JAA ATPL Theory Exam Preparation: 021-02-01 Direct Current (DC)

JAA ATPL Theory Exam Preparation
021-02-01 Direct current (DC)

1) A component consuming 80 watts at 8 amps would require a supply of:
a) 0,01 kV
b) 100 Volts
c) 5 Volts
d) 0.008 kV
2) In an aeroplane utilising a constant frequency AC power supply, DC power is obtained from a:

a) static inverter.
b) Transformer Rectifier Unit.
c) 3 phase current transformer unit.
d) rotary converter.
3) Aircraft standard fuses are fitted to:

a) DC circuits only.
b) DC and AC circuits.
c) AC circuits.
d) protect wiring in battery circuits only.
4) A 24V, 60 Ah battery is driving a 48 Watts light bulb. Approximately how long would the battery last assuming
that it is new?
a) 30 hours.
b) 120 hours.
c) 2,5 hours.
d) 60 hours.
5) Two resistors with values of 6 Ohm and 100 Ohm are connected in parallel. Their combined resistance is:
a) 106 Ohm.
b) 5,66 Ohm.
c) 0,177 Ohm.
d) 94 Ohm.
6) Magnetism can be used to generate electricity by converting mechanical energy to electrical energy by:
a) electro magnetic conversion.
b) electro magnetic induction.
c) electro motive force.
d) electro self induction.
7) The operating principle of a fuse is:

a) a bimetallic strip.
b) a relay.
c) a high resistance metal wire.
d) a wire with a predetermined melting point.
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8) Bonding is used to protect the aircraft against fire by:

a) provision of an independent ignition system.
b) providing an earth return system.
c) maintaining a different electrical potential throughout the aircraft's structure.
d) ensuring the same electrical potential of all metal components in the aircraft's structure.
9) If the power being drawn by a resistor is 100 watts from a 50V supply, what is the resistance of the load?
a) 2 Ohms.
b) 25 Ohms.
c) 50 Ohms.
d) 4 Ohms.
10) The commutator of a DC generator converts:

a) AC to DC
b) AC to AC at a different voltage
c) DC to AC at a different voltage
d) DC to AC
11) (Refer to figure 021-12)

In the following diagram A, B and C are respectively the:
a) battery master switch, starter switch, starter relay.
b) starter switch, battery master switch, starter relay.
c) battery master switch, starter relay, starter switch.
d) starter relay, starter switch, battery master switch.
12) Recharging an aircraft's battery from an AC system would require:

a) nothing since the battery can supply AC as well.
b) a rectifier.
c) an inverter.
d) a TRU.
13) A rotary valve actuator is in the closed position. Its 'OPEN' limit switch is... and its 'CLOSE' limit switch is...
a) closed, open
b) open, open
c) closed, closed
d) open, closed
14) When a battery is almost fully discharged there is a tendency for the:
a) voltage to decrease under load.
b) voltage to increase due to the current available.
c) current produced to increase due to the reduced voltage.
d) electrolyte to "boil".
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15) With regards to a light aircraft electrical system, where is the generator switch normally located?
a) In series with the cut-out switch.
b) In series with the armature.
c) In parallel with the field winding.
d) In series with the field winding.
16) The purpose of a battery protection unit is generally to isolate the battery:
1. from the bus when the battery charge is deemed satisfactory

2. when there is a battery overheat condition
3. in case of an internal short circuit
4. in case of a fault on the ground power unit
The combination which regroups all of the correct statements is :

a) 1, 2, 3
b) 1, 2
c) 1, 2, 3, 4
d) 1
17) In order that DC generators will achieve equal load sharing when operating in parallel, it is necessary to ensure
that:
a) their voltages are almost equal.
b) the synchronising bus-bar is disconnected from the busbar system.
c) equal loads are connected to each generator busbar before paralleling.
d) adequate voltage differences exists.
18) The power dissipated as heat by a resistance R with an applied voltage V carrying a current I can be expressed
as:
a) I x I x R.
b) I x R x R.
c) V x V / I.
d) I x I / V.
19) Aircraft systems are almost always:

a) dipole systems
b) single pole static systems
c) earth return systems
d) earth return with static system emergency back up
20) An aircraft has total services drawing 120 amps, essential services drawing 45 amps and vital services drawing
5 amps. The designer has 50 Ah capacity batteries (at system voltage) available and wishes to ensure that the
aircraft can fly safely for at least 2 hours following a breakdown of electrical generators. What configuration of
batteries would be employed?
a) 3 in parallel.
b) 6 in parallel.
c) 2 in parallel.
d) 3 in series.
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21) Impedance is:

a) the combined effect of resistance and reactance.
b) the combined effect of real and imaginary power.
c) the combined effect of resistance and conductivity.
d) the combined effect of power factor and phase angle.
22) Consider a battery voltage V, connected to R1 and R2 which are in parallel: If V is 250 volts, R1 is 500 Ohms
but R2 is a very low resistance then:
a) R2 is insignificant.
b) The total current from the battery will approximate the current in R1.
c) A small total current will flow.
d) A large total current will flow.
23) A generator is taken Off-line by:

a) creating a short circuit.
b) operating the field switch
c) removing all loads
d) manual operation of the generator cut-out
24) Electrical batteries when connected in parallel provide... amp/hr capacity and... voltage.
a) increased; the same
b) the same; increased
c) reduced; increased
d) increased; reduced
25) The international symbol of electrical power is

a) P and it is measured in watts.
b) I and it is measured in amperes.
c) U and it is measured in volts.
d) R and it is measured in ohms.
26) The capacity of a battery is expressed in terms of:

a) watts.
b) volts.
c) ampere-hours.
d) internal resistance.
27) A 12 volt battery that has 1 dead cell:

a) has its capacity reduced by 1/12th.
b) still has a voltage of 12V.
c) has less capacity.
d) is unserviceable.
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28) When an electrical circuit is open circuited:

a) components will operate normally
b) resistance will be low
c) resistance will be high
d) resistance will be zero
29) The unit of inductance is:

a) the Ohm.
b) the Henry.
c) the Reactance.
d) the Farad.
30) The inductance of several inductors connected in series can be calculated to be:
a) the sum of the individual inductances.
b) the inverse of the sum of the individual inductances.
c) the inverse of the sum of the inverses of the individual inductances.
d) the sum of the individual inductances divided by the number of inductors.
31) The purpose of the voltage regulator is to:

a) Keep a constant power output from the generator
b) Keep a constant current output from the generator
c) Keep a constant frequency
d) Keep a constant voltage output from the generator
32) What unit is used to measure potential difference between two points in an electrical circuit?
a) Coulombs
b) Amps
c) Volts
d) Ohm
33) True power is measured in:

a) Kilowatts.
b) Kilojoules.
c) Kilovolt-amperes.
d) Kilovolt-amperes-reactive.
34) When fully charged, what is the maximum voltage across a lead-acid cell?
a) 2 volts.
b) 12 volts.
c) 2.2 volts.
d) 24 volts.
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35) In a supply system which is AC, DC requirements are provided by:

a) a static inverter.
b) rotary inverter.
c) batteries.
d) TRU's.
36) In normal conditions, generator output voltage is arranged to be:

a) higher then battery voltage
b) less than battery voltage
c) exactly the same as battery voltage
d) as high as possible
37) An ammeter indicates a high rate of charge after engine start. This...
a) is only allowed for a short period.
b) indicates generator failure.
c) is dangerous. The engine should be shut down immediately.
d) is dangerous. The field circuit breaker should be tripped manually.
38) Fuses are rated to a value by:

a) their wattage
b) the number of volts they will pass
c) the number of amperes they will carry
d) their resistance measured in ohms
39) The connection in series of two 12 volt / 40 amp hours batteries, will create a unit with the following
characteristics:
a) 12 volt / 40 amp hours
b) 12 volt / 80 amp hours
c) 24 volt / 40 amp hours
d) 24 volt / 80 amp hours
40) Usually, in conductive materials:

a) the resistance decreases with increasing temperature.
b) the resistance increases with increasing temperature.
c) the resistance remains constant regardless of temperature.
d) resistance and temperature are not related.
41) When carrying out battery condition check using the aeroplane’s voltmeter:
a) a load should be applied to the battery in order to give a better indication of condition.
b) no load should be applied to the battery because it would depress the voltage.
c) the battery should be isolated.
d) the load condition is unimportant.
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42) The total current flow in an electrical circuit with resistors in parallel is equal to...
a) the sum of all the currents in all the components in the circuit.
b) the sum of all the current reciprocals.
c) the sum of all the currents in all the components divided by the number of components.
d) the reciprocal of the sum of the current reciprocals.
43) What are fuses rated in?

a) Amps.
b) Watts.
c) Volts.
d) Ohm.
44) Apparent Power is measured in:

a) KW or Watts.
b) KWR or WR.
c) KVAR of VAR.
d) KVA or VA.
45) An aircraft electrical circuit which uses the aircraft structure as a return path to earth, may be defined as a
a) complete negative system
b) single pole circuit
c) double pole circuit
d) semi-negative system
46) Voltage is proportional to rate of change of current in a:

a) inductor.
b) capacitor.
c) resistor.
d) battery.
47) In a DC generator circuit the reverse current relay:

a) prevents the battery from too high a charging rate.
b) allows the charge rate to drop as the battery becomes charged.
c) prevents the battery from motoring the generator at low speeds and when stationary.
d) allows current to flow in both directions through the generator.
48) Voltage is:

a) a measure of the electrical charge passing a point
b) a measure of the power gained
c) is also known as potential difference
d) an electro motive force
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49) The difference in electrical potential in a circuit is measured in:

a) Joules.
b) Amperes.
c) Volts.
d) Watts.
50) When does a generator cut-out open?

a) When generator voltage exceeds battery voltage.
b) When generator voltage exceeds a certain value.
c) When battery voltage exceeds a certain level.
d) When battery voltage exceeds generator voltage.
51) On a self-exited DC generator, if the voltage regulator increases the current through the field windings then:
a) The intensity of the field decreases and the output voltage decreases.
b) The intensity of the field increases and the output voltage decreases.
c) The intensity of the field increases and the output voltage increases.
d) The intensity of the field decreases and the output voltage increases.
52) The capacity of a typical lead acid battery for aviation use is
a) 24 V.
b) 12-18 Ah.
c) 4-8 Ah.
d) 12 Volts
53) The power in a direct current circuit is equal to:

a) VxI
b) RxIxV
c) IxR
d) VxR
54) The total current in a parallel circuit is equal to:

a) the sum of all the currents of ail the components in the circuit
b) the sum of all the currents of all the components, divided by the number of components
c) the sum of the current reciprocals
d) the reciprocal of the sum of the current reciprocals
55) Voltage is a measure of:

a) potential differential.
b) coulombs per joule.
c) resistance to current.
d) current.
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56) The voltage regulator of a DC generator is connected in:

a) in series with the armature and in parallel with the shunt field.
b) parallel with the armature and in parallel with the shunt field.
c) series with the armature and in series with the shunt field.
d) parallel with the armature and in series with the shunt field.
57) A simple circuit has 4 amps flowing through a 5 ohm resistor. How much power is being used?
a) 20 watts.
b) 60 watts.
c) 80 watts.
d) 100 watts.
58) The connection in parallel of two 12 volt / 40 amp hours batteries, will create a unit with the following
characteristics:
a) 24 volt / 40 amp hours
b) 12 volt / 40 amp hours
c) 24 volt / 80 amp hours
d) 12 volt / 80 amp hours
59) The capacitance of several capacitors connected in series is equal to:

a) the inverse of the sum of the inverses of the individual capacitances.
b) the sum of the individual capacitances.
c) the sum of the individual capacitances divided by the number of capacitors.
d) the inverse of the sum of the individual capacitances.
60) An Electromotive Force (EMF) can be measured with:

a) an ammeter.
b) a Hall effect probe.
c) an ohmmeter.
d) a voltmeter.
61) A spill of electrolyte from a NiCad battery onto someone's skin should be:
a) rinsed with a concentrated acid (e.g. sulphuric)
b) rinsed with a weak alkali (e.g. potassium hydroxide)
c) rinsed with water and add sodium bicarbonate
d) rinsed with a weak acid (e.g. boric acid).
62) Resistance is expressed in... and the basic SI units for it are...
a) Farad, F
b) Ohms, R
c) Ohms, J/C
d) Ohms, V/A
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63) Voltmeters and ammeters usually indicate:

a) RMS values.
b) peak-to-peak values.
c) amplitudes.
d) mean values.
64) Current is expressed in... and the basic SI units for it are...
a) Amperes, kg/s
b) Farad, A/s
c) Amperes, C/s
d) Coulombs, A/s
65) Batteries are rated in:

a) Joule
b) Henry
c) Ampere hours and Volts
d) Volts
66) Which unit is commonly used for reactive power?

a) kW.
b) kVA.
c) kVAR.
d) kWR.
67) What is the purpose of a battery cut-out?

a) to open when the battery is fully charged.
b) to prevent the battery discharging into the generator.
c) to prevent the battery discharging to the bus-bar when the generator is on-line.
d) to connect the battery to the starter motor when starting the engine.
68) The so called HOT BUSSES or DIRECT BUSSES are:

a) directly connected to the battery
b) kept in operating conditions by an electrical resistance in the case of energy failure
c) automatically connected to the battery if generators have failed
d) providing an alternative current
69) On an aircraft with an earth return electrical system:

a) the static electricity is discharged through the tyres on landing
b) one lead of the battery and one lead of the electrical components are connected to the aircraft structure
c) one lead of all electrical components is earthed and the other is connected to the bonding system
d) the static electricity is discharged through a chain linkage dangled from the ram air turbine under
emergency conditions
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70) The type of windings commonly used in DC starter motors are:

a) series wound.
b) shunt wound.
c) series shunt wound.
d) compound wound.
71) Consider a battery voltage V, connected to four resistors R1, R2, R3, R4. They are connected as two pairs in
parallel (R1 and R2, R3 and R4). The two pairs are connected in series: If R1 and R2 are both 8 Ohms, R3 is 6
Ohms, R4 is 3 Ohms, the total resistance of the circuit is:
a) 25 Ohms.
b) 6 Ohms.
c) 6.16 Ohms.
d) 5.33 Ohms.
72) Consider a battery voltage V, connected to three resistors R1, R2, R3. R2 and R3 are in parallel with one
another, and the combination of them is in series with R1. If R1 is 2 Ohms and has 6 volts across it, R2 has 2
amps running through it and R3 is 6 Ohms, what is R2?
a) Impossible to tell without knowing V.
b) Impossible to tell without also knowing total current from the battery.
c) 3 Ohms.
d) 6 Ohms.
73) When refuelling an aircraft:

a) the refuelling nozzle must be bonded to the fuel tank.
b) the bonding plug must be connected to the earth terminal.
c) the continuity between nozzle and hose must be infinity.
d) there is no fire risk as both the bowser and aircraft are bonded by the refuelling nozzle.
74) An aircraft has three batteries, each of 12 volts with a 40 Ah capacity, connected in series. The resultant unit
has:
a) a voltage of 24 volts and a capacity of 80 Ah.
b) a voltage of 36 volts and a capacity of 40 Ah.
c) a capacity of 120 Ah and a voltage of 12 volts.
d) a voltage of 36 volts and a capacity of 120 Ah.
75) The output voltage of DC generators used in aircraft is normally regulated by:
a) Varying the RPM of the generator
b) Controlling the current in the armature (anker) windings
c) Controlling the current in the field windings
d) Varying the torque applied to the generator
76) Which of the following statements best describes two resistors connected in parallel?
a) The combined resistance is always less than the smallest individual resistance present.
b) The combined resistance is always greater than the largest individual resistance present.
c) The combined resistance is equal to the average of the individual resistances.
d) Resistors should never be connected in parallel.
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77) What is the purpose of a voltmeter?

a) to measure current.
b) to measure potential difference and is measured in parallel with the component.
c) to measure voltage and is fitted in series with the component.
d) to measure potential difference and is fitted in series with the load.
78) When being charged, the specific gravity of the electrolyte in a Ni-cad cell:
a) increases.
b) decreases.
c) exhibits little change.
d) depends on the voltage applied.
79) A current limiter fuse in a DC generation system is used to:

a) allow a short term overload before rupturing
b) limit the current in the field circuit
c) instantaneously rupture to limit the current in the load
d) limit the current in the armature
80) Voltage is proportional to charge on:

a) an inductance.
b) a capacitor.
c) a resistor.
d) a battery.
81) DC generators are rated in:

a) kW.
b) kWA.
c) kVA.
d) kVAR.
82) Obvious disadvantages using Lead-Acid batteries in airplanes are:

a) They only carry 12 volt, and most modern airplanes use 24 volt circuits.
b) They are expensive compared to other batteries used in airplanes.
c) They have insufficient capacity and is volume and weight inefficient.
d) The Lead-Acid battery is too heavy.
83) The purpose of protecting a circuit against excessive current conditions is:
a) to prevent battery run down when a generator has failed
b) to prevent deterioration and failure of the aircraft's wiring and switch gear by excess heat.
c) to provide a means of controlling and distributing the current in a circuit
d) to prevent a reverse current causing failure of the equipment
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84) An aircraft has 3 navigation lights, each rated at 24 watts, which are connected in parallel and supplied by a 12
volts battery. What would be the total current that the battery has to deliver to the navigation lights circuit?
a) 6 Amperes.
b) 2 Amperes.
c) 1,5 Amperes.
d) 0,5 Amperes.
85) It may be determined that an aircraft is not properly bonded if:

a) there is interference on the VOR receiver.
b) there is heavy corrosion on the fuselage skin mountings.
c) static noises can be heard on the radio.
d) a circuit breaker pops out.
86) When two DC generators are operating in parallel, control of load sharing is achieved by:
a) the synchronous bus-bar.
b) an equalising circuit which, in turn, controls the speed of the generators.
c) carrying out systematic load-shedding procedures.
d) an equalising circuit which, in conjunction with the voltage regulators, varies the field excitation current of
the generators.
87) Consider a battery voltage V, connected to four resistors R1, R2, R3, R4. They are connected as two pairs in
parallel (R1 and R2, R3 and R4). The two pairs are connected in series: If R1 is twice R2, R3 is half R4, and the
current in R1 is 9 amps, the current in R4 is:
a) 3 amps.
b) 4.5 amps.
c) 9 amps.
d) 18 amps
88) Two 0.03 Henry inductors are placed in series. The resulting inductance is:
a) 0,03 H.
b) 0,015 H.
c) 0,09 H.
d) 0,06 H.
89) An aircraft has a battery with a capacity of 60 Ah. Assuming that it will provide its normal capacity and is
discharged in 10 hours:
a) it will deliver 60 amperes for 10 hours
b) it will deliver 6 amperes for 10 hours
c) it will deliver 60 amperes for 1 hour
d) it will deliver 4.8 amperes for 10 hours
90) What efficiency is required in order for a battery to pass a capacity test?
a) 90%
b) 80%
c) 60%
d) 50%
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91) The purpose of bonding is:

a) to protect against lightning strikes.
b) to prevent static electrical charges building up.
c) to keep all parts of the aircraft at the same potential.
d) to keep the aircraft at zero potential.
92) Consider a battery voltage V and two resistors (R1 and R2) which are connected in series: If R1 is 2 ohms, R2
has 3 amps through it and 3 volts across it what is V?
a) 9 volts.
b) 6 volts.
c) Impossible to tell without knowing R2.
d) At most, 3 volts.
93) During normal cruise flight conditions a Ni-Cd battery's ammeter shows a high rate of charge. What does this
indicate?
a) it can be ignored as it is quite normal
b) that a high demand is being made on the system
c) that the generator should be disconnected from the bus bar
d) that a possible thermal runaway exists
94) When a centre zero ammeter is reading to the left:

a) the battery is discharging to the system.
b) the generator is supporting the system.
c) the battery is discharging to the generator.
d) no current is flowing.
95) A circuit breaker:

a) is self resetting after the fault has been rectified.
b) may be reset manually after the fault has been rectified.
c) can only be reset after major maintenance.
d) can be reset on the ground only.
96) The voltage of a fully charged lead-acid battery cell is:

a) 1,8 V
b) 1,2 V
c) 2,2 V
d) 1,4 V
97) A battery is made up of 5 NiCad cells, each having a voltage of 1.2V and a capacity of 20Ah, connected in
series. What is the resulting combination?
a) 6 V, 20Ah.
b) 30 V, 100Ah.
c) 6 V, 100Ah.
d) 12 V, 20Ah.
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98) 1 ampere equals:

a) 1,000,000 milliamps
b) 1,000,000 millicoulombs per second
c) 1,000 milliamps
d) 1,000 microamps
99) The advantages of grounding the negative pole of the aircraft structure are:
1. Weight saving
2. Easy fault detection
3. Increase of short-circuit risk
4. Reduction of short-circuit risk
5. Circuits are not single-wired lines
The combination regrouping all the correct statements is :

a) 1, 2, 3
b) 2, 3, 5
c) 1, 3, 5
d) 1, 2, 4
100) A 12 volt battery is connected to a 24 watt light bulb. The battery lasts for 10 hours. What is the battery
capacity?
a) 5 Ah.
b) 20 Ah.
c) 240 Wh.
d) 120 Vh.
101) 8 volts are applied to a 2 Ohm resistor. What current will flow?
a) 4 coulombs.
b) 4 amps.
c) 24 watts.
d) 6 coulombs per second.
102) In a multi engined aircraft, how are the ammeters usually arranged?
a) One for each load bus bar.
b) One for all generators.
c) One for each set of generators which are paralleled.
d) One for each generator.
103) If you double the EMF, you will:

a) double resistance.
b) halve current.
c) double current.
d) double power.
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104) When a conductor cuts the flux of a magnetic field:

a) an electromotive force (EMF) is induced in the conductor
b) there will be no effect on the conductor
c) the field will collapse
d) current will flow in accordance with Flemings left hand rule
105) Electrical power is expressed in:

a) Watts
b) Coulombs
c) Volts
d) Amperes
106) A Ni-cad cell is fully charged. Its on load voltage is:

a) 1,2 volts.
b) 2,2 volts.
c) 12 volts.
d) 24 volts.
107) An earth return electrical system has:

a) two leads from the system to each service
b) two leads from each service to the aircraft's structure
c) one lead to the service and one lead to the structure
d) two leads from the system to the structure
108) The capacitance of several capacitors connected in parallel can be calculated to be:
a) the sum of the individual capacitances.
b) the inverse of the sum of the inverses of the individual capacitances.
c) the sum of the individual capacitances divided by the number of capacitors.
d) the inverse of the sum of the individual capacitances.
109) Parallel wound motors produce a... starting torque and their speed varies... with load.
a) moderate, only very slightly
b) high, moderately
c) high, slightly
d) low, significantly
110) The voltage regulator of a DC generator:

a) ensures a reverse current flow when the electrical circuit is broken
b) maintains a constant voltage
c) increases voltage when engine RPM increases
d) is used to limit generator voltage only when the engine is over speeding
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111) R1 and R2 resistances are connected in parallel. The value of the equivalent resistance (Req) so obtained is
given by the following formula:
a) 1/Req = 1/(R1 + R2)
b) Req = R1 + R2
c) Req = R1 x R2
d) 1/Req = 1/R1 + 1/R2
112) In aeronautics, the most commonly used batteries are NiCad because...
a) their output voltage is more constant than lead-acid batteries
b) they weigh less than lead-acid batteries
c) their electrolyte is neither corrosive nor dangerous
d) they are cheaper than lead-acid batteries
113) The difference in electrical potential between two points in a circuit is measured in:
a) Volts.
b) Coulombs.
c) Amperes.
d) Watts.
114) Assume a constant speed DC generator providing a constant output voltage. If the electrical load increases, the
voltage regulator will:
a) decrease the intensity of the excitation current.
b) change the direction of the excitation current.
c) maintain the intensity of the excitation current constant.
d) increase the intensity of the excitation current.
115) The purpose of an inverter could be:

a) to convert DC into AC.
b) all answers are correct.
c) to provide emergency power to essential AC consumers from a battery bus bar.
d) to supply DC power when the battery is out of service.
116) In a circuit containing reactive elements, the total current:

a) must be out of phase with the voltage.
b) may be out of phase with the voltage.
c) must be in phase with voltage.
d) will be independent of voltage.
117) An ammeter measures:

a) power dissipated.
b) Coulombs per second.
c) Amps per second.
d) potential differences.
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118) A 12 volt battery has a rating of 24 Ah. If fully charged, how long can it supply current to a 12 volt, 24 watt bulb?
a) 48 hours.
b) 6 hours.
c) 12 hours.
d) 1 hour.
119) Which of the following is an appropriate substance to use to neutralise the electrolyte from a Nicad cell?
a) A concentrated solution of sodium bicarbonate.
b) A dilute solution of sodium bicarbonate.
c) A dilute solution of boric acid.
d) Lead sulphate in powdered form.
120) If one of the 12 cells of a lead-acid battery is dead, the battery:

a) has 1/12 less capacity, but can still be used.
b) has 1/12 less voltage, but can still be used.
c) is unserviceable.
d) has 1/12 less voltage and less capacity, but can still be used.
121) What is load shedding?

a) a reduction of the voltage in the system
b) distributing of the load between generators
c) reduction of the total loads
d) an increase in the current to services
122) The voltage regulator of a DC generator is connected in:

a) parallel with the armature.
b) series with the armature.
c) parallel with the shunt field coil.
d) series with the shunt field coil.
123) A 12 volt lead acid battery has a broken connection in a cell, the battery:
a) provides 1/12th less voltage for the same time
b) provides 1/12th less voltage for 1/12th less time
c) is unserviceable
d) will suffer from thermal runaway
18
124) On board present aircraft, the batteries used are-mainly Cadmium-Nickel. Their advantages are:
1. low risk of thermal runaway

2. high internal resistance, hence higher power
3. good charging and discharging capability at high rating
4. wider permissible temperature range
5. good storage capability
6. sturdiness owing to its metal casing
7. the electrolyte density remains unchanged during charging
The combination of correct statements is:

a) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
b) 3, 4, 6, 7
c) 3, 4, 5, 6
d) 1, 2, 5, 6, 7
125) When approaching discharge, the characteristics of a battery are as follows:

a) voltage decreases, internal resistance decreases
b) voltage decreases, internal resistance increases, especially with Ni-cads
c) voltage decreases, internal resistance unchanged
d) voltage decreases, internal resistance increases
126) The primary purpose of bonding the metallic parts of an aeroplane is to:
a) prevent electrolytic corrosion between mating surfaces of similar metals.
b) provide a single earth for electrical devices.
c) provide safe distribution of electrical charges and currents.
d) isolate all components electrically and thus make the static potential constant.
127) A bus-bar is:

a) the stator of a moving coil instrument.
b) a device which may only be used in DC circuits.
c) a distribution point for electrical power.
d) a device permitting operation of two or more switches together.
128) The detection of a feeder fault on a direct current circuit results in:
1. automatic disconnection of the generator from the aircraft AC busbar

2. opening of generator field current relay
3. opening of the main relay of the generator breaker
4. opening of balancing circuit connecting two generators
5. lighting of an indicator lamp
The combination of correct statements is:

a) 1, 3, 5
b) 2, 3, 4, 5
c) 2, 4, 5
d) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
19
129) When being charged the specific gravity of the electrolyte in a lead-acid cell:
a) decreases.
b) increases.
c) exhibits little change.
d) depends on current flow.
130) A 3 microfarad capacitor is in parallel with a 6 microfarad capacitor. What is the combined capacitance?
a) 2 microfarads
b) 9 microfarads
c) 4.5 microfarads
d) 3 microfarads
131) 12.5 watts are being consumed by a 2 Ohm resistor. What voltage has been applied?
a) 6.25 volts.
b) Impossible to tell without knowing the current.
c) 3.125 volts.
d) 5 volts.
132) The on-load voltage of a lead-acid battery is... and is measured using...
a) 2 Volts, Voltmeter.
b) 2.2 Volts, Capacity meter.
c) 1.2 Volts, Voltmeter.
d) 1.35 Volts, battery charger.
133) A component that provides 115 VAC output after an input of 28 VDC is called:
a) An inverter, static or rotary.
b) A transformer / rectifier unit.
c) A rotary transformer.
d) A static rectifier.
134) A 2 Ohm resistor has 3 amps through it. What power is being consumed by the resistor?
a) 18 joules per second
b) 4.5 watts
c) 2 watts
d) 18 watts
135) Resistors in series act as..., resistors in parallel act as...

a) current dividers, current subtractors.
b) voltage dividers, voltage subtractors.
c) voltage dividers, current dividers.
d) current subtractors, voltage dividers.
20
another, and the combination of them is in series with R1. If R1 is 3 Ohms, R2 is 10 Ohms and R3 is 5 Ohms,
what is the total resistance of the circuit?
a) 6.33 Ohms.
b) 18 Ohms.
c) 1.58 Ohms.
d) 7.31 Ohms.
137) In an electrical circuit with 28V, 7A and 4ohms, the dissipated power is equal to:
a) 113 Watts
b) 196 Volts
c) 28 Watts
d) 196 Watts
138) If the frequency of the supply in a series capacitive circuit is increased, the current flowing in the circuit will:
a) remain the same.
b) be zero.
c) decrease.
d) increase.
139) Overloading an electrical circuit causes the fuse to blow. This:

a) fractures the fuse case.
b) disconnects the fuse from its holder.
c) melts the fuse link wire.
d) bends the bimetallic strip out of position.
140) One essential law of magnetism is:

a) Magnetic power equals the product of current and voltage.
b) A permanent magnet bar will always have a north and a south pole.
c) Equal poles attracts each other and unequal poles repel each other.
d) The distance between the poles does not affect the amount of attraction between poles.
141) There is a maximum amount of flux which can be carried by a piece of ferromagnetic material. This is due to:
a) residual magnetism
b) saturation
c) high coercivity
d) energy loss due to hysteresis
142) Electrical services are connected in parallel. When some are switched off:
a) current increases
b) current decreases
c) current stays the same
d) current may increase or decrease, depending on battery internal resistance
21
143) Voltage is expressed in... and the basic SI units for it are...
a) Tension, C/J
b) Emf, J/C
c) Volts, J/C
d) Volteres, C/J
144) Switching a DC alternator off is achieved by:

a) Open circuiting the armature.
b) Open circuiting the field electromagnet.
c) Close circuiting the armature.
d) Close circuiting the electromagnet.
145) The SI unit used for measuring... is...

a) current, Volts.
b) resistance, Ohms.
c) EMF, Amperes.
d) energy, Watts.
146) What type of electrical circuit is usually protected using a current limiter?
a) DC circuits only
b) Low duty power distribution circuits
c) High duty power distribution circuits
d) Logic circuits
another, and the combination of them is in series with R1. If R2 is twice R3 and has 2 amps running through it,
the power consumed by R3 is 16 watts, V is 12 volts, what is the power consumed by R1?
a) Impossible to tell without knowing either R1 or R2.
b) 72 watts.
c) 24 watts.
d) 48 watts.
148) What is the purpose of an ammeter?

a) to measure resistance
b) to measure emf when fitted in series with the component
c) to measure current when fitted in parallel in the circuit
d) to measure current when fitted in series in the circuit
149) If a DC circuit with a total resistance of 2 Ohms has 12 volts DC applied, then the resulting current is:
a) 24 A.
b) 0,167 A.
c) 6 A.
d) 10 A.
22
150) Consider a battery voltage V, connected to R1 and R2 which are in parallel: If V is 12 volts and R1 is 4 Ohms,
what current is flowing through R2?
a) Impossible to tell without further information.
b) Impossible to tell, but must be at least 3 amps.
c) Impossible to tell, but must be at most 3 amps.
d) 3 amps.
23
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JAA ATPL Theory Exam Preparation: 021-02-01 Direct Current (DC)

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JAA ATPL Theory Exam Preparation

021-02-01 Direct current (DC)

2) In an aeroplane utilising a constant frequency AC power supply, DC power is obtained from a:

b) Transformer Rectifier Unit.

c) 3 phase current transformer unit.

3) Aircraft standard fuses are fitted to:

d) protect wiring in battery circuits only.

b) electro magnetic induction.

c) electro motive force.

d) electro self induction.

7) The operating principle of a fuse is:

c) a high resistance metal wire.

d) a wire with a predetermined melting point.

8) Bonding is used to protect the aircraft against fire by:

b) providing an earth return system.

c) maintaining a different electrical potential throughout the aircraft's structure.

10) The commutator of a DC generator converts:

11) (Refer to figure 021-12)

b) starter switch, battery master switch, starter relay.

c) battery master switch, starter relay, starter switch.

d) starter relay, starter switch, battery master switch.

12) Recharging an aircraft's battery from an AC system would require:

b) voltage to increase due to the current available.

c) current produced to increase due to the reduced voltage.

b) In series with the armature.

c) In parallel with the field winding.

d) In series with the field winding.

1. from the bus when the battery charge is deemed satisfactory

The combination which regroups all of the correct statements is :

b) the synchronising bus-bar is disconnected from the busbar system.

c) equal loads are connected to each generator busbar before paralleling.

d) adequate voltage differences exists.

19) Aircraft systems are almost always:

b) single pole static systems

c) earth return systems

d) earth return with static system emergency back up

21) Impedance is:

b) the combined effect of real and imaginary power.

c) the combined effect of resistance and conductivity.

d) the combined effect of power factor and phase angle.

c) A small total current will flow.

d) A large total current will flow.

23) A generator is taken Off-line by:

b) operating the field switch

c) removing all loads

d) manual operation of the generator cut-out

b) the same; increased

25) The international symbol of electrical power is

b) I and it is measured in amperes.

c) U and it is measured in volts.

d) R and it is measured in ohms.

26) The capacity of a battery is expressed in terms of:

27) A 12 volt battery that has 1 dead cell:

b) still has a voltage of 12V.

c) has less capacity.

28) When an electrical circuit is open circuited:

b) resistance will be low

c) resistance will be high

d) resistance will be zero

29) The unit of inductance is:

b) the inverse of the sum of the individual inductances.

c) the inverse of the sum of the inverses of the individual inductances.

d) the sum of the individual inductances divided by the number of inductors.