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J559. Let
2n2
an = 1 − √ , n = 1, 2, 3, ...
1 + 1 + 4n4
√ √ √
Prove that a1 + 2 a2 + · · · + 20 a20 is an integer.
J562. Let ABC be a triangle and let D, E, F be points on sides BC, CA, AB, respectively, suchthatAD, BE, CF
BD CE AF 1
are concurrent in X. Assume that the ratios , , are in the interval , 5 and that
DC EA F B 5
BD CE AF 31
+ + = . Evaluate
DC EA F B 5
AX BX CX
+ + .
XD XE XF
J564. Find all complex numbers z such that for each real number a and each positive integer n
S559. Let a1 , a2 , . . . , an be positive real numbers such that a1 + a2 + · · · + an ≤ n. Find the minimum of
1 1 1
+ + ··· + n.
a1 2a22 nan
S563. Let a, b, c be distinct positive real numbers. Prove that at least one of the numbers
1 2 1 2
2
1
a+ (1 − b4 ) ; b+ (1 − c4 ) ; c+ (1 − a4 )
a b c
is not equal to 4.
x3 + y 3 + z 3 + 3xyz 5
1 1 1
+ ≥ (xy + yz + zx) + + .
(x + y)2 (y + z)2 (z + x)2
P
cyc xy(x + y) 4
U559. Evaluate Z r
1
1 + dx
x
Fn+2 = Fn+1 + Fn , F0 = 0, F1 = 1.
Prove that
5
2Fn Fn+1 − 2Fn5 Fn+1 = Fn6 + Fn+1
6 2
− Fn+1 − Fn2 .
U562. Let ABCD be a square. Variable points P and Q are taken on sides AB and BC, respectively, such
that ∠P DQ = 45◦ . Find the locus of the orthocenter of triangle P DQ.
U563. Find all polynomials P (X) with real coefficients such that for all real numbers x,
4n
!
n+1
X k 4 + 3k 2 − 1
U564. Evaluate lim (−1) · sin arctan 4
n→+∞ k − k2 + 7
k=1
Proposed by Paolo Perfetti, Università degli studi di Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
O559. Let x, y, z be real numbers such that none of them lies in the interval (−1, 1) and
1 1 1
+ + + x + y + z = 0.
x y z
z
Find the minimum of .
x+y
O560. Prove that there are infinitely many triples (a, b, c) of integers for which ab + bc + ca = 1 and that for
each such triple (a2 + 1)(b2 + 1)(c2 + 1) is a perfect square.
a2 b2 c2 2
2 2
+ 2 2
+ 2 2
≤ (a2 + b2 + c2 ).
1 + cos B + cos C 1 + cos C + cos A 1 + cos A + cos B 3
O564. Let n ≥ 3 be an integer. For every sequence −1 = x1 < x2 < · · · < xn = 1 of real numbers and every
k = 1, 2, . . . , n we define
and denote
rn = maxx2 ,...,xn−1 mink Dk (x2 , . . . , xn−1 ).
Assume that rn is achieved at the sequence −1 = a1 < a2 < · · · < an = 1. Prove that