CHAPTER 4: Indices, Surds and Logarithms

Indeks, Surd dan Logaritma

PBD 4.1 Laws of Indices Textbook: pp. 90 – 95

Hukum Indeks
A. Simplify each of the following.
Permudahkan setiap yang berikut. LS4.1.1 PL1

NOTES
(a) 2p4 × 3p7 ÷ p6 (b) (2m3n5)6 (6x5y)2 × xy4 Laws of indices:
(e)
= 2 × 3 × p4 + 7 – 6 = 26 × m3 × 6 × n5 × 6 9x3y7 Hukum indeks:
= 6p5 = 64m18n30 36x10y2 × xy4 • am × an = am + n
= • am ÷ an = am – n
9x3y7
(c) 7h × (2h ) ÷ 4h
2 5 3 20 (d) (6a4b)2 ÷ (3ab2)3 10 + 1 – 3 2 + 4 – 7 • (am)n = amn
= 36a8b2 ÷ 27a3b6 = 4x y
= 7h2 × 8h15 ÷ 4h20 8 –1 • (ab)m = ambm
= 14h2 + 15 – 20 = 4x y
= 36 a8 – 3b2 – 6
m m

= 14h–3 27 = 4x
8 •  ba   
= am
b
5 y
= 143 = 4a4
h 3b

1. h4 × h8 × h3 2. m11 ÷ m4 ÷ m 3. 5k6 × 7k9 ÷ k8

= h4 + 8 + 3 = m11 – 4 – 1 = 5 × 7 × k6 + 9 – 8
= h15 = m6 = 35k7

4. a4b2 × a3b7 5. (5p6q2)3 6. (2r8s3)5

= a4 + 3b2 + 7 = 53p6 × 3q2 × 3 = 25r8 × 5s3 × 5
= a7b9 = 125p18q6 = 32r40s15

7. (4n5)3 ÷ 6n12 × n2 8. (3xy4)2 × (2x5y)3 9. h k ×3 (hk

2 5 4
)
= 64n15 ÷ 6n12 × n2 = 9x2y8 × 8x15y3 hk 10
64 15 – 12 + 2 = 72x2 + 15y8 + 3 h2k × h4k20
= n =
6 = 72x17y11 h3k10
32 =h 2 + 4 – 3 1 + 20 – 10
k
= n5
3 = h3k11

2(p2q3)5 × 10p4q
10. (3mn ) ×3 8m 12. (b13c 9× b c12 )
5 4 5 8 6 4 2 7 3
n 11.
12m n 2
p7 × (5q4)2 b c ×b c
81m4n20 × 8m5n8 2p10q15 × 10p4q (b8c11)3
= = =
12m3n2 p7 × 25q8 b25c10
81 × 8 4 + 5 – 3 20 + 8 – 2 20p14q16 b24c33
= m n = = 25 10
12 25p7q8 b c
= 54m6n26 = b24 – 25c33 – 10
20
= p14 – 7q16 – 8 = b–1c23
25
4 c23
= p7q8 =
5 b

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 B. Simplify each of the following.
Permudahkan setiap yang berikut. LS4.1.1 PL2

x
+ 3x + 1 = (22 × 3)x × 3x + 1
(a) 12 2x (b) 5n – 2(5n + 1) + 5n + 2
2 –3 22x – 3 = 5n – 2(5n)(51) + (5n)(52) am + n = am × an
n n n
= 2 × 32x –×33
2x x x+1 = 5 – 10(5 ) + 25(5 )
(ab)m = ambm Factorise. 5n is the
2 = 5n(1 – 10 + 25) common factor.
= 22x – (2x – 3) × 3x + (x + 1) = 5n(16) Faktorkan. 5n ialah
= 23 × 32x + 1 = 16(5n) faktor sepunya.

= 8(32x + 1)

1. 45 2x×–25
x x (32 × 5)x × (52)x 24y (23 × 3)y
= 2. = 3y – 1
3 1 32x – 1 3y – 1
42 × 9y + 0.5 (2 )2 2
× (32)y + 0.5
3 ×5 ×5
2x x 2x
= 23y × 3y
32x – 1 = 3y – 2
=3 2x – (2x – 1)
× 5x + 2x 2 × 32y + 1
=3 ×5
1 3x =2 3y – (3y – 2)
× 3y – (2y + 1)
= 3(53x) =2 ×3
2 –y – 1

4
= y+1
3

3. 6n + 6n + 1 + 6n + 2 4. 2n + 7(2n + 1) – 2n + 3
= 6n + (6n)(61) + (6n)(62) = 2n + 7(2n)(21) – (2n)(23)
= 6n + 6(6n) + 36(6n) = 2n + 14(2n) – 8(2n)
= 6n(1 + 6 + 36) = 2n(1 + 14 – 8)
= 6n(43) = 2n(7)
= 43(6n) = 7(2n)
1 2x

5. 8n × 4n + 2 = (23n) 2 × (22)n + 2 6. 9 x+1

–3 2x + 1
+ 27 3

20.5n + 1 20.5n + 1 2x
3n = 9x(9) – 32x(3) + (33) 3
2 2
× 22n + 4 = 9x(9) – 9x(3) + 32x
= 0.5n + 1
2 = 9x(9) – 9x(3) + 9x
3 n + (2n + 4) – (0.5n + 1) = 9x(9 – 3 + 1)
2
=2 = 7(9x)
= 23n + 3

C. Solve the following problem.

Selesaikan masalah berikut. LS4.1.2 PL3 PL4
1. The number of residents in Taman Aman is given by y = anx + 500, where a and n are constants, and
x is the time in years after Taman Aman is developed. Given the number of residents in the 3rd year
and the 5th year are 1 040 and 5 360 respectively. Find the values of a and n.
Bilangan penduduk di Taman Aman diberi oleh y = anx + 500, dengan keadaan a dan n ialah pemalar, dan x ialah masa
dalam tahun selepas Taman Aman dibangunkan. Diberi bilangan penduduk pada tahun ke-3 dan tahun ke-5 masing-
masing ialah 1 040 orang dan 5 360 orang. Cari nilai a dan nilai n.
When/Apabila x = 3, y = 1 040. an5 4 860 Substitute n = 3 into ➀.
➁ ÷ ➀: =
3
1 040 = an + 500 an2 540 Gantikan n = 3 ke dalam ➀.
an3 = 540 …… ➀ n2 = 9 a(3)3 = 540
n=3 27a = 540
When/Apabila x = 5, y = 5 360.
a = 20
5 360 = an5 + 500
an5 = 4 860 …… ➁

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 PBD 4.2 Laws of Surds Textbook: pp. 96 – 108
Hukum Surd
A. Determine whether each of the following is a rational number or an irrational number.
Tentukan sama ada setiap yang berikut ialah nombor nisbah atau nombor tak nisbah. LS4.2.1 PL1

1. 0.888… 2. 0.19
7 8 19
0.888… = 0.19 =
7 = 2.64575… 9 100
Thus, 0.888… is a rational
7 cannot be written in the Thus, 0.19 is a rational number.
number.
p Maka, 0.19 ialah nombor nisbah.
ratio form, . Thus, 7 is Maka, 0.888… ialah nombor
q
nisbah.
an irrational number.
7 tidak dapat ditulis dalam
p 3. π 4. e
bentuk nisbah, . Maka, 7
q π = 3.14159… e = 2.71828…
ialah nombor tak nisbah. π cannot be written in the ratio
p e cannot be written in the ratio
form, . Thus, π is an irrational p
NOTES q form, . Thus, e is an irrational
number. q
A rational number can be
p π tidak dapat ditulis dalam number.
written in the ratio form, . p e tidak dapat ditulis dalam bentuk
q
bentuk nisbah, . Maka, π ialah p
Nombor nisbah dapat ditulis q nisbah, . Maka, e ialah nombor
p
dalam bentuk nisbah, . nombor tak nisbah. q
q tak nisbah.

B. Write each of the following as a single surd.

Tulis setiap yang berikut sebagai surd tunggal. LS4.2.2 PL1
NOTES
1. 5 × 2 2. 24 ÷ 8 3. 3 ÷ 15
6 × 7 = 5×2
Laws of surds:
= 24 = 3 Hukum surd:
= 6×7 = 10 8 15 • a × b = ab
= 3
= 42 = 1 • a ÷ b = a
15 b

C. Simplify each of the following.

Permudahkan setiap yang berikut. LS4.2.3 TP2

1. 5 63 = 5 9 × 7 2. 3 20 + 7 20 = 10 20
48 = 16 × 3 =5 9 × 7 = 10 4 × 5
= 16 × 3 = 5(3) × 7 = 10 4 × 5
=4 3 = 15 7 = 10(2) × 5
= 20 5

3. 50 – 18 4. 72 + 3 × 6 5. 147 = 147
= 25 × 2 – 9 × 2 = 4 × 18 + 3 × 6 7 49
= 25 × 2 – 9 × 2 =2 18 + 18 = 147
=5 2 –3 2 =3 18 49
=2 2 =3 9×2 = 3
=3 9 × 2
=9 2

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 D. Simplify each of the following.
Permudahkan setiap yang berikut. LS4.2.4 PL3 PL4

4 4 6
1. = ×
8 8 10 6 6 6
= ×
10 10 10 =
4 6
8 10 6
= 2 6
10 a × a =a =
3
4 10
=
5

15 15 7 – 2 2 2 5+ 3
2. = × 3. = ×
7 + 2 7 + 2 7 – 2 5– 3 5– 3 5+ 3
15( 7 – 2 ) 2(5 + 3 )
= =
5 52 – 3
= 3( 7 – 2 ) 2(5 + 3 )
=
25 – 3
2(5 + 3 )
=
22
5+ 3
=
11

4. 7 12 = 7 12 × 3 + 14 5. 2 6 + 9 2
3 – 14 3 – 14 3 + 14 9 6 +3 2
7 4 × 3( 3 + 14) 2 6 +9 2 9 6 –3 2
= = ×
3 – 142 9 6 +3 2 9 6 –3 2
7(2)( 3 )( 3 + 14) (2 6 )(9 6 ) – (2 6 )(3 2 ) +
=
3 – 196 (9 2 )(9 6 ) – (9 2 )(3 2 )
14( 3 )( 3 + 14) =
= 81(6) – 9(2)
–193 18(6) – 6 12 + 81 12 – 27(2)
14( 3 )( 3 ) + 14( 3 )(14) =
= 486 – 18
–193 108 + 75 12 – 54
42 – 196( 3 ) =
= 468
–193 54 + 75 12 9 + 25 3
= =
468 78

6. 3 22 – 11 6 7. x3
4 22 + 2 6 3 3x – 5 x
3 22 – 11 6 4 22 – 2 6
= × = x3 ×
3 3x + 5 x
4 22 + 2 6 4 22 – 2 6 3 3x – 5 x 3 3x + 5 x
12(22) – 6( 22 × 6) – 44( 6 × 22) + 22(6)
= 3 (3
3x + 5 x )
16(22) – 4(6) = x
9(3x) – 25(x)
264 – 6 132 – 44 132 + 132
=
328 3 3x4 + 5 x4
=
396 – 50 132 27x – 25x
=
328 3 3 x2 + 5x2
396 – 50 4 × 33 =
= 2x
328
3 3 +5
396 – 50(2) 33 = x
= 2
328
99 – 25 33
=
82

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 E. Solve each of the following problems.
Selesaikan setiap masalah berikut. LS4.2.5 PL4 PL5

1. Solve the equation: 2. Solve the equation:

Selesaikan persamaan: Selesaikan persamaan:

6 – 5x + 2x = 0 x–5 x +6=0

6 – 5x + 2x = 0 Let/Katakan y = x .
6 – 5x = –2x x–5 x +6=0
6 – 5x = (–2x)2 y2 – 5y + 6 = 0
6 – 5x = 4x2 (y – 2)(y – 3) = 0
2
4x + 5x – 6 = 0 y – 2 = 0 or/atau y–3=0
(4x – 3)(x + 2) = 0 y=2 y=3
4x – 3 = 0 or/atau x + 2 = 0
3 x = –2 Thus/Maka,
x= x = 2 or/atau x =3
4
x=4 x=9

3. The diagram shows a triangle. 4. The diagram shows a rectangle ABCD.

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sebuah segi tiga. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan segi empat tepat ABCD.
D C
–
(√2 – 1) cm

– – A – B
(√3 + √2) cm (k + m√2) cm

The area of the triangle is 10 cm2. Find the Given the area of the rectangle is (6 – 8 ) cm2.
height of the triangle. Find the values of k and m.
Luas segi tiga itu ialah 10 cm2. Cari tinggi segi tiga itu. Diberi luas segi empat tepat itu ialah (6 – 8 ) cm2. Cari
nilai k dan nilai m.
Let the height of the triangle = h cm.
Katakan tinggi segi tiga = h cm. Area/Luas
AB =
BC
1 6– 8
( 3 + 2 )h = 10 =
2 2 –1
2 10
h= 6– 8 2 +1
3 + 2 = ×
2 – 1 2 +1
2 10 3 – 2
= × 6 2 + 6 – 16 – 8
3 + 2 3 – 2 =
2–1
2 30 – 2 20
= 6 2 +6–4– 4×2
3–2 =
1
2 30 – 2 4×5
= =6 2 +2–2 2
1
=2+4 2
= 2 30 – 4 5
∴ k = 2 and/dan m = 4.
Height of the triangle
Tinggi segi tiga
= (2 30 – 4 5 ) cm

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 PBD 4.3 Laws of Logarithms Textbook: pp. 109 – 121
Hukum Logaritma
A. Express each of the following in the logarithmic form.
Ungkapkan setiap yang berikut dalam bentuk logaritma. LS4.3.1 PL1

1. 243 = 35 2. 11 = 1210.5 3. 1 = 5–3

1 296 = 64 125
log6 1 296 = 4 log3 243 = 5 log121 11 = 0.5 1
log5 = –3
125
TIPS
Index 4. P = 7x 5. x9 = y 6. 8n = 5
Indeks
N = ax ⇔ loga N = x
log7 P = x logx y = 9 log8 5 = n
Base
Asas

B. Express each of the following in the index form.

Ungkapkan setiap yang berikut dalam bentuk indeks. LS4.3.1 PL1

1. log5 625 = 4 2. log7 49 = 2 3. log3 1 = –5

243
log2 128 = 7 Logarithmic
form 1
625 = 54 49 = 72 = 3–5
Bentuk 243
128 = 27 logaritma
loga y = x 4. logx 8 = 3 5. p = log4 k
Index form 6. 0.2 = loga 7
Bentuk indeks
y = ax 8 = x3 k = 4p 7 = a0.2

C. Find the value of each of the following.

Cari nilai bagi setiap yang berikut. LS4.3.1 PL1

1. log10 28.5 2. log10 3 3. log6 216

(a) log10 7.4 4
= 0.8692 = 1.455 = –0.1249 = log6 63
=3
Press/Tekan:
log 7 · 4 =

(b) log2 64 4. log2 0.25 5. log13 1 6. logm 1

= log2 26 1
loga an = n = log2 =0 =0
=6 4
= log2 2–2
(c) log5 1 loga 1 = 0 = –2
=0

D. Simplify each of the following.

Permudahkan setiap yang berikut. LS4.3.2 PL1

NOTES
log10 pq = log10 p + log10 q 1. log3 m = log3 m – log3 9 Laws of logarithms:
9
Hukum logaritma:
• loga xy = loga x + loga y
2. logx y4 = 4 logx y 3. loga 6 + loga x = loga 6x • loga x = loga x – loga y
y
• loga xm = m loga x

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 E. Simplify each of the following.
Permudahkan setiap yang berikut. LS4.3.3 PL2 PL3

(a) loga 7 + 3 loga 10 – loga 200 (b) logm m9 + logn 13 – log8 64

n
= loga 7 + loga 103 – loga 200 = 9 logm m + logn n–3 – log8 82
= loga 7 × 10
3
= 9 logm m + (–3) logn n – 2 log8 8
200 =9–3–2
= loga 35 =4

1. 2 loga 18 + loga 14 – loga 63 2. loga 48 – 4 loga 6 + 3 loga 12

= loga 182 + loga 14 – loga 63 = loga 48 – loga 64 + loga 123
182 × 14 48 × 123
= loga = loga
63 64
= loga 72 = loga 64

3. 3 logx 15 – 2 logx 6 – 1 logx 125 4. 5 loga pq + 2 loga p – 3 loga q

3 = loga (pq)5 + loga p2 – loga q3
1
= logx 153 – logx 62 – logx (53) 3 p5q5 × p2
= loga
= logx 3 375 – logx 36 – logx 5 q3
5+2 5–3
3 375 = loga p q
= logx
36 × 5 = loga p7q2
75
= logx
4

5. 4 logm x6y2 –  3 logm x4y + 1 logm y7 6. 7 logx x2 – logy 3 y8 + log4 16

2 2 8
3 1
= (2)(7 logx x) – logy y 3 + log4 42
= logm (x6y2)4 – logm (x4y) – logm (y )
2 7 2
8
3 7 = 14 logx x – logy y + 2 log4 4
3
= logm x24y8 – logm x y – logm y
6 2 2
8
x24y8 = 14(1) – (1) + 2(1)
= logm 3 3
7
1
x6y 2 × y 2 = 13
3
8– 3 – 7
= logm x24 – 6y 2 2 = logm x18y3

F. Determine the value of each logarithm by changing the base to base 10.
Tentukan nilai bagi setiap logaritma dengan menukarkan asasnya kepada asas 10. LS4.3.4 PL1

NOTES
log10 5.7 Press: logc b
(a) log8 5.7 = ÷ 0.836987306 • loga b =
log10 8 Tekan: log 5 · 7 log 8 =
logc a
= 0.837 • loga b = 1
logb a
log10  7  Press:
7 10 Tekan: log ( 7 ab/c 10 ) ÷ log 3 =
(b) log3 =
10 log10 3 –0.324659525
= –0.325

10  
5
log 9 log10 0.62 log
1. log2 9 = log10 2 2. log7 0.62 = log 3. log12 5 = 3
10 10 7 3 log10 12
= 3.170 = –0.246 = 0.206

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 G. Solve each of the following equations.
Selesaikan setiap persamaan yang berikut. LS4.3.5 PL4

1. log2 5 + log2 (x – 2) = 1
log5 (4x + 7) – log5 3 = 2
log2 5 + log2 (x – 2) = 1
log5 (4x + 7) – log5 3 = 2 log2 5(x – 2) = 1
log5 4x + 7 = 2 loga x = log x – log y 5(x – 2) = 21
y a a
3 5x – 10 = 2
4x + 7 = 52 5x = 12
3 12
4x + 7 = 25 × 3 x=
5
4x + 7 = 75
4x = 68
x = 17

2. log4 (3x + 2 ) – 1 = log4 8 3. log3 (x – 1) + 2 = log3 (7x – 3)

log4 (3x + 2 ) – 1 = log4 8 log3 (x – 1) + 2 = log3 (7x – 3)

log4 (3x + 2) – log4 4 = log4 8 log3 (x – 1) + log3 32 = log3 (7x – 3)
log4 
3x + 2
4 
= log4 8 log3 (x – 1)(9) = log3 (7x – 3)
9x – 9 = 7x – 3
3x + 2 2x = 6
=8
4 x=3
3x + 2 = 32
3x = 30
x = 10

H. Given that log3 2 = x and log3 5 = y, express each of the following in terms of x and y.
Diberi bahawa log3 2 = x dan log3 5 = y, ungkapkan setiap yang berikut dalam sebutan x dan y. LS4.3.5 PL4 PL5

6
(a) log3 64 = log3 2 2 (b) log8 0.12 = log8 3
45 5×3 25
= log3 26 – (log3 5 + log3 32) log3 3
= 6 log3 2 – log3 5 – 2 log3 3 = 25 loga b =
logc b
log3 8 logc a
= 6x – y – 2
log3 3 – log3 25
=
log3 23
log3 3 – 2 log3 5
=
3 log3 2
1 – 2y
=
3x

1. log3 750 = log3 (2 × 3 × 53) 34

2. log3 81 = log3 3 2
= log3 2 + log3 3 + log3 53
200 2 ×5
= log3 2 + log3 3 + 3 log3 5 = log3 34 – (log3 23 + log3 52)
= x + 3y + 1 = 4 log3 3 – 3 log3 2 – 2 log3 5
= 4 – 3x – 2y

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 15 log 18
3. log3 3.75 = log3
4
4. log5 18 = log3 5
3
3×5 log3 (2 × 32)
= log3 2 =
2 log3 5
= log3 3 + log3 5 – log3 22 log3 2 + log3 32
=
= log3 3 + log3 5 – 2 log3 2 log3 5
= 1 + y – 2x x+2
=
y

1 log 0.8
5. log50 3 = log 50 6. log6 0.8 = log3 6
3 3

=
1
log3 (2 × 52)
log3  45 
=
1 log3 (2 × 3)
=
log3 2 + log3 52 log3 22 – log3 5
=
1 log3 2 + log3 3
=
log3 2 + 2 log3 5 2 log3 2 – log3 5
1 =
= log3 2 + log3 3
x + 2y 2x – y
=
x+1

I. Solve each of the following problems.

Selesaikan setiap masalah berikut. LS4.3.5 PL5 PL6

1. Solve the equation: 2. The relationship between the water temperature,

Selesaikan persamaan: T, and the volume of water, V, in a container is
log2 (4x – 7) + log8 x3 = 1 given by log5 T – log25 V = 1. Express T in terms
of V .
log2 (4x – 7) + log8 x3 = 1 Hubungan antara suhu air, T, dan isi padu air, V,
log2 (4x – 7) + 3 log8 x = 1 di dalam sebuah bekas diberi oleh log5 T – log25 V = 1.
log2 x Ungkapkan T dalam sebutan V.
log2 (4x – 7) + 3 
log2 8
=1
log5 T – log25 V = 1
log2 x
log2 (4x – 7) + 3  3
=1 log5 T –
log5 V
=1
log5 25
log2 (4x – 7) + log2 x = 1
log5 V
log2 (4x – 7)(x) = 1 log5 T – =1
4x2 – 7x = 21 2
2
4x – 7x – 2 = 0 2 log5 T – log5 V = 2
(4x + 1)(x – 2) = 0 log5 T 2 – log5 V = 2
1 T2
x = – or/atau x = 2 log5 =2
4 V
T2
= 52
V
T=5 V

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 PBD 4.4 Applications of Indices, Surds and Logarithms Textbook: pp. 122 – 123
Aplikasi Indeks, Surd dan Logaritma
Solve each of the following problems.
Selesaikan setiap masalah berikut. LS4.4.1 PL5 PL6

1. Solve the equation: 2. Solve the equation:

Digital Resourse

Selesaikan persamaan: Selesaikan persamaan:

x x x+1
7 =3 +3 5x + 3 5x – 10 = 0

7x = 3x + 3x + 1 5x + 3 5x – 10 = 0
7x = 3x + (3x)(31) ( 5x )2 + 3 5x – 10 = 0
7x = 3x(1 + 3)
Let/Katakan y = 5x .
7x = 4(3x)
log10 7x = log10 4(3x) y2 + 3y – 10 = 0
log10 7x = log10 4 + log10 3x (y – 2)(y + 5) = 0
x log10 7 = log10 4 + x log10 3 y = 2 or/atau y = –5
x log10 7 – x log10 3 = log10 4
x(log10 7 – log10 3) = log10 4 5x = 2 or/atau 5x = –5
5x = 4 (ignored/diabaikan)
log10 4
x= log10 5x = log10 4
log10 7 – log10 3
x log10 5 = log10 4
= 1.636
log10 4
x=
log10 5
= 0.861

3. Solve the equation: 4. Given that logy x + 9 logx y = 6, express y in terms

KBAT Selesaikan persamaan: of x.
3x Diberi bahawa logy x + 9 logx y = 6, ungkapkan y dalam
2 ln – ln (x + 1) = 2 sebutan x.
x
3x logy x + 9 logx y = 6
2 ln – ln (x + 1) = 2
x 9
logy x + =6
2 ln 3 x – ln (x + 1) = 2 logy x
ln (3 x )2 – ln (x + 1) = 2 Let/Katakan logy x = n.
ln 9x – ln (x + 1) = 2
9
9x n+ =6
ln =2 n
x+1
n2 + 9 = 6n
9x
= e2 2
n – 6n + 9 = 0
x+1
(n – 3)(n – 3) = 0
9x = e2x + e2
n=3
9x – e2x = e2
logy x = 3
x(9 – e2) = e2
x = y3
e2
x= y=3 x
9 – e2
= 4.5868

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 TOWARDS SPM PRACTICE PAPER 1

Answer all the questions.

Jawab semua soalan.
1. Given 5x = p, 52y = q and 5x + 2y = 25y – 2. Express 4. Given logx 3 = m and logx 4 = n, express log3 8x2
q in terms of p. in terms of m and n.
Diberi 5x = p, 52y = q dan 5x + 2y = 25y – 2. Ungkapkan q Diberi logx 3 = m dan logx 4 = n, ungkapkan log3 8x2 dalam
dalam sebutan p. sebutan m dan n.
[4] [5]
2 logx 8x2
5x + 2y = 25y – 2 log3 8x =
logx 3
(5x)(52y) = 52y – 2
logx 8 + logx x2
pq = q – 2 =
logx 3
q – pq = 2 3
q(1 – p) = 2 logx 4 2 + 2 logx x
2 =
q= logx 3
1–p 3
logx 4 + 2(1)
= 2 m
3
2. Given 1 – 20 + 45 = k 5 , where k is a constant. n+2
5 = 2 m
Find the value of k.
1
3n + 4
Diberi bahawa – 20 + 45 = k 5 , dengan keadaan =
2m
5
k ialah pemalar. Cari nilai k.
[4]

 
1 1 5 –
– 20 + 45 = 4×5+ 9×5
5 5 5 5. Simplify:
= 5 –2 5 +3 5 Permudahkan:
5
2– 3 + 8
 
1
= –2+3 5 2+ 3 12
5
6 [5]
= 5
5
∴k=
6
2– 3
2+ 3
+
8
=
2– 3 2– 3
12 2 + 3 2 – 3

+
8
4×3

5
4–4 3 +3 8
= +
4–3 2 3
49x + 1
3. Given that = 1, express y in terms of x. 7–4 3 4
343y – 2 =
1
+
49 x + 1 3
Diberi = 1, ungkapkan y dalam sebutan x.
343 y – 2 4 3
[4] =7–4 3 +
3
8
49x + 1 =7– 3
=1 3
343y – 2
(72)x + 1
=1
(73)y – 2
72x + 2 = 73y – 6
2x + 2 = 3y – 6
3y = 2x + 8
y = 2x + 8
3

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 6. Given 2x = 7y = 56z, express y in terms of x and z. 8. (a) Given logx N = k, state the conditions of x.
Diberi 2x = 7y = 56z, ungkapkan y dalam sebutan x dan z. Diberi logx N = k, nyatakan syarat-syarat bagi x.
[6] [1]
Let/Katakan k = 2x = 7y = 56z. 3
(b) Given log5 P = , express P in terms of Q.
Thus/Maka, logPQ 5
2x = k 7y = k 56z = k 3
1 1 1 Diberi log5 P = , ungkapkan P dalam sebutan Q.
x y z logPQ 5
2=k 7=k 56 = k
[3]
23 × 7 = 56 (a) x ⬎ 0, x ≠ 1
1 1 1
k x 3 × k y = k z 3
3 1
+
1 (b) log5 P =
x y z logPQ 5
k =k
log5 P = 3 log5 PQ
3 1 1
x
+ =
y z log5 P = log5 (PQ)3
1 1 3 P = P3Q3
= – 1
y z x P= 3
1 x – 3z Q
=
y xz
xz
y=
x – 3z
9. Given 2n + 2n = 8m, express n in terms of m.
Diberi 2n + 2n = 8m, ungkapkan n dalam sebutan m.
[4]
2n + 2n = 8m
2 2n = 23m
1+ n
2 = 23m
2

n
1 + = 3m
7. Solve the equation: 2
Selesaikan persamaan: n = 6m – 2
logx 1 372 – log x
2x = 1
[5]
logx 1 372 – log x 2x = 1
10. Solve the equation:
logx 2x Selesaikan persamaan:
logx 1 372 – =1
logx x 1 1
+ =4
logx 2x x+ 3 x– 3
logx 1 372 – =1
1 [5]
2 1 1
+ =4
logx 1 372 – 2 logx 2x = 1 x+ 3 x– 3
logx 1 372 – logx (2x)2 = 1 x– 3 +x+ 3
1 372 =4
logx =1 x2 – 3
4x2 2x
343 =4
= x1 x2 – 3
x2 2x = 4x2 – 12
x3 = 73 2
4x – 2x – 12 = 0
x=7 2x2 – x – 6 = 0
(2x + 3)(x – 2) = 0
3
x = – or/atau x = 2
2

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04 MAMD 2021 ADD MATHS TG4-CHP04(NM)-Zah 1P.indd 56 11/24/20 12:55 PM

 TOWARDS SPM PRACTICE PAPER 2

Answer all the questions.

Jawab semua soalan.
1. It is given that x = 3m and y = 3n. Express 2. (a) Given that 3 = 2h and 8 = 9k, find the value of
Diberi bahawa x = 3 dan y = 3 . Ungkapkan
m n
10hk.
m + 2n Diberi bahawa 3 = 2h dan 8 = 9k, cari nilai 10hk.
(a) 27 m in terms of x and y.
9 [3]
27m + 2n (b) Solve the equation:
dalam sebutan x dan y.
9m Selesaikan persamaan:
[3] 2x + 1 = 17 2x – 8
(b) log81 243x in terms of m and n. [5]
y2 (a) 8 = 9k
243x 23 = 32k
log81 dalam sebutan m dan n.
y2
23 = (2h)2k
[5] 23 = 22hk
27m + 2n (33)m + 2n 3 = 2hk
(a) =
9m (32)m 3
3 3m + 6n hk =
= 2
32m
=3 3m + 6n – 2m
10hk = 10  32 
= 3m + 6n
= (3m)(3n)6 = 15
= xy6
(b) 2x + 1 = 17 2x – 8
x x
243x 243(3 ) m (2 )(2) – 17 2 + 8 = 0
(b) log81 = log81
y2 (3n)2 Let/Katakan y = 2x .
243(3m)
log3 (y2)(2) – 17y + 8 = 0
32n
= 2y2 – 17y + 8 = 0
log3 81
1og3 243 + log3 3m – log3 32n (2y – 1)(y – 8) = 0
= 1
log3 34 y = or/atau y = 8
5
1og3 3 + m log3 3 – 2n log3 3 2
= x = 1
4 log3 3 2 or/atau 2x = 8
2
5 + m – 2n
= 1
4 2x = 2x = 64
4
2x = 2–2 2x = 26
x = –2 x=6

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