Assignment CP2 - Methods in Calculus

Exam Questions - Standard Level

x(x − 1)
1. It is given that f (x) = . Express f (x) in partial fractions and hence
(x + 1)(x2 + 1)
find the exact value of Z 1
f (x)dx.
0

2. (a) For each of the following improper integrals, find the value of the integral or
explain briefly why it does not have a value:
Z 9
1
(i) √ dx
x
Z0 9
1
(ii) √ dx
0 x x
(b) Explain briefly why the integrals in part (a) are improper integrals.

3. !
1
f (x) = arctan 3x + arcsin p , x ∈ R.
9x2 + 1)

Show, by a detailed method, that

(a) f ′ (x) = 0.
!
1
(b) arctan 3x + arcsin p = kπ, stating the value of the constant k.
9x2 + 1)

4. For each of the following improper integrals, find the value of the integral or explain
briefly why it does not have a value:
Z 1 1 1

(a) x 3 + x− 3 dx
0
1 1
1
x 3 + x− 3
Z
(b) dx
0 x

4
5. (i) Express in partial fractions.
(1 − x)(1 + x)(1 + x2 )

1
 (ii) Show that
Z 1
√
√ !
3 4 3+1 1
dx = ln √ + π.
0 1 − x4 3−1 3

6. Find the exact value of the following integral.

∞
1 − ln x
Z
dx.
e x2

7. (a) Explain why Z ∞

1
dx
1 x(2x + 5)
is an improper integral.
(b) Prove that
Z ∞
1
dx = a ln b,
1 x(2x + 5)
where a and b are rational numbers to be determined

8.
x+2
f (x) =
x2 + 9
(a) Show that
Z x
f (x)dx = A ln(x2 + 9) + B arctan + c,
3
where c is an arbitrary constant to be found.
(b) Hence show that the mean value of f (x) over the interval [0, 3] is

1 1
ln 2 + π
6 18
(c) Use the answer to part (b) to find the mean value, over the interval [0, 3], of

f (x) + ln k
1
where k is a positive constant, giving your answer in the form p + ln q, where p
6
and q are constant and q is in terms of k.
x−1
(d) Find the mean of the the function g(x) = over the interval [3, 6].
(x − 3)2 + 9

2
 9. The function f is defined by

ax + b
f (x) ≡ , x ∈ R,
ex

where a and b are non zero constants.

1
The mean value of f in the interval (ln 2, ln 4) is .
4 ln 2
Given further that
Z ∞
3
f (x)dx = ,
1 e

determine the value of a and the value of b.

10.
4y
f (y) = , y ∈ R, |y| =
̸ 1.
y4 −1
(a) Express f (y) into three partial fractions.
(b) Hence evaluate the improper integral
Z ∞
f (y)dy,
2

showing clearly the limiting processes used.

(c) Find, in exact form, the mean value of f in the interval {y ∈ R | 2 ≤ y ≤ 4}.
(d) Find f (ȳ) over the interval [−4, −2].

11. By showing formally all the limiting processes evaluate the following integral

1
Z π
1 4 sin 2x
− dx.
0 x 1 − cos 2x
√ !
π 2
Give the answer in the form ln , where n is a positive integer to be found.
n

√
12. Use the substitution u = x to find
Z
1
√ dx
(x2 − 1) x

3
 1
13. Use the substitution u = to find
x+1
Z
1
√ dx
(x + 1) x2 + 4x + 2

14.
cos x
sec x ≡ .
1 − sin2 x

(a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

(b) Use the substitution u = sin x to show that

Z π √ !
3 1 7+4 3
sec xdx = ln .
π 2 3
6

(c) Show clearly that

√ !
2√
 
1 7+4 3
ln = ln 1 + 3
2 3 3

15. (a)
y = tan−1 x

Assuming the derivative of tan x , prove that

dy 1
=
dx 1 + x2
Consider the function
f (x) = x tan−1 4x
Z
(b) Show that f (x)dx = Ax2 tan−1 4x + Bx + C tan−1 4x + k,

where k is an arbitrary constant and A, B and C are constants to be determined.

" √ #
3
(c) Hence find, in exact form, the mean value of f (x) over the interval 0, .
4

4
16.
9 A Bx + C
= + .
x3 + 1 x + 1 x2 − x + 1
(a) Find the value of each of the constants A, B and C in the above identity.
(b) Hence find the exact value of
Z 1
9
dx.
0 x3 + 1

17. (i) Given that

p
y=x 1 − x2 − arccos x,
dy
find in a simplified form.
dx
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find the exact value of
Z 1 p
2 1 − x2 dx
0

18. (a) Given that y = x arcsin x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, find

dy
(i) an expression for ,
dx
dy
(ii) the exact value of when x = 21 .
dx
You will learn about hyperbolic trig functions in a later chapter. Please ignore part
(b) of this question until you have completed CP10.

(b) Given that y = arctan(3e2x ), show that

dy 3
= .
dx 5 2x + 4 sinh 2x

19. You will learn about hyperbolic trig functions in a later chapter. Please skip this
question until after you have completed CP10.

1
f (x) = √
4x2 + 9
(a) Using a substitution, that should be stated clearly, show that
Z
f (x)dx = A sinh−1 (Bx) + c

5
 where c is an arbitrary constant and A and B are constants to be found.
(b) Hence find, in exact form in terms of natural logarithms, the mean value of f (x)
over the interval [0, 3].

20. Show that

∞
8x − 12
Z
dx = ln k,
0 (2x2 + 3)(x + 1)
where k is a constant to be found.

21. (a) Given that y = cot−1 x, show that

dy −1
= 2 .
dx x +1

6x2 − 10x − 9
(b) Express in terms of partial fractions.
(2x + 3)(x2 + 1)
(c) Hence find
6x2 − 8x − 6
Z
dx.
(2x + 3)(x2 + 1)
(d) Explain why
5
6x2 − 8x − 6
Z

−2 (2x + 3)(x2 + 1)
cannot be evaluated.

22. (a) Evaluate the integral

Z ∞
dx
.
0 (1 + x)5
(b) By putting u = ln x, determine whether or not the following integral has a finite
value.
Z ∞
dx
.
2 x ln x

23. Evaluate the integral

Z 1
dx
√ .
0 2x2 + 4x + 6

6
Problem solving
1. The function f is defined as
 
1
f (x) = arctan , x ∈ (−∞, ∞).
2x2

(a) Find a simplified expression for f ′ (x).

(b) Show that limx→±∞ (xf (x)) = 0
2x2 − 2x + 1
  
(c) Determine the value of limx→±∞ ln = 0.
2x2 + 2x + 1
Z ∞
(d) Hence find the value of f (x)dx.
−∞

2. Use appropriate integration techniques to find an exact simplified value for

Z ∞
1
dx.
0 (x + x−1 )2

3. Show that the exact value of

1
(1 − x)ex
Z
dx.
0 x2 + e2x
can be written as arccot(e)

4. Use appropriate integration techniques to find an exact simplified value for the following
improper integral:

∞
x3
Z
dx.
0 ex − 1

You may assume without proof that

∞
X 1 π4
= .
r4 90
r=1

7
Challenge
Given that x + a > 0 and x + b > 0 , and that b > a , show that
  √
d x+a b−a
arcsin = √
dx x+b (x + b) a + b + 2x
 
d x+b
and find arcosh .
dx x+a
Hence, or otherwise, integrate, for x > −1 ,
Z
1
(i) √ dx ,
(x + 1) x + 3
Z
1
(ii) √ dx .
(x + 3) x + 1

d 1 d 1
[You may use the results arcsin x = √ and arcosh x = √ . ]
dx 1 − x2 dx 2
x −1