AN INTERNATIONAL CODE 2007 ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code PA Ord Vil RECOMMENDED GUIDELINES e FOR THE CARE OF POWER BOILERS ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee Subcommittee on Power Boilers Os The American Society of ‘© Mechanical Engineersise of sane: July 1, 2007 (Unctudes all Addenda ded ly 2006 ad earlier) ‘This international cod or standard was developed under procedure acreied as meeting the eters for American Nacional Standards and tix an American National Standard. The Standards Comite that approved the code or saad was banced to assure tat individuals fom competent and concerned intrest hive had a oppotunty to paricipae, The proposed cde tr sandard was made available for pubic review and comment that provides an oppuuity fo adn public inp frm Industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and Ue public |ASME doesnot “approve.” “rate” or "endoese™ any item comvnaton, piretary device. or axtiy "ASME does nt take any postion with eespect to the wali af any pent righsasseried!| im eonnestior ih any ems rertgned this document, ad des not undertake ta insure anyone othring& Sadat apsns aby tor oigement of ny applicable letters patent, nor asame ay sh iby. Uses facade oe stand are expressly advise th determination ‘ofthe validity of any uch patent rights, andthe rk of ttingement of sich rights 5 eniely et own responsibilty Paicipation by federal agency representatives person) ailiated with indo is at to be ietepreted as goverinent ov industry endorsement of this code or standard |ASME accepts espe for only those interpretation ofthis document sued in aecordance withthe evabahed ASME procedures and policies. sich precioes he isance of ieterpetatons Dy individ “The footoes inthis document ate part of thi Arpeseat Natl Stan (N) cH The above ASME symbols ae registered Inthe US. Patent Office “ASME i the trdemask of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. [No pat ofthis document may be rpreduced in any Form. in an electronic setieval system ox othernse. witha the prior writen permisian of the pulser Library f Congress Catalog Curt Nomber: 56-3984 Prot inthe United State of America [Allopted by the Council ofthe Amercin Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1914 Revied 1640, 1981. 198%, 1946, 189.1952, 1991. 1986. 1958, 1962, 1965, 1966, 1971, 1978, 1977, 1986, 1983, 1986, 99,1902, 195, 1998, DMN, 2008, 2407 The American Sosity of Mechanical Engineers ‘Taree Park Avene, New Youu, NY 11016-5990 CCopymgh 2007 by “THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGI AI) Rights Rewwned2007 ASME BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CODE SECTIONS 1 Rules tor Construction of Power Boilers NH Maeriats Part A — Ferrous Material Spe Pant B— Nonferrous Material Specifi Part C — Specifications tor Welding Rods, Hlecindes, and Fillee Metals Pact D — Properties (Customary) Pact D — Properties (Metric! I Rules tor Construction of Nuclear Facitity Components Subsection NCA = General Requirements for Division | and Division 2 Division | Suhwetion NB — Class 1 Components Subsection NC — Class 2 Components Subsection ND — Class & Components Subsection NE — Class MC Components Subsection NF — Supports Subsection NG — Core Suppost Structures Subsection NH — Class 1 Comnponeats in Elevated Temperature Servive Appendices Dinision 2 — Code for Concrete Containments Division 3 — Containments for Transportation and Storage of Spent Nuclear buch and High Leve} Radioactive Material and Waste IV Rules tor Construction of Heating Boilers V_ Nondestructive Examination VI Recommended Rules for the Cure and Operation of Heating Boiters VIL Recommended Guidelines for the Care of Power Boilers VEIL Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels Division 1 Division 2 — Alternative Rules Division 3 — Alternative Rules for Construction of High Pressure Vessels IX Welding and Brazing Qualifications X Fiber Reintorwed Plastic Prossure Vessels XI Rules tor Inservice Inspection of Nuclear Power Plant Components XI Rules for Construction and Continued Service of Transport TanksADDENDA Colored-sheet Addenda, which include additions and revisions to individual Sections of the Code, are published annually and will be sent automatically to purchasers of the applicable Sections up to the publication of the 2010 Code. The 2007 Code is available only in the loose-leat format; accordingly, the Addenda will be issued in the oose-leaf, replacement-page format INTERPRETATIONS ASME issues written replies to inquiries concen interpretation of technical aspects of the Code. The Inter- pretations for each individual Section will be published separately and will be included as part of the update service to that Section. Interpretations of Section II, Divisions 1 and 2, will be included with the update service to Subsec- tion NCA, Interpretations of the Code are distributed annually in July with the issuance of the edition and subse quent addenda. Interpretations posted in January at swwew.cstools.asme.orgfinterpretations are inchuded in the July distribution CODE CASES ‘The Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee meets regu larly to consider proposed additions and revisions to the Code and to formulate Cases t clarify the intent of existing, Fequirements or provide when the nced is urgent, rules for materials or constructions not covered by existing Code rules, Those Cases that have been adopted will appear in the appropriate 2007 Code Cases book: “Boilers and Pressure Vessels” and “Nuclear Components.” Supple: ments will be sent automatically to the purchasers of the Coxde Cases books up to the publication of the 2010 Code.Foreword, CONTENTS Statements of Policy Personnel Introduction Summary of Changes ...... i Subsection C1 1.100 1.200 1.300 1.400 1.500 C1600 Figures cn2t C122 C123a C123 Subsection C2 100 €2.500 ‘Subsection C3, 3.100 3.200 3.300 3.400 3.500 Fundamentals. . ‘Steam Generation Boiler Types. Package Boilers Field-Assembled Boilers. Combustion Boiler Efficiency Simple Steam Drum, ‘Steam Drum With Tubes Steam Drum Internals — Baffle Type. ‘Steam Drum Internals — Double-Row Arrangement, Cyclone Separator Type Boiler Operation .. General Guidelines Preparing for Operation Starting up On-Line Operation ... Outof-Service Operation Boller Auxiliaries Preparation of Auxiliaries for Service Fuc-Baring Equipment Air Heaters Economizer. Boiler Feed Pumps Auxiliary Drives .. Draft Fans. Dampers ‘Typical Pilot and Gas Piping Arrangement ‘Typical Fuel Oil Train ‘Typical Underfeed Stoker Feeder-Distibutor for Firing of Coal on a Spreader Stoker Spreader Stoker, Continuous Ash Discharge Grate ‘Typical Bowl Milt xi xxiv l L 1 2 2 4 18 19 2 21 4 25327 3.28 329 33-1 0332 C333 a1 C351 C361 3.62 3.63 371 3.81 Subsection C4 4.100 €4.200 c4.300 c4.400 ¢4,500 C4600 c4.700 Figures cat 4.1.2 C413 ca cas C4241 Table C4241 ‘Subsection C5 5.100 5.200 €5.300 ‘Subsection C6 6.100 6.200 €6,300 6.400 6.500 6.600 6.700 6.800 6.900 €6.1000, ‘Typical Impact Mill. ‘Arrangement of Ball-Tube Mill Burner for Horizontal Firing of Coal Typical Tubular Air Heater ‘Typical Regenerative Air Heater Details of Regenerative Air Preheater, Bisector Type ‘Typical Economizer ‘Typical Centrifugal Boiler Feed Pump, Water Connections ‘Typical Motor Drive . ‘Typical Single Stage Turbine Drive ‘Typical Turbine Drive Arrangement . Airfoil Blade Centrifugal Fan With Inlet Vane Control ‘Typical Outlet Fan Dampers (Multilouver). Appurtenances Safety Valves Safety Relief Valves or Relief Valves Pressure Gages Fusible Plugs. Feedwater Regulator Valve. . Blowdown. Soot Blowers Safety Valve Nameplate ‘Typical Safety Valve Recommended Safety Valve Installation Application of Test Gag Hydraulic Lift Assist Device ‘Test Apparatus for Seat Tightness. Leakage Rates for Safety Relief Valves for Set 1,000 psig (7 MPa) Instrumentation, Controls, and Interlocks General ... at Indicators and Recorders. Controls and Interlocks Inspection Scope Inspection Frequency Preparation for Inspection. Inspection of Internal Surfaces and Parts Inspection of Extemal Surfaces and Parts Care and Maintenance Repairs Hydrostatic Test. Boilers — General Authorized Inspector 28 29 29 32 3 34 35 38 38 0 2 2 9 31 31 sl 2 52 2 45 4 50 30. sere 37 st 37 58 58 6 6s 65 65 65Figures C614 6341 C641 C642 ‘Subsection C7 7.100 7.200 7.300 7.400 Subsection C8, 8.100 8.200 8.300 C8400 C8500 8.600 8.700 c8.g00 8.900 Figures C84 C84. C85. C852 css. casa C855 C861 Tables 8.84 ‘Typical Boiler Water Level Gage Install Typical Valve Lineup Prior to Inspection Typical Stays: ‘Typical Forms of Fusible Plugs. Repairs, Alterations, and Maintenance Repairs and Alterations Maintenance Boiler Maintenance Programs ‘Steam Boilers Control of Internal Chemical Conditions General {Internal Cleaning of Boilers Laying up of Boilers Deposits Internal Corrosion Corrosion Cracking of Buiter § ‘Steam Contamination ‘Sampling. Testing, Controlling. and Reporting of Analyses of Water Fire-Side Conditions. ‘el Scale Causing Overhesting and Tube Failure Deposit Effect on Boiler Tube Versus Tube Temperature Oxygen Corrosion in an Feonomizer Tube Caustic Gouge-Type Auack on Boiler Tube Chelate Attack Caused by Excessive Feed of Chemical CO; Carbonic Acid Atack on Condensate Pipe Oxygen Attack on Condensate Pipe H* Damage on Boiler Tube Mathods for Sampling of Water and Steam Methods of Analysis tor the Control of Water for Boilers Useful Tests tor the Contol of Water for Boilers. Preventing Boiler Failures General Overpressure Weakening of Structure Operation of Combustion Equipment Furnace Explosions Furnace Implosions ndices Submittal of Technical Inquiries to the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee Standard Units for Use in Equations 37 59 61 62 6 67 67 68 0 8 5 5 6 n ~ 83 86, 8 B 80 80 a1 82 82 85 86 87 88 90 90 95 96 96 101Nonmandatory Appendices Procedures for Care and Maintenance of Package Boilers ‘Watertube Boilers — Maintenance Checks. Watertube Boilers — Operating Checks Relating to Maintenance Firetube Boilers — Maintenance Checks Firetube Boilers — Operating Checks Relating to Maintenance. Guidance for the Use of U.S. Customary and SI Units in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code amgau> Glossary loz 03 ho 2 mB ha "7FOREWORD ‘The American Society of Mechanical Engineers set up a ‘committee in 1911 for the purpose of formulating standard rules for the construction of steam boilers and other pres sure vessels, This committe is now called the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committe. The Committee's function is to establish rules of safety rolating only to pressure integrity. governing the construc lea! of boilers, pressure vessels, teansport tanks and nuclear components, and inserviee inspection for pressure Integrity of nuclear components and transport tanks, and to interpret these rules when guestions arise regarding their intent, This code does not address other safety issues relat- ing tothe construction of boilers. pressure vessels. transport nks and nuclear components, and the inservice inspection of nuclear components and transport tanks. The user of the Code should refer to other pertinent codes, standards, laws, regulations, oF other relevant documents, With few exceptions, the rules do not, of practical necessity, reflect the likelihood and consequences of deterioration in service related to specific servive fluids or external operati ronments. Recognizing this, the Committee has approved ‘wide variety of construction rules in this Section to allow the user or his designee to select those which sill provid a pressure vessel having « margin for deterioration in ser- vive so as to give a reasonably long. safe period of tse fulness. Accordingly, it is not intended that this Section eds. a design handbook; rather, engineering judgnent must be employed in the selection of those sets of Code rules suitable to any specitie service oF need. This Code contains mandatory requirements. specific prohibitions, and nonmandatory guidance for construction activities. The Code dogs not address all aspects of these xelivities and those aspects which ace not specitically addressed should not be considered prohibited. The Code i not a handbook and cannot replace education, experi- ence, and the use of engineering judgment. The phrase engineering judgment refers (0 technical jdigments rade by knowledgeable designers experienced in the application of the Code. Engineering judgments must be consist with Code philosophy and such judgments m be used 10 overrule mandatory requirements or specific prohibitions of the Code ‘Consraction, 3 wed inthis Focevord, sam allncusive tem som prising materi. desian, fabrication, examina, inspection. testing Sonesta pees he The Committee recognizes that tools and techniques used for design and analysis change as technology prog: resses and expects engineers (0 use good judgment in the pplication of these tools. The designer is responsible for complying with Code rules and demonstrating eumpliance with Code equations when such equations are wr andatory The Code neither requives nor prohibits the use of comput- es fr the design of analysis of components constructed to the requirements of the Code. However. designers and engineers using computer programs for design or analysis ‘ae cautioned that they are responsible for all technical ‘assumptions inherent in the programs they use and they ae responsible for the application of these programs to their design ‘The Code does not fully address tolerances, When dimensions. sizes, or other parameters ate no! specified ‘with foleranees, the values of these parameters are consid ered nominal and allowable tolerances or local variances may be considered acceptable when based on engineering judgment and standard practices as determinsd by the designer. The Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee deals with the cate and inspection of boilers and pressure vessels in service only to the extent of providing suggested rules of ood practice as an aid to owners and their inspectors. ‘The rales established by the Committee are not to be interpreted as approving. ecommending, or endorsing any proprietary or specific design or as limiting in ary way the manufacturer's freedom to choose any method of design ‘or any form of construction that conforms to the Code rules. “Tho Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee meets regu- lanl to consider revisions of the rules, new rules is dictated by technological development, Code Cases, and requests for interpretations. Only the Boiler and Presscre Vessel ‘ommittee has the authority to provide official interpreta- tions of this Code. Requests for revisions, new rules, Code Cases, or interpretations shall be addressed to the Secretary in writing and shall give fll particulars in order to receive consideration and action (see Mandatory Appendix cov- ring preparation of technical inquiries). Proposed revi: sions to the Code resulting from inquiries willbe presented to the Main Committee for approprite action. The action othe Main Commitee becomes effective only after con- firmation by leter ballot of the Commitee and approval hy ASME.Proposed revisions to the Code approved by the Commit tee are submitted to the American National Standards Inst tute and published at hrtp://estools.asme.org/esconneet! publiclindex.cfm?PublicReview = Revisions to invite com ‘ments from all interested persons. After the allotted time for public review and final approval by ASME, revisions are published annually in Addenda to the Code, Code Cases may be used in the construction of compo- ns 10 be stamped with the ASME Code symbol begin: ning with the date of their approval by ASME. Alter Code revisions are approved by ASME, they may be used beginning with the date of issuance shown on the Addenda. Revisions, except for revisions to material specifications in Section Il, Parts A and B, become manda: tory six months after such date of issuance, except for boilers or pressure vessels contracted for prior to the end of the six-month period. Revisions to material specifica tions are originated by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and other recognized national or international organizations. and are usually adopted by ASME. However, those revisions may or may not have y effect on the suitability of material, produced to earlier editions of specifications, for usc in ASME construction, ASME material specifications approved for use in each construction Code are listed in the Guidelines for Accept able ASTM Editions in Section Il, Parts A and B, These Guidelines list, for each specification, the latest edition adopted by ASME, and earlier and later editions considered by ASME to be identical for ASME construction. ‘The Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee in the formu: lation of its rules and in the establishment of maximum design and operating pressures considers materials, con struction, methods of fabrication, inspection, and safety devices. ‘The Code Committe does not rule on whether a compo- ‘nent shall or shall not be constructed to the provisions of the Code. The Scope of each Section has been established to identify the components and parameters considered by the Committee in formulating the Code rules. Questions or issues regarding compliance of a specific component with the Code rules are to be directed to the ASME Cerificate Holder (Manufacturer). Inquiries con cerning the interpretation of the Code are to be directed to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee ASME is to be notified should questions arise concerning improper use of an ASME Code symbol. ‘The specifications for materials given in Section I are identical with or similar to those of specifications published by ASTM, AWS, and other recogn zed national or interna tional organizations, When reference is made in an ASME material specification to a non-ASME specification tor ‘which a companion ASME specification exists, the refer tence shall be interpreted as applying to the ASME material specification. Not all materials included in the material specifications in Section TL have been adopted for Code use. Usage is limited to those materials and grades adopted by at leust one of the other Sections of the Code for applica tion under rules of that Section. All materials allowed by ‘these various Sections and used for construction within the scope of their rules shall be Furnished in aecordance with ‘material specifications contained in Section Il or referenced in the Guidelines for Acceptable ASTM Editions in Section I, Parts A and B, except where otherwise provided in Code Cases or in the applicable Section of the Code, Materials ccavered by these specifications are acceptable for use in items covered by the Code Sections only to the degree indicated in the applicable Section. Materials for Code use should preferably be ordered, produced. and documented ‘on this basis; Guideline for Acceptable ASTM Editions in Section Il, Part A and Guideline for Acceptable ASTM. Editions in Section Ul, Part B list editions of ASME and ‘year dates of specifications that meet ASME requirements and which may be used in Code construction. Material produced to an acceptable specification with requirements different trom the requirements ofthe corresponding speci fications listed in the Guideline for Acceptable ASTM. Editions in Part A or Part B may also be used in accordance with the above, provided the material manufacturer or ves sel manufacturer certifies with evidence acceptable to the Authorized Inspector that the corresponding requirements ‘of specifications listed in the Guideline for Acceptable ASTM Fditions in Part A or Part B have been met, Material produced 10 an acceptable material specification is not limited as to country of origin, ‘When requited by content in this Section, the singular shall be interpreted as the plural, and vice-versa: and the feminine, masculine. or neuter gender shall be treated as such other gender as appropriateSTATEMENT OF POLICY ON THE USE OF CODE SYMBOLS AND CODE AUTHORIZATION IN ADVERTISING ASME has established procedures to authorize qualified ‘organizations to perform various activities in accordance with the requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure ‘Vessel Code, Lis the aim of the Society to provide recogni- tion of organizations so authorized. An organization hold- ing authorization to perform various activities in accordance with the requirements of the Code may stale this capability in it advertising literature. Organizations that are authorized to use Code Symbols for marking items or constructions that have been con- siructed and inspected in compliance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code are issued Certificates of Autho- ‘ization. Itis the aim of the Society to maintain the st of the Code ‘enforcement jurisdictions, and the holders of the symbols, who comply with all requirements, Based on these objectives, the following policy has been established on the usage in advertising of facsimiles of the symbols, Centficates of Authorization, and reference 10 Code construction, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers does not “approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, or activity and there shall bbe no statements or implications that might so indicate. An organization holding a Code Symbol and/or a Certificate of Authorization may state in advertising literature that items, constructions, or activities “are built (produced or per- formed) or activities conducted in accordance with the requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,” or “meet the requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.” ‘The ASME Symbol shall be used only for staraping and nameplates as specifically provided in the Code, However, facsimiles may be used for the purpose of fostering the Use of such construction, Such usage may be by an associa- tion or a society, or by & holder af a Code Symbol who may also use the facsimile in advertising to show that clearly specified items will cary the symbol. Gensral usage is permitted only when all of a manufacturer's items are constructed under the rules. ‘The ASME logo, which is the cloverieaf with the letters ASME within, shall not be used by any organization other ‘than ASME, STATEMENT OF POLICY ON THE USE OF ASME MARKING TO IDENTIFY MANUFACTURED ITEMS The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code provides rules for the construction of boilers, pressure vessels, and nuclear components. This includes requirements for mate- vials, design, fabrication, examination, inspection, and Mamping. Items constructed in accordance with all of the applicable rules of the Code are idemtfied with the official Code Symbol Stamp described in the governing Section of the Code. Markings such as “ASME,” "ASME Standard,” or any ‘other marking including “ASME” or the various Code ‘Symbols shall not be used on any item that is not con- structed in accordance with all of the applicable require- ments of the Code. lems shall not be described on ASME Data Report Forms nor on similar forms referring to ASME that tend ‘0 imply that all Code requirements have been met when, in fact, they have not been, Data Report Forms covering stems not fully complying with ASME requirements should not refer to ASME or they should clearly identity all excep- tions to the ASME requirementsPERSONNEL ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee Subcommittees, Subgroups, and Working Groups As of January 1, 2007 an conte HONORS AND AWARDS COMMITIE Gu haber Cine Lt ster i coe Ye Hae wea eae rey es finesse ona noes sae bs Bae Euan RIN CONFERENCE GROUP hes iia CL Hoffmann A Moen, Honorary LW, Douthwaite Ot 1 a ate Methactey conrerevce commie eet euieirit men cousin Be ae imbue” 2 a ey fea ie eee saben Conde |S. Brauszkiewicz, Secretary —_D.£. Tanner ‘Aber, . — Michigan Serene eee 13 Sra Se econ ete! cna” EAE Foes DL Hoge spi tae EEE te eee gerne rceae Ga steam Ctl crete) Stn Pate Geeta weet eunee MONORARY MEMBERS a4 COMPAID Cyne oon aoa nee yea £9 Bown vt owed Mahar Mian Beit ea Ebest a F Paco guie rn tes ie es ‘aaa re epee ene fis arb ede Sis eae io ae eae: ce mir an ones aoa heel te le alncon i manager 1 Hames PA, Lorin — Now York‘CONFERENCE COMMITTEE (CONT'D) RD. Mile — Ontario, Canada. 5. Pucek — Wisconsin MF Mooney — DE, Ross — Now Brunswick, Massachusets Canada G.R.Myrick— Arkansas ——_N. Surtees — Sashatchowan, Y. Nagpaul — Hawai. Canada W.RuOwens — Lousiana MR, Tath— Tennessow T.M, Parks — Texss MLL Verhagen — Wisconsin RP. Pate — Alabama ‘ML Washington — New Jersey 1-0. Payton — Pennsylvania RB. West —lowa MR Peterson — Alaska H.. Pia — South Dakota 1. Prat — Missouri D.C. Price Yokon Territory, Canada M1 Wheel — Vermoas D. J. Wills — Indians E Zarate — Anzona [BPY PROJECT TEAM ON HYDROGEN TANKS M.D. Rana, Chair B.C. Biel, Comesponding GM. Eisenberg, Secretary ‘Member FL Brown 1. Cameron, Corresponding D.A.Cananice. Member D.C. Cook M Duncan, Conesponding 1. W Felbaum ‘Member T. Joseph DR. Fritken, Comtesponding 1M. Lacy Member NL Newhouse LE Hayden, J GB. Rawls Ie onresponding Member JOR Sims, Ie K.T Lag, Comesponding 1 Siosh Member 1-H. Smith K. Oyama, Coresponcling 5. Staniszewski Member T. Tahara CHE Rishin, Covresponding D.W. Treadwell Member E Upitis, . San Marchi, Comesponding CTL Webster Member Hi Barhelemy, Corresponding. Someday, Corresponding Member Member INTERNATIONAL INTEREST REVIEW GROUP V. Fes Y. Pak 5-H Leong P. Wilkamson W. tin ¥. Kim, Delegate Min SUBCOMMITTEE ON POWER BOILERS (SC D.L. Beeger, Chair W. 1 Lowry 8, W. Robes, Vice Chae JR. Mckay U.D'U, Secretar TC MeGough DA, Canonico RE MeLavghlin, KK Coleman PLA Maleie P.O. Edwards ¥. Oishi 1G. Felestein 1.7. Pillow I. Hainsworth RD. Sehueler Ir TE Hanson FP Swery Ie 1.5. Hume JM. Tanzosh C.F Jeerings 8 V Wielgoszing J.P. Libbreche DJ. Wills Honorary Members (SC 8 DN. French RA Willams WE, Somers Subgroup on Design ($C 0) PLA Molvie. Chir 1. P. Libbrecht GL Hier. Seeerary 1G sight ML Coats 8.W. Moore F.0. Fishbura RD. Schuler 1. Glaspie LL Seigle GF Jeerngs| IP Sweay, G.8. Komora SV. Torkildson ‘Subgroup on Fabrication and Examination (SC 1 1 Pills, Chae 16 Hansen IL Armole TC. MeGough D.. Berger RE, tctaughlin 5.W. Cameron ¥. Ohi G.W. Galanes RV. Wielgoseinsk J Hanson Subgroup on General Requirements (SC 1) RE McLaughlin. Chave T.C. MeGough Hainsworth, Secretary LT Pillow 6 Conk © Tompkins P.D Edwards 5. v.Torildson TE. Hancon RV. Wielgoszinske WL Loney D. | willis F mast Subgroup on Materials (SC 1 B.W. Rober, Chair JF Henny IS. Hunter, Secretary 1.8 Grech D.A. Canenico 1. Mlackay K.K. Coloma F Maayama G.w.G JM. Tanzosh KL Hayes Subgroup on Piping (SC b TE Hansen, Chair Mass: D.L. Berg TC Metough PD. Febwach 0. Tompkins G.W. Calanes © AWhatle Heat Recovery Steam Generators Task Group (SC 1) 7. €. Hansen, Chie EM. Ontman, Secretary BW. Andhra BW. Moore AL Flurles RD, Scheele. fe LP Ball, 1G Severna. Ie LR, Douglas SR Tink 1D. Fishin 5 6. Komen aSUBCOMMITTEE ON MATERIALS (SC th IF teeny, Chaie CL Hofimcon (6. Gold, View Chow PA Larkin toh, Seetay F, Masayams F abe RK Nana D.C Agarwal ML. Nayar WR Apbien. Ie E.G Nabe A. Appleton .W. Raoi MLN Hessler 8. w Rober HD. Bushell Shapieo 1Careetnn RC Sathelin B.A Canonien RW. Swineman A Chaudouet JM. Tanaost 1 Fallouey 8. £ Thurgood DLW. Candy RA. Maen, Honorary MH Gilkey Member HL Grab 1D. Kwon, Delegate Honorary Members (SC ) AP Abend 1.1. Heger TM Culen GC He Dircher! RA Moen YD -Daty CE Spacder, I WD. Kdsall A.W. Zeuthen: Subgroup on External Pressure (SC Ml & SC-D) BAY, Mika, Chae 1M. Katcher Dx ACMorr, Secremry OL Karle LT. Camp E, Michalopoulos 1.8. Grain 1B. Nade!| |b Gaba CHL Sturgeon Subgroup on Ferrous Specifications (SC 1) [.G Nisbett Chair D.C. Krowse 1A. Appleton, Vice Chair Lh Laversi KM, Davenr Ww. C Mack 5. Mi Dingman IK, Mahaney M1 Bredeuran AS Mell T, Grahom KE One LF Gath © Upive KOM Hote R.Zawierucha 1.5. tamkavesk A.W. Zeathen, Subgroup on International Material Specifications (SC 1) WM. Lundy. Chair D.O. Henry A. Choudoues, Vice Chair M, Higuch| 1.P. Glaspie, Secretay H Lowene D.C. Agarwal ALR Npening HD. Bushfield RD, Seheley, DA, Canomico EA. Steer PFallovey E Ups AF, Garbolevsky 1D. Kison, Delegate Subgroup on Nonferrous Alloys (SC 11) DW. Raho, Choir ALG. Kiet, i 1M. Katcher, Secretary J. Kissel D.C. Agarwal PLA Latkin WR Apt, Hi. Matus HD. Besiteld| 1 ACMeNaser LG. Callow D.T. Paters MH. Gilkey E Shapiro IL. Grubb RC. Sutherlin FA liner K Zawiorichs CC Hes Subgroup on Strength, Ferrous Alloys (SC H) 1. Hotiman, Chair F, Masuyam at Tanzogh, Secreta H. kansuo F Abe H. tueakars| WR Aphien DW. Raho B.A Canonico. BW. Raber KK Coleman M.S. Shelton P Fallovey RW. Swindeman M. Golet 5 & Thungood 1 Henry TP. Vassallo, TL toe Subgroup on Physical Properties (SC 11) 1 Grubb, chave D.C Aganval HD. Bonhild » Fallouey Shapiro ‘Subgroup on Strength of Weldments (SCH & SC 1X) St Taneonh, Chair |. F Hongy WF. Newell, Secretry 0, W, Rabo KK Coleman BW. Ror PD, Renner W. | Spore D.W. Gandy BE Thue KLS ‘Sulygroup on Toughness C11 & SC Vit Ww. 5. focobs, Chair K. Makbaarian LL Amol CC Neely RI. Basile TT. Philips 1 Camara MD. Rana HF Gorden DLA Swamen D.C. Lamb © Ups Special Working Group on Nonmetallic Materials SC 11) CW ose, Chae MR, Kessler FL. Bown RH, Walker SOR Frost 1.6. Wegner #5. Hill Foot SUBCOMMITTEE ON NUCLEAR POWER (SC RW. Barnes, Chase V. Kostaey FM: lessen, Vier Cie DF tanger CA Sanna, Secretary W. C.LaRocrelle WN. Boter KOA Mano! BLN Bresson EA. Mayhew PR Cole W.N. Melon Common bh DK Mono® RP. Deubler 0.0. Oyamada BA filer KF Reedy 6. Tester BB. Seon es. Hil 1-0. Stevenson CL Hosfnann KR Wichmaa CE Kim Y.H.Choy, Delegate Honorary Members (SC Il) RJ. Bosnak F.K. Diahos: (8 thonch A Mos WD. Daty CL PeperSubgroup on Containment Systems for Spent Fuel and High-Level Waste Transport Packagings (SC 11) GM Foster, Chair A.B, Meichler G.I. Solovey, vice Chair RE Nickell D.K. Morton, Seeretry EL. Peine W.H. Borer 7, Saegusa GR. Cannel HP. Shrivastnna EL Fartow NM Simpson Rs Him RH. Sith D.W. Lewis J.D. Stevenson CG. May J, Temas PE McConnell P.Turula LD. Melones A.D, Watkins Subgroup on Design (SC RP, Doubler, Choir D.F. Landers RS il, Vice Chair KA Manoly ALN. Nguyen, Secretary RJ Masterson TOM. Adams WN Metean MLN, Bresler 1G. Minichiello €.W. Bruny M4. Morishita DL Caldwell FF Nagub LR Cole T. Nakamura RE, Corman, fe W.Z. Nowak A.A. Dermenjian EL. Pens P. Hirschberg 1 Saito RL fever G.C.Slagis RB. Keating 1D. Stevenson. 1 Kielb J.P. Tucker 1H. Kobayashi KR. Wichman Working Group on Supports (SG-D) (SC I) R. |. Masterson, Chair 1. Seto FL Bich, Secretary 1 Stinson US. Bandyopadhyay T.G, Teryah RP. Deubler D.V. Walehe W. P. Golin: Ca. Wo ALN. Nguyen Working Group on Core Support Structures (SC-D) (SC 1M) LF. Kiel, Chair 17 Land LF. Mullooly Working Group on Design Methodology (SG-D) KB. Keating, Chow DF. Landers PLL, Anderson, Secrerany W. 5. Lapay TM. Adams Hi Locke MOK AU-Yang HF. McCabe R.D. Blevins P.R Olwn DL. Caldwell 1D Stevenson MM Hartman 3 Yang HE Kobayashi Working Group on Design of Division 3 Containenents (66-D) (scm) EL. Pleins, Chaie DK Maran TM Adams RE Nickell G. Bjorkman HEB Shrecastana D.W. Lewis Ch Temas 1D. Meinnes PT 1. Minichiello ‘Working Group on Piping SG-D) (SC 10) Hibben, Chair DF. Landers RC Fung Soereury LF Mecahe TM, Adams 1G. minchielle Basar AN. Nguyen 1 Catalano 0.0. Ovamda 1K Cole RO Patel RI, Guechl E.G. Redabaugh RW Hop Bus. sike 1 Ravsahans GC. Slows RB Resting EA was V.Kessatev cL wa ‘Working Group on Peobabil 6G-D) SC RS. Hill IM, Chae S Dx Ts Adams ‘A. MeNeil Asayama PJ, O'Regan Bot ayn NA. al TA ha Vata AA, Deamenyian ME. Schmit MR. Graybeal FP. Tecker DO Hears RM. Wilson Fo Imo Working Group on Pumps iSG-D) (SC Mh &, Comman. HD. tye hae 1. W. Leavin 1.6 Livingston AA Fraser 1. kajan A. iguehs 1. G, Washburn GK Tones Working Group on Valves 66-0) «SC I) LF Toker, Ch 1.0. Page RR Beal S.N. shields GA kaly HR. Sondorgger W. N. Biles 1G Tscoveames TA. MeAtanon KG. Waal Working Group on Vessels ‘$6-D) SC MD) FoF Naguto. Chair A Kalnins GK. Mille, Secretar RB Keating © W.Bruny K. Matsunag 6. Cowper DE Mathes MM Hatzman 14, Nakahira WJ Moher ROM Wilson ‘Special Working Group on Enviconmental Effects (SG-D) (SC Ht) Ww. 7 Nowak, Chow RS sit Yo ch Subgroup on General Requizements (SC Ill & SC 3C) WE Lakeshelle, Cha RD. stile A Lame, Secret SK Atoick 4 Nyleton 8. Scot LK Hove WK. sharma Wo toi whe ie I‘Subgroup on Materials, Fabrication, and Examination (SC Mt) CL. Hoffmann, Chaie H. sturakami GP. Malley, Secretary M. Nakahira WH. Bom G.. Pleper © M Dork NM. Siepson GM Foster W. J. Speke. B. Geonpew 8. Stinson R Mt lessee KB Stuckey ©.C. kim A.D. Watkin Ma. Law 5. Yukawa Subgroup on Pressure Relief (SC I) S.F Hamson, je, Chair £.M, Petrosky AL, Szeglin D.G.Thbauk Subgroup on Strategy and Management {SC tt, Divisions 1 and 2) Ww. Barnes, Chait MF Messheimer IR Cole, Secretary B.S. Hil 5. Bobo Ev. Imbro N. Broom RM. fessee BA. frlor RF Reedy CoM Faidy Y. Urabe aa, Heimey Special Working Group on Editing and Review (SC RF. Reel. Chair RP. Deubler W. H. Borer B.A. frler MN, Breser WC. LaRochelle D.L Caldwell J.D. Stevenson Subgroup on Graphite Core Components (SC I) TD Buechell Chair ©, Getineaw CA. Sanna, Secretary MLN Mitchell RL Bratton NN Nemeth MW. Davies T.Okw SW. Doms IM. Srinivasan SF. Duty JOINT ACLASME COMMITTEE ON ‘CONCRETE COMPONENTS FOR NUCLEAR SERVICE 6C 30) TC Inman, Chair |. Gutierez A.C Eberhart, Vice Chair |. K Harri CA Sanna, Secretary MF. Hessheimer IN Alcnaar TE Jobson T.D. AbShawat NeH tee LF arto B.B. Scot HG. Ashar R. EShewmaker JF. Stevenson BLA. Erler ALY. C, Wong F faream T Watton, Lision Member SUBCOMMITTEE ON HEATING BOILERS (SC IV) PA. Molvie, Chair KM. Metague S.V_ Voorhees, Vice Chair 8 W Moore G. Moino, Secretary EA Nordstrom TL Bedeaue TM Parks D.C. Bixby LL. Seigle 6. Byoog, RV. Wielgoszinei J. Callan FP. Barton, Honorary I. P. Chine Member CM. Dowe RB, Duggan, Honorery WoL Haag. Member [eA ball RH, Weigel, Honorary 1. Holy Member D5 Jenkins J. Woodwonh, Honorary WD. Lemos Member Subgroup on Care and Operation of Heating Boers (SC 1V) SV. Voorhees, Chair KM. Metague TA Bedeaun PLA. Mole KL Hoey Subgroup on Cast ion Boilers (SC 1V) KM. Metague, Chair PA Larkin TL, Bedeoux W.D. Lemos Le. CP meQuiggan ra Subgroup on Materials (SC 1V) P.A.Lathin, Chair W.D. Lemos Paral JL Sele Subgroup on Water Heaters (SC IV) W.L. Haag, Jr Chair KM. MeTague J.Calland F. Schreiner 1D Gant M.A Taylor W, D. Lemos TE Teant Subgroup on Welded Boilers (SC 1V) TL Bedeau, Chair EA. Nordsvorn J. Galland 14 Seale CM. Dove RV. Wielgoszinshi WD. temos SUBCOMMITTEE ON NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION (SC E Batey. Chair 1D. R, Quattlebaur 1 FB. Kovacs, Vice Chair F J. Sater S. Vasquez, Secretary 8.1 Clark, Ie, Monerary SJ niin Member JE Aycock H.C. Graber, Honarary AS. Birks ‘Member P-L. Brown ©. Hedéen, Honorary IN ¥. Faranss0 ember AF, Gatbaleveky JR. Mackay, Honorary G.W. Hembree ‘Member RW Kraze TG. MeCany, Honcrary 1 F Manning Member BD, McGuirePersonnel Qualifications and Inquiies (SC V1 RD. McGuire, Chair G.W. Hembree LE Batey JW. Hout AS. Birks JR. Mackay NY. Faransso 1P Sweny. I Subgroup on Surface Examination Methods (SC V) A'S. Birks, Chair RW. Kruzic 5.1 Akrin DR. Quatlebaum, Ir P-L. Brown Fe. Sattler N.Y. Faransso ML Wheel GW, Hembree Subgroup on Volumetric Methods (SC V) GW. Hembree, Chait RW. Hardy S.J. Akin RA Kellerhall JE. Aycock FB. Kovacs LE Batey RW. Kruzic Ps, Brown 1 Manning, NY. Faransso FLL Sattler AF. Garbolevsky Working Group on Acoustic Emissions (SG-VM) (SC V7 1 Batey IF Manning IN. ¥. Faansso, Chair 1. Aycock ‘Working Group on Radiography (SG-VM) (SC V) FB. Kovacs, Chair AF. Garbolevsky 5. Akin RW. Hardy JE Aycock GW. Hembree JE Batey RW. Kruzic PL Brown TL Phase. N.Y. Faransso Working Group on Ultrasonics (SG-VM) (SCV) RW. Kruic, Chair RA Kellechall LE Aycock LF panning N.Y. Faransso M.D. Moles (0. F. Hedden Fy Satter SUBCOMMITTEE ON PRESSURE VESSELS (SC Vill 1. P. Pastor, Chae CC. Newly K Mokhtar, Vice Ohvir DT. Peters 5.) Ross, Secretary M1 Pischke R.| Basle MD. Rana J. Cameron G.B. Raves J 1.8, Demichael S.C Rohers| 1. P. Glaspie C.D. Rorery Ma. Gold 1. Schneider W. 5. lacabs A Sel2 G.G Karcher PR Sims ie KT wu EA Steen 1S tee KK Tam R Mahadeen E Ups 5. Malone EL. Thomas, fe, Honorary RW. Mikitka Meniber UR. Miller Subgroup on Design SC Vil) U.R Miller, Chr TP. Pastor RE Knoblock, Secretary M.D Rana ©. A. Barsky GB. Rawls. fe RI. Basile S.C. Roberts MR. Breaeh CO Rodery FL Brown ASer FR Farr S.C Shah 1. Glaspie 1. Sowins C. Hinant CH. Sturgeon W.$ Jacobs DLA. Swanson MO. Lower KK Tam RW. Mika EL thomas, Ie K Mokhtavian RA Whipple ‘Subgroup on Fabrication and Inspection (SC Vil) C.D. Rodery, Chae €.D.tamb E A. Steen, Vice Chair 1S. Lee [eb Aral B.R, Morelock LF Campbell MLL Pasche HE. Gordon ML Rice W.$.lacobs BF shelley DI. Kee 1 P.Swerye Ie ‘Subgroup on General Requirements (SC Vit S.C. Roberts, Chair AS. Otivares 1.8 Demichael, Secrety FL. Richter. R J Basile KI. Scheider LP. Glaspie DB. Stewart KT Las DA. Swanson, M.D. Lower KK Tam CC. Neely Subgroup on Heat Transfer Equipment (SC VII) R Mahadeen, Chair B I. Loveh G. Aucioles, Secretary S. Mayeux SR, Babla, UR tiler Ht Barbee TW. Nomton ©.A. Barsky F Osweillee 1G. Campbell RI. Stastay M.D. Clark 5. Yokel 1.1. Gordon RP. Zoldah MI) Holz SM. Caldwell, Honorary FE Jew Member Subgroup on High-Pressure Vessels (SC VII) 1.8. Sins le, Chair JA. Rapp 5. Vasquez, Secretary J. Kekices LP Analy DP. Kendall RC Bie! ALK, share DI. Burns 4D. Man PN Chak S.C. Moet RD. Don G1 sv MAE Dupre EH owe Ds Fryer BT. Pwers W Hille £0. Rall AH. Honza FW. Tala MM. James Tense PanssonSubgroup on Materials (SC VIN |. Cameron. Chane WM, Lundy LE Btorgenega. Secretary ——£, G. Nisbet D.C. Agarwal B.W, Rao JF Grub R. Sutneria FL. Hibnee Epis 4 catcher Special Working Group on Graphite Pressure Equipment (se vi 5. Mala, Char MR. Minick U. DU, Secretary E Solow FL Brown, AA. Stupica Special Working Group on High-Pressure Vessels (SC VIM) S. Vasquez, Secretary Task Group on iespubively Loaded Vessels (SC VII RE. Nickel, Chaie 1.6, Dida GA Anaki TA, Dass D.D. Barker R Forgan RC Fie BL Hacolden DW. Bexeman HLL Heaton 0. L Caldwell EA. Rowrigver AM. Clayton 1.8 Sis, SUBCOMMITTEE ON WELDING (SC 1X1 J.C. Felesoin, Chair RD. MeGuite Wh. Spesko, Vice Char 8. R, New J.D. Wendie, Sectetary AS. Olives D.A. Bowers 4 Pacha RK Brown, Ie S.D. Reynolds, Je ML. Carpenter Md Rice LP. Connor MB. Sims PD. Flenne G.W. Spot I Jest Given, I MJ. Stanko 1S tee P-L Van Fosson W. Mt Lundy RR. Young Subgroup on Brazing (SC MA Pischbe, Chair EW, Beckman CF Campbell ML. Carpenter AF. Garbolewsiy C.F Jeerings| JP. Swery, Ie Subgroup on General Requirements (SC 1X) 8. Newmark, Chair HB. Porter PR Evans PL Seuill RM. Jesse KR willens AS. Olivares Subgroup on Materials (SC 1X) 1 Compemter Chair Tmt 1 avate 5.0, Reynolds, I IM, Beenasek CE Sanz LP Connor W. 1 Sperko. RM, lessee MUI. Starke C0 kim RR Young Subgroup on Performance Qualification (SC 10 DA. Bowers, Chair KL Hayes vA Bull Slee LP Conn WM. Lundy RB. Coit RD. Meu PR fare MB. Sims PD. Fleaner G.W, Spohn Mt Subgroup on Procedure Qualifial D.A Bowers, Char MB sins MJ, Bice, Seretary W. | Spero Mt Hernseoe S.A. Spragor Fk feown, Ie IP. swezy, AS. Olivares P-L. Wan Foseon D. Reyooles 1. Wiesner Honorary Member ‘SC 1X) 1W.K. Seategoad SUBCOMMITTEE ON FIBER. REINFORCED PLASTIC PRESSURE VESSELS (SC ¥) ©. Esher, Chair 1.6 Murptiy P.. Conlck, Vice Choir D. |. Painter 5. Vasquez, Secretary Di. Pinel FL Brown G. Ramzez J. Basie 1. Richter 1. WW. Cowley 1A Rokton TL). Fowler B.F Shelley D-H. dghinson FW. Van Nome LE Mune D.O. Yancey. Ir DL. Keeler POH. Zieh BM. Linnemann SUBCOMMITTEE ON [NUCLEAR INSERVICE INSPECTION ($C Xt 6. Paik, Chai W. E. Nowe RUW. Swayne, Vice Chair ——_K. Rhyne RL Crane, Secretary W. R Rogers I WH. Banord, J DLA Scanh RC. Cipolla 1 Schaar DO. Davie J.C. Spann, RL Dye LE Safina EL Faw GL Stevens RE Gime EW. Throckmorton tt FE Gregor DE Waskey K. agave RA West D.O Hear Ch Wire RD. Ket C5. Withers D. Kalat RA Yonekawa GL. Lager KK Yoon .W. Lamond Yuba 1. Lindberg Y.-S. Chang, Delegate 8. R. NewtonExecutive Committee ($C XI) RW. Swayne, Chair 0. Hexkien G.C. Path, Vice Chair ©. G. MeCargar RU Crane, Secretary W. E Noms W. H. Bamford, Ie K Rhyne D.D. Baws FJ Schaat, Ie RL. Dyke 1G. Spanner, J RE Gimple E,W. Throckmorton FE Gregor RA Yonokana Honorary Members (SC XI) Li. chockie 1. P. Hout €.D, Comter LR Kate ©. F Heder PC. Riccardella Subgroup on Evaluation Standards (SC XI) W. H. Bamford, I, Chair. Koya G.L Stevens, Secretary DR Lee RC. Cipolla HS. Mehta 5. Cofin 1G Merkle G.H.De Boo S. Ranganath BR Gana DLA Scart TJ. Griesbach KOR Wichman K. Hasegawa KK Yoon D.N. Hopkins Y.-S. Chang, Delegate Y. Imamura Working Group on Flaw Evaluation (SC-£5) (SC XI) RC. Cipolla, Char 1.G. Meikle G.H. De Boo, Secretary MOA Mitchel W. H. Bamford, I K. Miyazaki M. Basol Rk Qashy 1.1. Bloom 5. Ranganath| 8. R Canta P| Rush TJ. Grisbach DLA Scath HL Gustin 1.5, Schurman FD. Hayes WoL Server PH, Hoang, FA Simonen D.N. Hopkins KR Wichman Y. Imamura Gm wihows K. Koyama KK. Yoon DR tee 8. Yukawa HS. Mehta WA, Zilberstin Working Group on Operating Plant Criteria (SGES) (SC XD) TJ. Greshach, Chair KR Baker W. H, Bam H. Behnke EA Sieg B.A. Bishop FA Simonen TL Dickson Ga Stevens 5.8. Goselin Db, Weakland SN. Malik Kok Yona HS. Ment ‘Working Group on Pipe Faw Evaluation (SG-£S) (SC XI) DLA. Searth, Chair K. Hasegawa GM. Wilkowski, Secretry PH Hoang TA Bacon D.IN, Hopkins WH. Bamtord fc Kashima RC. Cipolla HS. Mehta N.G. Coie K vazak SK Daftuar 1.5. Panesar GH. De Boo) PI. Rush f. Friedman KK. Yoon BR Gana VA Zilbesstein LF Goyette Subgroup on Liquid-Metal-Cooled Systems (SC x1) .G, McCargo, Chaie WoL Chace Subgroup on Nondestructive Examination (SC XI) 1.€. Spanacr. Ie, Chair 1.0, Henry GA, Lthas, Sceetany M8, Hum NR Bentley CL. apleder TA. Chan 17. Lindberg CB, Cheeze GR Pesos DR Cordes AS. Reed F. | Dodd FJ. Schaat F-€ Dohme C1 Wire ME. Gushard ‘Working Group on Personnel Qualification and Surface, Visual and Edéy Current Examination (SG-NDB) (SC XI) DR Gordes, Secretary ©. Quatlebaum, I BL, Com AS. Reed IN Farenbaueh D. Spake CB. Geargiev 1. Spanner, fe 1.0. Henry CL Wire 11. trader Working Group on Pressure Testing SG-WCS) (SC x0) D.W. Lamond, Chair KE tall JM. Boxhown, Secretary JK. McClanahan 1. Churchwell A-Meseil GL Feciter BL Momgomers KW. tal FL Susan Working Group on Procedure Qualification and Volumetric Examination (SG-NDE) (SC XD ME Gathard, Chair kel erhal G.R.Porhine. Secretary D. Kuteh C8 Cheer CL Lagtedor A.D, Claxkie GA tomas SR Dace Cr shaver F Doail S Asia FE Does Rov Senin BL Maker‘Subgroup on Repat/Replacement Activities (SC-RRANSC Xb) BA Yooolases, Chive RD. Kerr Fv Fane Ie. Secetary 5.L MeCracken SB Brn BR Newton RF. Cantll Let Oativan PD. Eker WLR, Rogers I 1B Great RR. Stevenson KF Gimple RW. Suayne D., Graham DE Waskey RA. Hoemann 1G. Weeks Lv iho CS. Withers ‘Working Group on Design and Programs (SG-RRA) (SC X1) EB Geach, Chair .R. Graham Sh Rrensn, Seoeary GF Harta AW. Des Bouchet FR. Stevenson 1G Heer KW, Saayne EV. Forel AH, Tao SR Faber TP. Vassalla, I Ext Ganber R.A. Yonekass Working Group on Welding and Special Repair Process (SG-RRA) SCXD) DE Waskey, Chair RO. Keer RC Cantrell Seeretary CE Kim So) Tila Mle P,Fiher 8. MeCracken KN Gans B®. Newton ML Ta LE O'Sullivan KA Hesmunn 1G. Weicks RP inves KR Willens| Svbgroup on Water-Cooled Systems (SC XD 1W. throckmrtn Ih, Chait $.D. Kult DW. Laniond A. MeNeil I xt sagan WoT, Norris bb bas ©. Song HQ bo 1 Stalera LD. li HAN Stephens EL Farww KB Thomas Moh esis R.A. West 01, Heddle GE Whiman Mo Heveona HLL. Graves Il, Aternae ‘Working Group on Containment (SG-WCS) (SC x1) 1. € Statins, Chair HT Milk HL Achar RD. Hough 8G. Brown CN. Krishnaswamy KK. Chao. D.Raus RC. Cam S.C. Penitgnut TW Crider HLM. Stephens CL Fes W.E Nomis, Almate HL Graves Working Group on 1S| Optimization (SG-WCS) (SC XD 1A. Siegel, Chair AH, Mahindrakar D.R Cores, Secretary D.G. Nawjeck KL, Turner, Secretary KB. Thomas WHE Baro, GL Whitman 1M, Boagman, Y. vagacki KF al ‘Working Group on Implementation of {SG.WCS) (SC XI) ased Examination Kw. Hal D.W. Lamond PM agold 1. Lindberg SAAb RK Matty BA. Bishop P| O'Regan 5. T, Cheswurth NA. Palm ©. Cacti Fulgueroso MA. Pyne HO bo FA Simaren R. Fagen RA West MLR. Glaybeal 1c. Younger Vrak ALT Keim, Alert Working Group on inspection of Systems and Components (SG-WCS) (SC x1) KB. Thomas, Chair S.D. Kult B. Song. Secretary DG, Naupak VU Armentut T. Nomura Go Belew CM Ros C. CuetoFelguerese KL Tuer H.Q.be RA. West R.Fenugerousse GF Whitin SUR Bim Working, Group on General Requirements (SC XI) K. Rhyne, Chae Fc fatene F Malone, Secretary RK Mama TL Chan S& Seont J.D.Ells C5. Withers Special Working Group on Editing and Review (SC x1) RW. Swayne, Chav 1b Stators E.Mayer C1 wine Special Working Group on Plant Life Extension (SC Xt} TA. Meyer, Chair Pol Kua 1. ¥. Burges, Secretary RL Turner 0.0. Diss GG. Young Fe Geer Special Working Group on High-Temperature, Gas Cooled Reactors (SC Xb). |. Fetches, Choe 8.1 Kruse M.A Lockwood, Secretay M,N. Michell Bloom FL Schaai KN. Fleming RW. Swayne W.A.O keel ‘SUBCOMMITTEE ON TRANSPORT TANKS (SC XIN) A. Selr, Chair GcRae Plano, Secretary MLR Minish PD Stump. Secrotny MD Pho ALN. Antoniou M.D. Rana © Bech S. Staiszesi ML Coats 8 Toth MA Gast AP. Margene CH Hochman CG Karcher Sv. Woorhees‘Subgroup on Design and Materials SC M0. Rana, Chair TA, Rogers G.G. Karcher AP. Varghese SL Mewitlams MR. Ward NJ. Paulick EA. White M.D. Pham Subgroup on Fabrication and Inspection (SC Xt) 5. V. Voorhees, Chait DJ ket 1A. Byers G. Wee BL, Gehl MR Minick LD, Holsinger A'S. Olnares Subgroup on General Requirements (SC XM) CH. Hochman, Chair M.A. Garett TW. Alexander KL Gilmore DM. Alloriten JL Rademacher CA. ene T. Rummel LF. Cannon MR Toth TL Fei Wolpert W. L. Garfield SUBCOMMITTEE ON BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL ACCREDITATION (SC-8PVA) W. C, LaRochelle, Chat M.A. Daves, Altrnate P.D. Edwards, Vice Chair CE Ford, Alternate K 1 Baron, Secretary TE Hansen, Aternane M.B. Dohery G.L. Halinger. Aerate P. Hacklord .F Jenkins, Alternate KTtaw 8B. B, MacDonald, Alternat LE McDonald RD Mile, Aernate KM MeTague G.P. Milley, Atornate BR. Morelack TW. Norton, Alternate LD. H.R Sach, Alone De [LA West, Alternate Bc RV, Wielgoseings, Atemnate De ©. E Trapp. Senior Consutanr EA Whittle ALI. Spencer, Honorary G. Bynog, Alternate Member ‘SUBCOMMITTEE ON NUCLEAR ACCREDITATION (SC-NA) RR Stevenson, Chir D.€ Tanne W.C. LaRochelle, Vice Chair 0. M. Viekery |. Pang, Secreary G: Bynog Alternate M,N. Beesler C. Dail. Alternate 5.M. Goodin PD, Edwards, Alternate KA. Huber LW. Highlands, Alternate M. Kotb KM. Hole, Alternate 1c. Keane BG Kovarik. Alera CA. Lizote PF. Prescot Alternat RP. Meine Toledo, alte MR Minick EA Whitle, Alternate HB Prasse RV. Wielgosrinsh, Aten TE Quaka HLL Wiper, Ant AT. Robes (OL. Trapp, Senor Cons SUBCOMMITTEE ON DESIGN (SC-D) RJ Basil, Char DP Jones RW. Bases RW. Mikko MR. Breach UR. Mller . . Deubler W. |. ODonnell G.G. Graven RD. Schaser i GL Hollinger A. Sez RL eter ‘Subgroup on Design Analysis (SCD) 6.1, Hollinger, Cha K. Metsunaga S.A Adame GA Mallee MR Breach WD. Reinhardt RG. Bronn D-H, Rosy RI. Gurda G.Samnazza00 CF Metering EG. Seip CE. Hionant D.A. Swanson Pr Favschberg C.Taxacher DP ones EL “hams A. Kallis RA Whinple WI. Koves Subgroup on Elevated Temperature Design ($C:D) RA ener, Chair TE MeGreexy T. Asayama KA. Moore Becht Iv Wf O'Donnell LF Cervenka B.A, Osage DS rin 1.5 Founsshs BF. Manta 8 Riu MH. Jawad TL sham WL Kaves S. Majumdar RW. Swindeman Dot Marco ‘Subgroup on Fatigue Strength (SC-D) W. |. ODonnell, Choir 8. P.tores SA Adams G.Khatshatjan PR Donasia Majumdar 8 J. Guns T Nasamuta C.F. Heberingt DH Roary P. Hrachberg G Tacicher Pew HH Ziad ‘Subgroup on Openings (SC-D) MR Broach, Choir 1. toler RW. Mikitks, Stent 1X, Palmer 6.G Graven 1A. Meter VT Hwang SD Kan 1c. tight E.R RB. Lunes Special Working Group on Bolted Flanged Joints (C-D) RW. Miike, Chie J. Rayne ©. Bibel PG. Schvekermne HA, Bouzid RW. Schneier A Chaadount RD Schiele i 1 stiches A SS Pan MaSUBCOMMITTEE ON SAFETY VALVE REQUIREMENTS (SC-SVR) SF Hartson, Je, Chair J.P. Glaspie I-A West, Vice Chair H. 1, Gregg, S.J. Ross, Secretary Ww Fat LF. Balt CA. Neumann S. Cammeresi TM. Parke A Con D.K. Parish R.. Danzy _ sallan D.B. Demichael J. ©. Standtast, R. |. Doelling 2. Wang Subgroup on Design (SC.SVR) 1A West, Chair HLL Gregg CE Bear D aaller RD. Daney 7. Patel R.. Doelling TR Tarhay Subgroup on General Requirements (SC-5VR) D.B. Demichael, Chair TM. Paks IF gal, DK. Paresh ©. Bracler JW. Ramsey |.P. Claspie JW. Richardson CA. Neumann 1.C. Sanda ‘Subgroup on Testing (SC-SVR) A. Cox, Chair WF Han [-E Boi KG. Roth S. Camere DiI Scallan ©.D Goodson 2. Wang US. Technical Advisory Group ISO/TC 185, Safety Relit Valves T 1 Bevilacqua, Chair YS. Lai 3.1. Ros, Seeretoy Daler SF. Havrison, In 1A. WestINTRODUCTION purpose of these recommended guidelines isto pro- smote safety in the use of power boilers, These guidelines are intended for use by those directly responsible for operating. maintaining. and inspecting power boilers With respect to the application of these guidelines, a power boiler isa pressure vessel constructed in compliance With Section I in which steam is generated for use external to the boiler at a pressure exceeding 15 psig (11M kPa) due to the application of heat. This heat may be derived trom the combustion of fuel (solids, liquids, oF gases) froms the hot waste gases of other chemical reactions, or from the pplication of electrical energy. The term power boiler in this Section includes stationary. portable, and traction \ypes. but does not include locomotive and high tempera ture water boilers (Section 1), nuclear power plant boilers {Section IHD, heating beilers (Section IV). miniature boilers {Section I), pressure vessels (Section VII), oF marine boilers, “These guidelines apply to the boiler proper and to pipe connections up to and including the valve or Valves as required by the Code. Superheaters, reheaters, eeonomiz rs, OF other pressure parts connected directly to the boiler without intervening valves should be considered as pat of the boiler. Guidelines are also provided for operation of suxiliary equipment and appliances that affect the sate and reliable operation of power boilers. Provious editions of these guidelines covered the full Inge of power boilers fram small capacity, low pressure, xd low temperature t once-through wnits. Specific refer fences to the once-thio fe been deleted. E xlustrial-type boilers because of sis has been placed on their extensive use, ‘The difficulty in formulating a set of guidelines that may be applied co all sites and types of plants is recognized: therefore, it may be advisable to depart from them in spe~ cific cases, Manufacturer's operating instructions should always be adhered to, Other recommended procedures such as National Fire Protection Association's Codes covering prevention of furnace explosions are suggested for addi tional guidance, DESCRIPTION OF GUIDELINES Cl Funclamentals — a general description of boiler fur damentals including steam generation, combustion. tand types of boilers a ce ro) Boiler Operation — guidelines for routine boiler ‘operation ineluding startup, normal operation, and shutclown, as well as operator training for safe and reliable operation Boiler Ausiliaries — guidelines for normal and emer xzency operation of fuel handling equipment. boiler feedpumps. fans, and other su) used in the operation of boilers. Emphasis is placed ‘on operating the auiliaries to avoid an unsafe condi- tion in the boilers. Appurtenances — operating guidelines and deserip- tions for frequently used boiler appurtenances such as safety valves, safety relief valves, pressure gages, feedwater regulator valves, blowdewn systems, and soot blowers Instrumentation. Contrats, and biterlocks — brief description of recommended instrumentation for monitoring boiler status, controls fer boiler opera tion, and interlocks to prevent unsafe conditions. Inspection — guidelines for inspection of boilers censure that the boiler is capable ot sare and reliable ‘operation, These guidelines apply only to those wha tre responsible for the inspection and operation of boiler plants and must not he considered as applying to the state, municipal. oF insurance com inspectors. Consideration should be given to the importance of continual inspection 2s comaned with periodic inspection, These guidelines are not intended to define or limit the extent of inspection by the Authorized Inspector. Repairs, Alterations, and Maintenance — guidelines for making boiler repairs and alterations: recom: led routine maintenance progrurms th improve boiler availability and keep power boilers in a safe ‘operating condition Control of Internal Chemical Conditions — guide lines address internal cleanin corrosion, steam contamination, water chemistry. and fire side conditions Preventing Boiler Fallures — guidelines for opera tion of protective equipment and precautions to pre= vent causes of boiler failures, such as overpressure, ‘weakening of structure, explosions, and implosions:SUMMARY OF CHANGES ‘The 2007 Fdltion ofthis Code contains revisions in addition tothe 2004 Edition with 2005 and 2006 Addenda, The cevisions are identified with the designation 07 in the margin and, as described in the Foreword, become mandatory six months after the publication date of the 2007 Edition, To invoke these revisions before their mandatory date, use the designation “2007 Edition” in documentation required by this Cod, If you choose not to invoke these revisions before their mandatory date, use the designation “2004 Editon through the 2006 Adklendla” in documentation requited by this Cade, No revisions are contained in Section Vit of this Elton,2007 SECTION V1 SUBSECTION C1 FUNDAMENTALS 100 STEAM GENERATION The primary function of a boiler is to generate steam, This is done by applying heat to the water in the boiler. This ean be done electrically or by buming fuel ina furnace. allowing the heat of combustion to be conducted through the metal to the water, In the electric boiler. steum is generated by resistance heaters immersed in the boiler water or by passing current between electrodes immersed in the boiler water. The resistance heater method is typically used by small capacity heating boilers operating at low pressures. The electrode method is used with capacities exceeding 100,000 Ib/hr (45.000 kyhhr) and pressures up t0 125 psig {900 KPa. In the iuel buming method, the heat generated by the busning of fuel is conducted through the metal of the boiler ‘or boiler tubes 10 the water on the other side, 1.200 BOILER TYPI ‘There are three basic types of boilers: firetube, watertube, and electric. al 10 FIRETUBE BOILERS In the firetube boiler, gases of combustion pass through the inside of the tubes with water surrounding the outside of the tubes. The advantages of a firetube boiler are its simple construction and less rigid water treatment require- ments, The disadvantages are the excessive weight per pound of steam generated, excessive time required t0 raise steam pressure because of the relatively large volume of ‘water, and the inability of the firetube boiler to respond quickly to load changes, again due to the large water vol- tume, These boilers are commonly used for small capacity low pressure applications in industrial process pints ‘Steam capacity ranges up to 200,000 Ib/hr (90 000 kb) and design pressures usually fall below 1,000 psig (7 MPs), Circulation in a firetube boiler is established when steam bubbles are formed on the outside of the tubes and break away fiom the hot metal to rise to the surface. Water replaces these bubbles and circulation begins 1.220 WATERTUBE BOILERS In the watertube boiler. the water is inside the tubes and gases of combustion pass around the outside of the tubes The advantages of a watertube boiler are a Tower unit weight per pound of steam generated, less time required to raise steam pressure, a greater flexibility for responding to lead changes, and a greater ability to operate at high rates of steam generation, (This is duc tothe better circulation of Water that carries heat away from the heating surfaces.) ‘Steam bubbles that are lighter than the water are Formed inside the tubes. Breaking away from the hot metal. they rise to the surface, This is the same principle as in the firetube boiler. except that the tubes in a watertube boiler provide a path that accommodates this natural tendency The natural circulation of water through a watertube boiler depends solely on the difference in weight of the steam and water mixture in the generating oF bested tubes, compared 10 the weight of water in the downcomers, As the water is heated in the generating tubes. steam bubbles, ste formed and the heated mixture of steam amd water rises the weight of the denser water in the downcomers forces, the heated mixture up the tubes, establishi ation ‘To ensure that this circulation continues wnimp ire. itis essential that the required level of water be maintained in the steam drum at all times. Inoperation. the function ofthe steam drum is o sepatute the steam from the mixture of water and steara entering the drum (see Figs, C1.2-1 and C1.2-2), A considerable variety of drum internals (baffles, moisture separators, screens, dryers) may be used to aid this separation. In a file-type drurm (Fig. C1.2-3a) the deflection baile directs the water to the downcomers as free from steam bubbles as possible. Screens separate the moisture from the steam befove the steam leaves the drum. Incoming feedwater, which is usually below boiling tem- perature, is directed ta the downcamers to prevent carrying any steam bubbles inte the downcomers. which would reduce the head available to maintain naturale reulation, ‘The steam drum also contains a comlinuous blowdown pipe that can reduce the total of dissolved and suspended solids im the water by replacing the water blown down ‘removed with feedwater containing fewer impurities. The term total solids is used to describe the sum of dissolved2007 SECTION FIG. C1.2-1 SIMPLE STEAM DRUM (Courtesy of Combustion Engineering, Inc.) Steam ‘Steam bubbles Worer FIG. C122 STEAM DRUM WITH TUBES (Courtesy of Combustion Engineering, Inc.) Sveam and Paar ter mixture water Unheated Water ‘and suspended solids. High concentrations of dissolved solids are objectionable because they are a cause of fo ing. Suspended solids can create deposits on the boiler tube surfaces that insulate the tube metal from the cooling effect of the circulating water and cause overheating. Deposits can also build up to the extent that they impede circulation. Steam drums may contain mechanical separators, such as cyclone separators shown in Fig. C1.2-36. In this design the cyclone separators provide the first stage of st water separation with additional separation achieved by serubbers (screens) before the steam leaves the drum, €1.230 ELECTRIC BOILERS Electric boilers have a lot in common wath fired boilers Both require elose attention to water ireatment for success ful operation, They need deaerated soit wate lowdown is necessary to keep the solids concent within the Manufacturer's revommended limits for goo! performance, Safely valves protect agwinst overpressure Steam generation and, therefore indivectly, pressure are controlled by varying power input Electric boilers that use electric resistance heating oils immersed in water are very lowe eapatcity boilers and will not be addressed further Boiler water Eleetrode-type boilers generate saturated steam by con: ducting current through the water itself. Boiler water con ductivity must be monitored and controlled. If the conductivity is to low, the boiler will not reach full operating capacity. When the conductivity is too high, ‘overcurrent protection will shut off the power. High boiler water solids may eause foaming and shorts to ground. It may be necessary 10 inerexse Blowdown or add antifoam agents (o control foaming. Very pure water vsill Limit steam ourpur and vill require addition of add Lives to inerease the boiler water conductivity. The operator is advised to consul the boiler manufacturer and 8 Water treatment consultant for specitie adview Solids from the saturated steam tend to accumulate slowly on the insulators support les feom the ‘grounded shell. The unit must be shut down periodically So the insulators ean be washed off 1 prevent arc High voltages up 0 16.000 V may be used, Protect is needed for ground faults, overcurrent, and, for three phase systems, lass of phase The main electrical discon- rect switch must be locked out before performing mainte- nance on the boiler, he elec C1300 PACKAGE BOILERS Small sized power boilers can be completely assembled {in the boiler manufacturer's shop. including burners, fans, controls, sootblowers, etc. These boilers are shipped to the operating site by barge, rail. or exer the road vehicles. Thoy aire called package esters and can be designed 10 ‘operate at high pressures and capstcities, Operating pres. sures of 1.000 psig (? MPa and capacities at 300.000 Ib far 1 140.000 kgfher and steams temperatures of 950°F (510°C) can be achieved C1400 FIELD-ASSEMBLED BOILERS Boilers that are too large to ship completely assembled must be field erected, Some are expuble of producing up te several million pounds per hour of steam superheated to LIGO-F (595°C), Natural circulation boilers may be led Tor pressures up co about 2.900 psig (20 MPa. Boilers that use a pump 1 contol circulation may be sl lor even higher pressures. Because these “Forced circulation” boilers do not rely on density ditferences 0 establish and maintain circulation, they muy even be designed iil pressures esceeding the critical pressure, 3.208 pia (22 MPab, C1500 COMBUSTION Tine three reguiren sand beat, The most vomman fete used huilers ae cua2007 SECTION Vit FIG. C1232 STEAM DRUM INTERNALS (Courtesy e* Combustion Engineering, {n Final stage soreens Detection battle FIG. C1.2-36 STEAM DRUM INTERNALS — DOUBLE-ROW ARRANGEMENT, CYCLONE SEPARATOR TYPE (Courtesy of Babcock & Wilcox) oil, and gas. The basic combustible elements in these fuels are hydrogen and carbon, (Oxygen is needed to support combustion. [nthe corbus- tion process, a chemical reaction takes place between the ‘oxygen in the air and the fuel. Nitrogen and other gases in air are not needed to sustain the reaetion, but do carry SAFFLE TYPE Primary sereens Feedwater pipe ™~ continuous Blowdown piping ‘away the heat of combustion, In some eases, the nitrogen in the air tas well as nitrogen in the fucl} may reset with ‘oxygen to form NOx compounds, often limited by environ mental re Hieat is required t bring the fuel up to its kindling of ignition temperature, Theve is x specific kindling tempera tute for every combustible substance, A fuel will not start ‘or continue to burn unless this temperature is reached: once ‘ignited, the fuel will continue to burn as suppl es its own hheat, provided enough oxygen is available to ccntinue the exetion, ‘The ignition temperature of coal is affected by the gas. ous constituents being distilled off and the fixed carbon 5m the coal. The temperature produced dluring the normal vombustion process ranges from 2,500°F (1 400°C} to 3,000°F (1 600°C), far in excess of the ignition tempera- ture, Air most come in contact with the combustibles in the coal for combustion to continue, The more surface urea exposed 10 the air, the faster the burning. The combustion process ean be improved by crushing or grindirg the coal into small particles. and by creating turbulence with the air supplied for combustion. Ax witlt coal, the more surface of oil exposed to air, the Taster the burning, The combustion process ean be improved by atomizing the oil into a very fine mist and by creating turbulence with the air supplied for combustion, Heavy fuel oil must be heated to bring it down t the proper viscosity for efficient atomization, Fuel con be atom zed either mechanically with the high pressure drop across the oil gun tip or hy using steam or aie w create a shearing action. lations.2007 SECTION V Each component in natural gas has its own ignition temperature but that of the mixture is about #,200°F (650°C), The temperature produced during normal com- bbustion of natural gas is between 2,500°F (1 400°C) and 3,000°F (| 600°C), the same as that of coal. Air must come in contact with the gas for combustion to proceed. Certain mixtures of gas and air become very explosive. Mixtures, of natural gas and air containing less than 4.0% or more than 15% of gas by volume will not explode or burn, 1.600 BOIL The efficiency of a boiler is dependent on how much of the heating value of the fuel is lost, as either sensible heat ‘or by incomplete combustion. Sensible heat loss in the dry stack gases is by far the largest loss. An oversupply of excess air (over and above that required for complete com- bustion of the fuel) will increase this heat loxs and also tends to cool the boiler, The amount of excess air ean be determined by measuring the amount of oxy} Mack gases. This loss should he minimized by not supply 12 more excess air than required, Moisture is the next largest cause of heat loss, Moisture in the fuel becomes superheated steam when the fuel burns. ‘and this steam i lost up the stack. The hydrogen content ‘ofthe fuel combines with oxygen, forming additional water as superheated steam, The humidity of the air is another addition of moisture to the farnace and also causes a loss in efficiency Incomplete combustion can be caused by poor mixing of fuel and air or lack of Suficient air supply to the fuel as itis being bumed, When carbon is only pantlly oxidized, carbon monoxide gas is formed. Incomplete combustion therefore can be detected by the measurement of carbon monoxide in the stack gas, Incomplete combustion of fuel represents a serious loss and can be minimized by using and a suitable means of mixing the tel and air, 1 iy impossible to buen all the carbon out oF coal, but the amount remaining in the ash eat be held to a minimom bby controlling the factors thal contribute to good com- bastion sufficient ai