Linear Algebra, Numeircal and Complex Analysis (MA11004)

Department of Mathematics
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Tutorial Sheet 7, Spring 2024

Topics: Newton–Raphson, Finite Differences, Interpolation, Newton’s Forward and Backward

Differences and related Interpolation Formulas.

1. Let f (x) = −x4 + x2 + A, where A is a real constant. The Newton-Raphson method

produces sequence of approximations {xn } such that x1 = −x0 , x2 = x0 , x3 = −x0 , . . . ,
if x0 = 31 is the initial guess. Then find the value of A.
2. Consider the function
f (x) = x5 − x3 + 2x2 − 1 = 0.
Approximate the root near 1, correct upto 8 decimal places using the Newton-Raphson
method.
3. Write iteration equation to approximate the positive square root of a number √
N by the
Newton-Raphson Method. Hence find first and second approximate value of 2 using
initial approximation equals to 1.5.
4. Perform the first four iterations of the Newton-Raphson method with x0 = 0.8 to the
equation
f (x) = x3 − x2 − x + 1 = 0.

5. Prove that  
∆f (x)
∆ log f (x) = log 1 + ,
f (x)
where ∆ is the forward difference operator.
6. For linear interpolation, in case of equispaced tabular data, show that the error does not
exceed 1/8th of the second difference.
7. Consider the following tabular values:

x 0 1 2 3
f (x) 1 0 7 28

Find the interpolating polynomial using

(i) Newton’s Forward Interpolation Formula.
(ii) Newton’s Backward Interpolation Formula.
8. From the following table find the number of students who obtained less than 45 marks :

Marks No. of students

30-40 31
40-50 42
50-60 51
60-70 35
70-80 31

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 9. The population of a town in West Bengal was as given below :

Year: 1891 1901 1911 1921 1931

Population (in thousands): 46 66 81 93 101

Estimate the population of the year 1925.

10. The values of the function f (x) = sin x are given below for different values of x. Find the
value of sin 32◦ .

x 30◦ 35◦ 40◦ 45◦ 50◦

f(x) 0.5000 0.5736 0.6428 0.7071 0.7660

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