdul Wahab Khan
• First Session : 7th July 1955 ( Validated 38 pending Acts of First
Constituent assembly )
• This Assembly was elected by the members of Provincial Assemblies

ONE UNIT
• Merged all Units in West Pakistan into Single Province by Governor General
in 14th Oct 1955 ( PM Ch Muhammad Ali , GG Ghulam Muhammad )
• CM of West Pakistan Provinces : Dr Khan Sahib
• Governor of West Pakistan : Mushtaq Gurmani
• CM of East Pakistan : Abu-Hussain Sarkar
• Governor of East Pakistan : Ameer u Din Ahmad

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New Constitution
• After 9 Years of independence
• New Constitution Passed and Enforced 23march 1956, Pak became Republic
• Total Articles : 234 Articles, 13 Parts, 6 Schedules
• Name Islamic Republic of Pakistan
• Unicameral Legislature 300half from each part,President Head of State ( Muslim,
Pakistani, 40 Years old at least, Urdu and Bengali National Languages
• 1st President : Iskander Mirza ( Founder of Republican Party)
CHANGING PMs
• Ch M ALI (
• HUSSAIN SHAHEED SOHERWARDI ( 12-1956-18-10-57)
• II Chandigar (18-10-1957 16-12-1957)
• Feroz Noon ( 16-12-1957 to 7-10-1958)
• First Martial Law 7 Oct 1958
• Ayoub Khan took as President : 27th Oct 1958

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Martial Laws
• Ayyub Khan ( Oct 7 , 1958-june 8, 1962 )
• Yahiya ( 25th march 1969-Dec 20, 1971 ) left making Civil Martial
Administrative to Zulfiqar Bhutto ( dec 20,1971-April 21, 1972)
• Zia Ul Haq ( R.A) : July 5, 1977- Dec 30, 1985
• Musharraf ( Suspended Constitution, Not Martial Law )

AYOUB ERA
• Indus Water Treaty
• Ayoub,s Presidential Referendum
• EOBD, 1959
• Basic Democracies Ordinance ( 1959 ) 80,000 Later increased 1,20,000
• Banned Jamat e Islami & Arrest of Moullana Moododi

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AYOUB ERA
• 1962 Constitution
• Run of Katch Arbitration
• Operation Gibraltar
• INDO PAK WAR /Tashkent Agreement

3RD LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY
• Elections Held : March 1962
• Speaker : Moulavi Tameez u Din
• Leader of Opposition :. Sardar Bahadur Khan
• Total Members :
• First Session held : 8th June 1962 , Ayoub Hall, Rawalpindi Validated
Constitution
• Political Parties Act 1962 Passed.
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1962 Constitution
• Appointment of Commission Constitution Headed by Shahab U Din : Feb 1960
• Report Submitted By Commission : April 1962 ( Dissent Note By Commission
Member Sardar Habib Ullah
• Constitution Enforced : June 8, 1962
• Articles : 250 , Parts 12 , Schedules 3 , Council of Islamic Ideology
• Presidential , 80,000 BD Members , Electoral College ,
• 8 Amendments were made to this Constitution in 7 Year of its life
• Abrogated on March 25, 1969 by Yahya Khan

YAHYA KHAN
• L.F.O (Legal Framework Order) 30th March1970
• Abolished ONE UNIT 1st July 1970
• Ist General Elections Dec 7, 1970
• PPP won 81 , Awami League 160 Gen Seats , (Deadlock , Bangladesh 20Aug
1971)
• Handed over Powers to Civil Martial law Administrator Bhuto : 20th Dec
1971

BHUTO
• Formed PPP 30 Nov 1967 ,
• Martial Law admin 20aug 1971 -21April 1972
• President : 21April 1972-14aUG 1973 ( Elected by Members of West
Pakistan Assembly elected in Disputed Election of 1970.
• SIMLA Agreement 2July 1972, Shimla capital of Himachal Pradesh
• New Constitution 1973

Bhutto
• Nationalization
• 2nd OIC Islamic Summit
• Initial 6 Amendments
• General Elections 1977 , PNA(Pak National Alliance of 9 Parties) VS PPP
• Operation Fiar Play 4-5July
• Trail Adiala Jail , Hanged 4th April , 1979 rwp Central jail 4a.m

4th Legislative Assembly
• Total Members : 146 ( 144 Elected From West Pakistan in GE 1970 & 2 Members
from East Pakistan Nur ul Amin & Raja Tridev Rao who choose to Join Pakistan )
• First Session : 14th April 1972
• Venue: State Bank of Pakistan Building , Islambad.
• Speaker : Ch Fazal Elahi
• Leader of Opposition : Khan Abdul Wali Khan
• Interm Constitution of with Presidential System was adopted on 17th April
• Formed Constitution Committee which Reported on 31st Dec 1972.

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1973 Constitution
• Constitution Committee Apirl 17, 1972 Headed by Kasuri ( Then law Minister)
Later on Abdul Hafeez pirzada was made Head nd New Law Minister
• NATIONAL Assembly Passed : 10th April 1973, Bhuto as a President Signed 19th
April, ENFORCED 14TH August
• First President after New Constitution CH Fazal Ellahi, PM Zulfikar Bhuto
• 280 Articles, 12 Chapters , 7 Schedules
• Bicameral, Parliamentarian system, Federal, Urdu National language
• 26Ammendemnts until 2021
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ZIA
• 6TH President
• Jalandhar Born , COAS 1march 1976 ,
• AIR Crash BWP 17aug 1988,( c-130 Hercules Plan)(USA Ambassador
Raphel , Gen Akhtar Abdul Rehman) Faisal Mosque Tomb
• Hudood Ordinance 1979
• Provisional Constitution Order 1981
• Family Laws
ZIA Continued
• Federal Shariat Court 1979
• Presidential Referendum 1984
• 8th Amendment via Revival of Constitution Order 2nd March 1985
• Martial Law Lifted : 30 Dec 1985
• Non Parity Elections 1985 , Jenju PM , Rift with Jenju & Rise of Nawaz
• Geneva Accord 14April 1988
• Ojheri CamP Incident April 10,1988
ELECTIONS 1985
• 3rd General Elections, Feb 1985 , Only Non PARITY BASED Elections of History
• Before First Session of Assembly , Constitution was Amended on March 2, 1985
Through Rival OF Constitution Order ( 8th Amendment ) Changed 65 Articles
• Junejo was appointed as PM, Next Day He got of Confidence
• Punjab : Nawaz Sharif was Appointed CM By Governor Punjab General Gillani
• Sindh :Serving Sindh High Court Judge Ghaus ali Shah was Appointed CM, Later
he resigned and got Vote of Confidence from Provincial Assembly
• Speaker : Fakhar imam Elected Speaker of National Assembly Defeating Khawja
Safdar
1988-1999
• Party Based Elections 16 Nov 1988
• Ppp vs IJI , Bynazir PM. MNS CM Punjab , [President Ghulam Ishaq khan ) Govt was
toppled via Operation Midnight Jackal
• Next Election 1990 IJI VS PPP
• MNS PM , Dismissed by Ishaq khan , sc void
• Next Elections 1993 Bynazir PM, Prsident Farooq Lughari
• Next Election 1997 MNS PM , 13Th amendment , LAHORE AGREEMENT (21Feb 1999)
, KARAGIL 3-26 may 1999
• MILITARY Coup 12 Oct 1999

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SPEAKERS
1988, 1990, 1993, 1997,2002,2008
• 1988-1990 : Miraj khalid
• 1990-1993 ; Gohar ayoub
• 1993-1997 : Syed Yousuf Raza Gillani
• 1997-2001 ; Elahi Bux Sommoro
• 2002-2008 : Ch Amir Hussain

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MUSHARAF
• CEO 12th October 1999 to 21 Nov 2002
• 7th COAS 6 OCT 1999 TO 28 NOV 2007
• 10th President :20 June 2001 to 18 Aug 2008
• PMs under : Zafar Ullah Jamali , Ch Shujat ( Care Taker) , Shuakat aziz ,
Mian M Somoro ( CT) , Gillani
• Opposition Leaders : Moulana Fazal U Rehman ( 2004-2007) , Pervaiz elahi (
april-Sep 2008), Ch Nisar ( 2008-2013)

PRESIDENTIAL
ELECTIONS & Referendums
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AYOUB’S REFERENDUM
• 14TH Feb 1960
• 80,000 Basic Democrats asked to “ Have you Confidence in Ayoub Khan,
Field Marshal, Hillal e Jurat ?”
• 95.6 Pc Votes in favour of Ayoub
• “ According to Presidential Order 3 of 1960 : If Majority of Voters vote in
Favour of Ayoub, then he will be deemed to have Powers to Make
Constitution and will Hold office for First Term under New Constitution

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PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS
• Presidential Election of Ayoub ( Candidate from PML) 1965 VS Fatima
Jinnah ( Candidate by Combined Opposition Parties Alliance ) Held on 2 Jan
1965. Ayoub Khan Won obtaining 62.43 pc votes
• Ayoub Khan’s Electoral Symbol : Rose
• Electoral College : 80,000 Basic Democrats

Direct Presidential Elections/ Referendum
• Gen Zia Dec 19th 1984: Islamization and 5years As PRESIDENT . 95

Percent Voters in Favour.
• Gen Musharraf 30 April 2002 , 5Years as President . 97 % in Favour.

ELECTIONS IN
PAKISTAN
MUHAMMAD SHAFEEK DOGAR
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Elections
• First General Elections 1970
• Second 1977
• Third 1985 Non Party ( Muhammad Khan Junejo, )
• 4th 1988 ( PM Bynazir Bhutto)
• 5th 1990
• 6th 1993
• 7th 1997
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Elections PM, Opposition Leaders, Speakers,
Presidents,
• 1970 : Could not end up on Consensus. After Seperation of East Pakistan, Ch Fazal
Elhai ( Speaker), President ( Zulfikar Ali Bhatu), Opposition Leader ( Khan Abdul
Wali Khan 1972-1975) Later Opposition Leader ( Mufti Mahmood 1975-1977 )
• After 1973 Constitution : President Fazal Elahi, PM Bhuto, Speaker Sahibzada
Farooq Ali ( sep 1973-March 1977) & March 1977 to 5th July 1977 Miraj Khalid
• 1977 : Election Results could not be enforced. Pakistan went into Martial law with
No Assembly existed.
After 1985 Elections
• Non Parity Election
• 1985 : President ( Zia Ul Haq )
• , PM ( Muhammad Khan Junejo )
• , Speaker NA ( Fakhar Imam) ,March 1985-May 1986 & Hamid Nasir Chatta
( uptil Dec 1988)
• Leader of Opposition : Haji Muhammad Saif Ullah Khan ( 1985-87) &
Fakhar Imam 1987-may 29, 1988.

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Elections 1988 ,
• PPP VS IJI ( PPP Won 93) ‘IJI Got 55 was Union led by Nawaz Sharif
• PM : Bynazir ( 2nd Dec 1988-Aug 6, 1990 ) Dismissed by president Ishaq
• President : Ghulam Ishaq Khan
• Speaker NA: Miraj Khalid ( 3-12-1988 – 4-11-1990)
• Leader of Opposition : Ghulam Haider Wain ( 1988-1989) Ghulam Mustafa
Jatio ( june 1989-Aug 5, 1990 )

ELECTIONS 1990
October 1990
• ISLAMI JAMHORI ITEHAD VS PAKISTAN DEMOCRATIC
ALLIANCE PDA ( IJI WON 105 Seats )
• PM : Nawaz Sharif ( Nov 6, 1990-July 18,1993 ) removed by President Ishaq
• President : Ghulam Ishaq Khan
• Speaker NA : Gohar Ayoub ( 1990-1993)
• Leader of Opposition NA : Bynazir Bhuto

Elections 1993
6TH Oct 1993
• PPP WON ( 86 Seats PPP, PML-N( 73) , turn out : 41pc
• PM : Bynazir Bhuto ( oct 19-1993---Nov 5, 1996 )
• President : Farooq Lughari
• Speaker NA : Syed Yousf Raza Gillani
• Opposition Leader : Nawaz Sharif

Elections 1997
3 Feb 1997
• PML-N won ( PML-134 Seats , PPP 19 )
• PM : Nawaz Sharif ( Feb 1997-12oct 1999) Outset by COAS Musharaf
• President : Rafiq TARAR
• Speaker NA : Illahi Bux Soomoro
• Opposition Leader : Bynazir Bhutto

2002 Elections
• PM ; Zafar Ullah Jamli ( MMA)23Nov 2002-June 26, 2004 ,( Ch Shujat
Hussain June 30, 2004---Aug 26, 2004 ) ( Shuakat Aziz Aug 28, 2004-Nov
15,2007 )
• Speaker : Ch Amir Hussain
• President : Musharaff
• Opposition Leader : Moullana Fazal Rehman
• Chairman Senate : Mian Muhammad Somoroo
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2008 Elections
• President : Asif Zardari
• Prime Ministers Under Zardari ( Gillani March 2008-June 2012), Raja Pervaiz
( June 2012-March 2013)
• Speaker NA : Fahmida Mirza
• Opposition Leader ; Ch Nisar ali Khan
• Chairman Senate ; Fraoor H.Naik

2013 Elections & PML-N Tenure
• President : Mamnoon Hussain
• PM Nawaz Sharif : June 5, 2013-July 28, 2017)
• PM Shahid Khanqan Abbasi : Aug 1, 2017-May 31, 2018
• Opposition Leaders : Khursheed Shah ( PPP)
• Chairman Senate

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2018 Elections
• 25th July 2018
• PTI WON
• PM: IMRAN KHAN
• Speaker : Asad Qaisar
• Leader o Opposition : Shahbaz Shareef
• Senate Chairman : Sadiq Sinjrani
• President : Mamnoon Hussain
TURN OUT
ALL GENERAL ELECTIONS IN PAKISTAN

TURN-OUT
• 1970 : 58 PC
• 1977 : 55 PC
• 1985 : 53
• 1988 : LESS THAN 50
• 1990 : 45 PC
• 1993 : 40 PC
• 1997 : 36 PC
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Turn out
• 2002 : 41.8 percent
• 2008 : 44 Percent
• 2013 : 55 PERCENT
• 2018 : 51.7 Percent

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POLITICAL AND

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• 11th August , 1947, Sindh Assembly Hall, Karachi

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• Gen Zia Dec 19th 1984: Islamization and 5years As PRESIDENT . 95

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