CHAPTER 5: Progressions

Janjang

PBD 5.1 Arithmetic Progressions (A.P.) Textbook: pp. 128 – 138

Janjang Aritmetik (J.A.)
Digital Resourse

A. Determine whether each of the following sequences is an arithmetic progression (A.P.).

Tentukan sama ada setiap jujukan berikut merupakan janjang aritmetik (J.A.). LS5.1.1 PL1

NOTES
(a) 5, 9, 13, … (b) (x + 2), (2x + 6), (4x + 10), … The difference between two
consecutive terms of an
d1 = 9 – 5 = 4 d1 = (2x + 6) – (x + 2) = x + 4 arithmetic progression (A.P.)
d2 = 13 – 9 = 4 d2 = (4x + 10) – (2x + 6) = 2x + 4 is a constant.
Beza antara sebarang dua
d1 = d2 d1 ≠ d2 sebutan berturutan bagi suatu
janjang aritmetik (J.A.) ialah
This sequence is an A.P. This sequence is not an A.P. satu pemalar.
Jujukan ini ialah J.A. Jujukan ini bukan J.A.

1. 2, 6, 12, … 2. 12, 4, –4, … 3. 1 xy, 2xy, 7 xy, …

2 2
d1 = 6 – 2 d1 = 4 – 12 1 3
d1 = 2xy – xy = xy
=4 = –8 2 2
d2 = 12 – 6 d2 = (–4) – 4 7 3
d2 = xy – 2xy = xy
=6 = –8 2 2
d1 ≠ d2 d1 = d2 d1 = d2
This sequence is not an A.P. This sequence is an A.P. This sequence is an A.P.
Jujukan ini bukan J.A. Jujukan ini ialah J.A. Jujukan ini ialah J.A.

B. Determine the common difference, d, of each of the following arithmetic progressions.

Tentukan beza sepunya, d, bagi setiap janjang aritmetik berikut. LS5.1.1 PL1

NOTES
(a) 8, 20, 32, … (b) 2.5, 1.0, –0.5, … The difference between
two consecutive terms of
a arithmetic progression
d1 = 20 – 8 d1 = 1.0 – 2.5 (A.P.) is called the common
= 12 = –1.5 difference, d.
d2 = 32 – 20 d2 = –0.5 – 1.0 Beza antara sebarang dua
sebutan berturutan bagi
= 12 = –1.5 suatu janjang aritmetik (J.A.)
dinamakan beza sepunya, d.
d = 12 d = –1.5

1. 2 1 , 6, 9 1 , … 2. 54, 45, 36, … 3. p + 4, 2(p + 3), 3p + 8, …

2 2
d1 = 45 – 54 d1 = 2(p + 3) – (p + 4)
1 1 = –9 =p+2
d1 = 6 – 2 =3
2 2 d2 = 36 – 45 d2 = 3p + 8 – 2(p + 3)
1 1 = –9 =p+2
d2 = 9 – 6 = 3
2 2
1 d = –9 d= p + 2
d= 3
2

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 C. Given the first term, a, and the common difference, d, list the first five terms of each A.P.
Diberi sebutan pertama, a, dan beza sepunya, d, senaraikan lima sebutan pertama bagi setiap J.A. LS5.1.1 PL1
NOTES
(a) a = –16, d = 5 (b) a = –8, d = –3 The arithmetic progression with the first
+5 +5 +5 +5 –3 –3 –3 –3 term, a and the common difference, d:
Janjang aritmetik dengan sebutan pertama,
–16 , –11 , –6 , –1 , 4, … –8 , –11 , –14 , –17 , –20, … a dan beza sepunya, d:
a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d, a + 4d, …

1. a = 2.5, d = 0.8 2. a = 47, d = –13 3. a = 2m + 7, d = m – 2

2.5, 3.3, 4.1, 4.9, 5.7, … 47, 34, 21, 8, –5, … 2m + 7, 3m + 5, 4m + 3,
5m + 1, 6m – 1, …

D. Find the values of x, y and z of each of the following arithmetic progressions.

Cari nilai-nilai x, y dan z bagi setiap janjang aritmetik berikut. LS5.1.1 PL2

(a) 4, 7, x, y, z, … (b) 12, x, 4, y, z, … (c) 11, x, y, z, 35, …

d=7–4=3 12 + 2d = 4 11 + 4d = 35
2d = –8 4d = 24
x = 7 + 3 = 10
d = –4 d=6
y = 10 + 3 = 13
z = 13 + 3 = 16 x = 12 + (–4) = 8 x = 11 + 6 = 17
y = 4 + (–4) = 0 y = 17 + 6 = 23
z = 0 + (–4) = –4 z = 23 + 6 = 29

1. 3, 5 1 , x, y, z, … 2. 52, x, 64, y, z, … 3. 12, x, y, z, 15.6, …

2
1 1 52 + 2d = 64 12 + 4d = 15.6
d=5 –3=2 2d = 12 4d = 3.6
2 2
1 1 d=6 d = 0.9
x=5 +2 =8
2 2 x = 52 + 6 = 58 x = 12 + 0.9 = 12.9
1 1 y = 64 + 6 = 70 y = 12.9 + 0.9 = 13.8
y = 8 + 2 = 10
2 2 z = 70 + 6 = 76 z = 13.8 + 0.9 = 14.7
1 1
z = 10 + 2 = 13
2 2

E. Given three consecutive terms of an arithmetic progression, find the value of y and the three terms of
the arithmetic progression. State the common difference, d, of the arithmetic progression.
Diberi tiga sebutan berturutan bagi suatu janjang aritmetik, cari nilai y dan tiga sebutan bagi janjang aritmetik itu. Nyatakan
beza sepunya, d, janjang aritmetik itu. LS5.1.1 PL3
NOTES
If x, y and z are three
(a) …, 12, y, 30, … (b) y – 6, 2y + 3, 4y – 1, … consecutive terms of an A.P.,
y – 12 = 30 – y (2y + 3) – (y – 6) = (4y – 1) – (2y + 3) then
Jika x, y dan z ialah tiga
2y = 42 y + 9 = 2y – 4 sebutan berturutan bagi suatu
y = 21 y = 13 J.A., maka
y–x=z–y
A.P./J.A.: …, 12, 21, 30, … A.P./J.A.: 7, 29, 51, … 2y = x + z
d=9 d = 22 y= x+z
2
y is the mean arithmetic of
x and z.
y ialah min aritmetik bagi x
dan z.

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 1. 2y, y – 15, 3y, … 2. 8, y, 26, …
(y – 15) – 2y = 3y – (y – 15) y – 8 = 26 – y
–y – 15 = 2y + 15 2y = 34
3y = –30 y = 17
y = –10 A.P./J.A.: 8, 17, 26, …
A.P./J.A.: –20, –25, –30, … d=9
d = –5

3. …, 12y – 10, 2y2, 8y – 15, … 4. …, 3y + 2k, 4y – k, 6y + k, …

2y2 – (12y – 10) = (8y – 15) – 2y2 (4y – k) – (3y + 2k) = (6y + k) – (4y – k)
2y2 – 12y + 10 = 8y – 15 – 2y2 4y – k – 3y – 2k = 6y + k – 4y + k
4y2 – 20y + 25 = 0 y – 3k = 2y + 2k
(2y – 5)2 = 0 y = –5k
5 A.P./J.A.: …, –13k, –21k, –29k, …
y=
2
25 d = –8k
A.P./J.A.: …, 20, , 5, …
2
1
d = –7
2

F. Find the T9, Tk and T2k terms of each of the following arithmetic progressions.
Cari sebutan T9, Tk dan T2k bagi setiap janjang aritmetik yang berikut. LS5.1.2 PL1

1. 4, 8, 12, …; T9, Tk, T2k 2. 16x2, 13x2, 10x2, …; T9, Tk, T2k
24, 18, 12, …; T9, Tk, T2k
a = 4, d = 8 – 4 = 4 a = 16x2, d = 13x2 – 16x2 = –3x2
a = 24, d = 18 – 24 = –6
T9 = 4 + (9 – 1)(4) T9 = 16x2 + (9 – 1)(–3x2)
T9 = 24 + (9 – 1)(–6) = 36 = –8x2
= –24 Tn = a + (n – 1)d
Tk = 4 + (k – 1)(4) Tk = 16x2 + (k – 1)(–3x2)
Tk = 24 + (k – 1)(–6) = 4k = (19 – 3k)x2
= 30 – 6k T2k = 4 + (2k – 1)(4) T2k = 16x2 + (2k – 1)(–3x2)
= 8k = (19 – 6k)x2
T2k = 24 + (2k – 1)(–6)
= 30 – 12k

G. Find the number of terms of each of the following arithmetic progressions.

Cari bilangan sebutan bagi setiap janjang aritmetik berikut. LS5.1.2 PL2

1. 54, 51, 48, …, 0 2. 6, 7 2 , 9 1 , …, 31

4, 11, 18, …, 88 3 3
a = 54, d = 51 – 54 = –3
a = 4, d = 11 – 4 = 7 a = 6, d = 7
2
–6=
5
Tn = 0 3 3
Tn = 88 54 + (n – 1)(–3) = 0
4 + (n – 1)(7) = 88 Tn = 31
54 – 3n + 3 = 0
4 + 7n – 7 = 88
7n = 91
3n = 57 6 + (n – 1) 冢 冣
5
3
= 31
n = 19
n = 13 (n – 1) 冢 冣
5
3
= 25
n – 1 = 15
n = 16

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 H. Given two terms of an arithmetic progression, find the first term, a, and the common difference, d.
Diberi dua sebutan bagi suatu janjang aritmetik, cari sebutan pertama, a, dan beza sepunya, d. LS5.1.2 PL3

1. T10 = 27, T15 = 39.5 2. T5 = –17, T11 = –65

T6 = 31, T9 = 46
T10 = a + 9d = 27 …… ➀ T5 = a + 4d = –17 …… ➀
T6 = a + 5d = 31 …… ➀ T15 = a + 14d = 39.5 …… ➁ T11 = a + 10d = –65 …… ➁
T9 = a + 8d = 46 …… ➁
➁ – ➀: 5d = 12.5 ➁ – ➀: 6d = –48
➁ – ➀: 3d = 15 d = 2.5 d = –8
d=5
Substitute d = 2.5 into ➀. Substitute d = –8 into ➀.
Substitute d = 5 into ➀. Gantikan d = 2.5 ke dalam ➀. Gantikan d = –8 ke dalam ➀.
Gantikan d = 5 ke dalam ➀.
a + 9(2.5) = 27 a + 4(–8) = –17
a + 5(5) = 31 a = 4.5 a = 15
a=6

I. Solve the following problems involving Tn of an arithmetic progression.

Selesaikan masalah berikut yang melibatkan Tn bagi suatu janjang aritmetik. LS5.1.2 PL4

1. –19, –13, –7, … 2. 82, 74, 66, …

(a) 9, 13.5, 18, …
Determine whether 127.5
is a term of the arithmetic
progression.
Tentukan sama ada 127.5 ialah
satu sebutan bagi janjang aritmetik
ini atau tidak.
a = 9, d = 13.5 – 9 = 4.5
9 + (n – 1)(4.5) = 127.5
4.5n = 123
n = 27.33
Since n is not a positive
integer, 127.5 is not a term of
the progression.
Oleh sebab n bukan satu integer
positif, maka 127.5 bukan satu
sebutan bagi janjang ini.
(b) 5, 12, 19, …
Determine the first term
which exceeds 250.
Tentukan sebutan pertama yang
melebihi 250.
a = 5, d = 12 – 5 = 7
Tn ⬎ 250
5 + (n – 1)(7) ⬎ 250
7n ⬎ 252
n ⬎ 36
The first term which exceeds
250 is T37.
Sebutan pertama yang melebihi
250 ialah T37.
T37 = 5 + 36(7)
= 257
Determine whether 83 is Determine whether –100
a term of the arithmetic is a term of the arithmetic
progression. progression.
Tentukan sama ada 83 ialah satu Tentukan sama ada –100 ialah
sebutan bagi janjang aritmetik ini satu sebutan bagi janjang aritmetik
atau tidak. ini atau tidak.
a = –19, a = 82, d = 74 – 82 = –8
d = (–13) – (–19) = 6 82 + (n – 1)(–8) = –100
–19 + (n – 1)(6) = 83 –8n = –190
6n = 108 n = 23.75
n = 18 Since n is not a positive integer,
83 is the 18th term of the –100 is not a term of the
progression. progression.
83 ialah sebutan ke-18 bagi Oleh sebab n bukan satu integer
janjang ini. positif, maka –100 bukan satu
sebutan bagi janjang ini.
3. 10, 24, 38, … 4. 172, 160, 148, …
Determine the first term Determine the first negative
which exceeds 400. term.
Tentukan sebutan pertama yang Tentukan sebutan negatif pertama.
melebihi 400.
a = 172, d = 160 – 172 = –12
a = 10, d = 24 – 10 = 14
Tn ⬍ 0
Tn ⬎ 400 172 + (n – 1)(–12) ⬍ 0
10 + (n – 1)(14) ⬎ 400 –12n ⬍ –184
14n ⬎ 404 n ⬎ 15.33
n ⬎ 28.86
The first negative term is T16.
The first term which exceeds 400 Sebutan negatif pertama ialah
is T29. T16.
Sebutan pertama yang melebihi
400 ialah T29. T16 = 172 + 15(–12)
= –8
T29 = 10 + 28(14)
= 402

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 J. Find the sum of the first n terms of each of the following arithmetic progressions.
Cari hasil tambah n sebutan pertama bagi setiap janjang aritmetik berikut. LS5.1.3 PL1

1. 8, 12, 16, …; n = 15 2. 28, 17, 6, …; n = 8

7, 10, 13, …; n = 12 a = 8, d = 12 – 8 = 4 a = 28, d = 17 – 28 = –11
a = 7, d = 10 – 7 = 3 15
S15 = [2(8) + (15 – 1)(4)]
8
S8 = [2(28) + (8 – 1)(–11)]
2 2
S12 = 12 [2(7) + (12 – 1)(3)] = 4(56 – 77)
2 15
= (16 + 56)
= 6[14 + 33] 2 = 4(–21)
= 282 = 540 = –84
S = n [2a + (n – 1)d]
n
2

K. Find the sum of the first n terms of each of the following arithmetic progressions.
Cari hasil tambah n sebutan pertama bagi setiap janjang aritmetik berikut. LS5.1.3 PL1

1. 1, 4, 7, …, 73 2. 8, 2, –4, …, –112
5, 12, 19, …, 89 Tn = 73 Tn = –112
Tn = 89 1 + (n – 1)(3) = 73 8 + (n – 1)(–6) = –112
5 + (n – 1)(7) = 89 3n = 75 –6n = –126
7n = 91 n = 25 n = 21
n = 13 25 21
S25 = (1 + 73) S21 = [8 + (–112)]
13 n 2 2
S13 = (5 + 89) Sn = 2 (T1 + Tn) = 925 = –1 092
2
= 611 Sn = n (a + l)
2

L. Find the sum of the stated consecutive terms in each of the following arithmetic progressions.
Cari hasil tambah sebutan berturutan yang ditetapkan bagi setiap janjang aritmetik berikut. LS5.1.3 PL2

1. –3, 5, 13, … 2. 10, 6, 2, …

3, 7, 11, … T6 + T7 + T8 + … + T13 T9 + T10 + … + T20
T8 + T9 + T10 + … + T15 = S13 – S5 = S20 – S8
= S15 – S7 =
13
[2(–3) + (13 – 1)(8)] =
20
[2(10) + (20 – 1)(–4)]
2 2
= 15 [2(3) + (15 – 1)(4)] 5 8
2 – [2(–3) + (5 – 1)(8)] – [2(10) + (8 – 1)(–4)]
2 2
– 7 [2(3) + (7 – 1)(4)] 13 5 20 8
2 = (90) – (26) = (–56) – (–8)
2 2 2 2
= (62) – 7 (30) = 360
15
= 520 = –528
2 2

M. Given Sn of an arithmetic progression, find the first term, a, and the common difference, d.
Diberi Sn bagi suatu janjang aritmetik, cari sebutan pertama, a, dan beza sepunya, d. LS5.1.3 PL2

1. Sn = n2 + 4n 2. Sn = 3n2 – n
Sn = 2n2 – 3n
S1 = T1 = 12 + 4(1) = 5 S1 = T1 = 3(1)2 – 1 = 2
S1 = T1 = 2(1)2 – 3(1) = –1 a=5 a=2
a = –1
S2 = T1 + T2 S2 = T1 + T2
S2 = T1 + T2 = 22 + 4(2) = 12 = 3(2)2 – 2 = 10
= 2(2)2 – 3(2) = 2
5 + T2 = 12 2 + T2 = 10
–1 + T2 = 2 T2 = 7 T2 = 8
T2 = 3
d = T2 – T1 = 7 – 5 = 2 d = T2 – T1 = 8 – 2 = 6
d = T2 – T1 = 3 – (–1) = 4

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 N. Given Sn of an arithmetic progression, find Tn.
Diberi Sn bagi suatu janjang aritmetik, cari Tn. LS5.1.3 PL2

1. Sn = n2 – 2n 2. Sn = 5n – n2
Sn = n2 + n
Tn = Sn – Sn – 1 Tn = Sn – Sn – 1
Tn = Sn – Sn – 1 = (n2 – 2n) – [(n – 1)2 – 2(n – 1)] = (5n – n2) – [5(n – 1) – (n – 1)2]
= (n2 + n) – [(n – 1)2 = n2 – 2n – (n2 – 2n + 1 – 2n + 2) = 5n – n2 – (5n – 5 – n2 + 2n – 1)
+ (n – 1)] = 2n – 3 = 6 – 2n
= n2 + n – (n2 – 2n + 1 + n – 1)
T12 = 2(12) – 3 T15 = 6 – 2(15)
= n2 + n – n2 + n = 21 = –24
= 2n
T9 = 2(9) = 18

O. Solve the following problems involving Sn of an arithmetic progression.

Selesaikan masalah berikut yang melibatkan Sn bagi suatu janjang aritmetik. LS5.1.3 PL4

The 15th term of an A.P. is 47 and the sum of the first 9 terms of the progression is 153. Find
Sebutan ke-15 bagi suatu J.A. ialah 47 dan hasil tambah 9 sebutan pertama janjang itu ialah 153. Cari
(a) the first term and the common difference of (b) the smallest value of nilai n such that Sn ⬎ 500.
the A.P. nilai n terkecil dengan keadaan Sn ⬎ 500.
sebutan pertama dan beza sepunya J.A. itu.
(a) T15 = 47 (b) Sn ⬎ 500
a + 14d = 47 …… ➀ n [2(5) + (n – 1)(3)] ⬎ 500
S9 = 153 2
9 (2a + 8d) = 153 3n2 + 7n – 1 000 ⬎ 0
2 –7 ± 72 – 4(3)(–1 000)
n⬎
9a + 36d = 153 …… ➁ 2(3)
➀ × 9: 9a + 126d = 423 …… ➂ ⬎ 17.13 or/atau –19.46
Since n is a positive integer, the smallest value
➂ – ➁: 90d = 270
of n is 18.
d=3 Oleh sebab n ialah integer positif, maka nilai n terkecil
From/Dari ➀ : a + 14(3) = 47 ialah 18.
a=5

1. The 10th term of an A.P. is –41 and the sum of the first 10 terms of the progression is –95. Find
Sebutan ke-10 bagi suatu J.A. ialah –41 dan hasil tambah 10 sebutan pertama janjang itu ialah –95. Cari
(a) the first term and the common difference (b) the first negative term.
of the A.P. sebutan negatif pertama.
sebutan pertama dan beza sepunya J.A. itu.
(a) T10 = –41 (b) Tn ⬍ 0
a + 9d = –41 …… ➀ 22 + (n – 1)(–7) ⬍ 0
S10 = –95 –7n ⬍ –29
10 n ⬎ 4.14
(2a + 9d) = –95
2 The first negative term is T5.
10a + 45d = –95 …… ➁ Sebutan negatif pertama ialah T5.
➀ × 10: 10a + 90d = –410 …… ➂
T5 = 22 + 4(–7)
➂ – ➁: 45d = –315
= –6
d = –7
From/Dari ➀ : a + 9(–7) = –41
a = 22

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 2. In an arithmetic progression, the 7th term is three times the 2nd term. The sum of the first 10 terms of
the progression is 120. Find
Dalam suatu janjang aritmetik, sebutan ke-7 adalah tiga kali sebutan ke-2. Hasil tambah 10 sebutan pertama janjang
itu ialah 120. Cari
(a) the 11th term. (b) the smallest value of n such that Sn ⬎ 300.
sebutan ke-11. nilai n terkecil dengan keadaan Sn ⬎ 300.

(a) T7 = 3 × T2 (b) Sn ⬎ 300

a + 6d = 3(a + d) n
[2(3) + (n – 1)(2)] ⬎ 300
2a = 3d …… ➀ 2
S10 = 120 n2 + 2n – 300 ⬎ 0
10 –2 ± 22 – 4(1)(–300)
[2a + 9d] = 120 n⬎
2 2(1)
2a + 9d = 24 …… ➁ ⬎ 16.35 or/atau –18.35
Substitute ➀ into ➁: Since n is a positive integer, the smallest value
Gantikan ➀ ke dalam ➁: of n is 17.
3d + 9d = 24 Oleh sebab n ialah integer positif, maka nilai n
12d = 24 terkecil ialah 17.
d=2
From/Dari ➁ : 2a + 9(2) = 24
a=3
T11 = 3 + 10(2)
= 23

P. Solve each of the following problems.

Selesaikan setiap masalah berikut. LS5.1.4 PL5

1. The diagram shows part of the arrangement of bricks of equal size on a wall built by Zainal.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sebahagian daripada susunan batu bata yang sama saiz pada dinding yang dibina oleh
Zainal.

7 cm

The number of bricks in the bottom row is 80. For the next rows, the number of bricks is 2 less than
the row below. The height of each brick is 7 cm. The number of bricks in the top row is 6. Calculate
Bilangan batu bata pada baris yang paling bawah ialah 80 ketul. Bagi baris-baris yang berikutnya, bilangan batu bata
adalah 2 ketul kurang daripada baris yang di bawahnya. Tinggi setiap batu bata ialah 7 cm. Bilangan batu bata pada
baris yang paling atas ialah 6 ketul. Hitung
(a) the height, in cm, of the wall. (b) the total cost of the bricks used if the price of
tinggi, dalam cm, dinding itu. a brick is 50 sen.
jumlah harga bagi batu bata yang digunakan jika
(a) 80, 78, 76, … , 6 harga seketul batu bata ialah 50 sen.
80 + (n – 1)(–2) = 6 38
(b) S38 = [2(80) + (38 – 1)(–2)]
2n = 76 2
n = 38 = 1 634
Height of the wall/Tinggi dinding Cost of the bricks/Harga batu bata
= 38 × 7 cm = 1 634 × RM0.50
= 266 cm = RM817

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 2. Tony is given two pieces of wires to be bent into the shape as shown in the diagram. The length of
the first section of the shape is a cm and the length of each subsequent section decreases by d cm.
The lengths of the wires are 365 cm and 435 cm respectively and they were bent into 10 sections and
15 sections respectively.
Tony diberi dua utas dawai untuk dibengkokkan supaya menjadi bentuk seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah di bawah.
Panjang bahagian pertama bentuk itu ialah a cm dan panjang setiap bahagian seterusnya dipendekkan sebanyak d cm.
Panjang dua utas dawai itu masing-masing ialah 365 cm dan 435 cm dan masing-masing dibengkokkan menjadi
10 bahagian dan 15 bahagian.
(a) Find the values of a and d.
Cari nilai a dan nilai d.
(b) Which section has a length of 29 cm?
a cm
Bahagian yang ke berapakah berukuran 29 cm?
(c) Find the difference in length between the last section of the two shapes.
Cari beza panjang antara bahagian terakhir bagi kedua-dua bentuk itu.
10 (b) Tn = 29
(a) [2a + (10 – 1)d] = 365
2 50 + (n – 1)(–3) = 29
2a + 9d = 73 …… ➀ n=8
15 The 8th section has a length of 29 cm.
[2a + (15 – 1)d] = 435
2 Bahagian ke-8 berukuran 29 cm.
2a + 14d = 58 …… ➁
➁ – ➀: 5d = –15 (c) T10 = 50 + 9(–3) = 23
d = –3 T15 = 50 + 14(–3) = 8
Substitute d = –3 into ➁: Difference in length between the last section
Gantikan d = –3 ke dalam ➁: Beza panjang antara bahagian terakhir
2a + 14(–3) = 58 = 23 – 8
a = 50 = 15 cm

PBD 5.2 Geometric Progressions (G.P.) Textbook: pp. 139 – 144

Janjang Geometri (J.G.)
A. Determine whether each of the following sequences is a geometric progression (G.P.).
Tentukan sama ada setiap jujukan berikut merupakan janjang geometri (J.G.). LS5.2.1 PL1

NOTES
(a) 2, 6, 12, … (b) 2, 6, 18, 54, … The ratio between two consecutive
r1 = 6 = 3 r1 = 6 = 3 r2 = 18 = 3 terms of a geometric progression (G.P.)
2 2 6 is a constant.
Nisbah antara sebarang dua sebutan
r2 = 12 =2 r3 = 54 =3 r1 = r2 = r3 berturutan bagi suatu janjang geometri
6 18 (J.G.) ialah satu pemalar.
r1 ≠ r2 This sequence is a G.P.
This sequence is not a G.P. Jujukan ini ialah J.G.
Jujukan ini bukan J.G.

1. 1, 2, 4, 8, … 2. 3, –6, –12, 24, … 3. 27, 9, 3, 1, …

2 –6 9 1
r1 = = 2 r1 = = –2 r1 = =
1 3 27 3
4 –12 3 1
r2 = = 2 r2 = =2 r2 = =
2 –6 9 3
8 24 1
r3 = = 2 r3 = = –2 r3 =
4 –12 3
r1 = r2 = r3 r1 = r3 ≠ r2 r1 = r2 = r3
This sequence is a G.P. This sequence is not a G.P. This sequence is a G.P.
Jujukan ini ialah J.G. Jujukan ini bukan J.G. Jujukan ini ialah J.G.

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 B. Determine the common ratio, r, of each of the following geometric progressions.
Tentukan nisbah sepunya, r, bagi setiap janjang geometri berikut. LS5.2.1 PL1

NOTES
(a) 2, 3, 4.5, … (b) 2, –8, 32, … The ratio between two consecutive
terms of a geometric progression is
r1 = 3 = 1.5 r1 = –8 = –4 called the common ratio, r.
2 2 Nisbah antara sebarang dua sebutan
4.5 32 berturutan bagi suatu janjang geometri
r2 = = 1.5 r2 = = –4 dinamakan nisbah sepunya, r.
3 –8
r = 1.5 r = –4

1. 2 , 2, 6, … 2. 125p2, 25p2, 5p2, … 3. 3x – 2y, –6x + 4y, 12x – 8y, …

3 25p 2
1 –6x + 4y
r1 = = r1 =
r1 =
2
=3 125p2 5 3x – 2y
2 5p2 –2(3x – 2y)
1 = = –2
3 r2 = = 3x – 2y
25p2 5
6 12x – 8y
r2 = = 3 1 r2 =
2 r= –6x + 4y
5
r=3 –2(–6x + 4y)
= = –2
–6x + 4y
r = –2

C. Given the first term, a, and the common ratio, r, list the first five terms of each G.P.
Diberi sebutan pertama, a, dan nisbah sepunya, r, senaraikan lima sebutan pertama bagi setiap J.G. LS5.2.1 PL1

NOTES
(a) a = 3, r = 5 (b) a = 64, r = 3 The geometric progression with the
4 first term, a and the common ratio, r:
×5 ×5 ×5 ×5 3 3 3 3
× × × × Janjang geometri dengan sebutan
4 4 4 4
pertama, a dan nisbah sepunya, r:
3 , 15 , 75 , 375 , 1 875, …
64 , 48 , 36 , 27 , 20 1 , … a, ar, ar 2, ar 3, ar 4, …
4

1. a = 1, r = 2 2. a = 3, r = –3 3. a = 24p2, r = 1 p
2
1, 2, 4, 8, 16, … 3, –9, 27, –81, 243, …
3 6
24p2, 12p3, 6p4, 3p5, p,…
2

D. Find the values of x, y and z of each of the following geometric progressions.

Cari nilai-nilai x, y dan z bagi setiap janjang geometri berikut. LS5.2.1 PL2

(a) 32, –16, x, y, z, … (b) 2, x, y, z, 2 592, …

2r4 = 2 592
r = –16 = – 1
32 2 r4 = 1 296
x = –16 × 冢– 1 冣 = 8 r4 = 64
2 r = ±6
y = 8 × 冢– 冣 = –4
1 When/Apabila r = 6, When/Apabila r = –6,
2 x = 2(6) = 12 x = 2(–6) = –12
z = –4 × 冢– 1 冣 = 2 y = 12(6) = 72 y = –12(–6) = 72
2 z = 72(6) = 432 z = 72(–6) = –432

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 1. 2, 8, x, y, z, … 2. –4, x, y, z, –324, …
8 –4r4 = –324
r= =4
2 r4 = 81
x = 8(4) r4 = 34
= 32 r = ±3
y = 32(4) When/Apabila r = 3, When/Apabila r = –3,
= 128 x = –4(3) = –12 x = –4(–3) = 12
z = 128(4) y = –12(3) = –36 y = 12(–3) = –36
= 512 z = –36(3) = –108 z = –36(–3) = 108

E. Given three consecutive terms of a geometric progression, find the value of y and the three terms of
the geometric progression. State the common ratio, r, of the geometric progression.
Diberi tiga sebutan berturutan bagi suatu janjang geometri, cari nilai y dan tiga sebutan bagi janjang geometri itu. Nyatakan
nisbah sepunya, r, janjang geometri itu. LS5.2.1 PL3

NOTES
(a) y – 4, y – 2, y + 2, … (b) …, 2, y, 18, … If x, y and z are three consecutive
y–2 y+2 y 18 terms of a G.P, then
= = Jika x, y dan z ialah tiga sebutan
y–4 y–2 2 y berturutan bagi suatu J.G., maka
(y – 2)2 = (y – 4)(y + 2) y2 = 36 y
=
z
y – 4y + 4 = y2 – 2y – 8
2
y = ±6 x y
2y = 12 y2 = xz
G.P./J.G.:
y=6 or/atau
…, 2, 6, 18, …; r = 3
G.P./J.G.: 2, 4, 8, … y = ± xz
or/atau
y is the mean geometric of x and z.
r=2 …, 2, –6, 18, …; r = –3 y ialah min geometri bagi x dan z.

1. y – 10, y, y + 8, … 2. …, 3, y, 75, …
y y+8 y 75
= =
y – 10 y 3 y
y2 = (y – 10)(y + 8) 2
y = 225
y2 = y2 – 2y – 80 y = ±15
2y = –80 G.P./J.G.:
y = –40
…, 3, 15, 75, …; r = 5
G.P./J.G.: –50, –40, –32, …
4 or/atau
r=
5 …, 3, –15, 75, …; r = –5

F. Find the stated terms of each of the following geometric progressions.

Cari sebutan-sebutan yang ditetapkan bagi setiap janjang geometri berikut. LS5.2.2 PL1

1. a = 2, r = 5, …; T7, Tn 2. a = 8, r = –3; T9, T2k

(a) a = 2, r = 4, …; T8, Tk 7–1
T7 = 2(5 ) T9 = 8(–3)9 – 1
T8 = 2(48 – 1) Tn = arn – 1 = 31 250 = 52 488
= 32 768 Tn = 2(5n – 1) T2k = 8(–3)2k – 1
Tk = 2(4k – 1) = –8(32k – 1)
k
= 2(4 )
4
1
= (4k)
2

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 3. 1, 1 , 1 , …; T10, Tn 4. 64, –16, 4, …; T12, Tk + 1
(b) 243, 81, 27, …; T10, Tn 3 9 –16 1
r= =–
1 64 4
r = 81 = 1 r=
3
243 3 12 – 1
10 – 1 T10 = 1
1 10 – 1
冢 冣 冢 14 冣
T12 = 64 –
T10 = 243冢 1 冣 3
= –64冢 11 冣
3 1
1
5 = 9 4
= 9 = 1
3 3
1
3 81 1 =–
= 65 536
n–1 19 683
Tn = 243冢 1 冣 1 k+1–1
3 n–1 Tk + 1 冢 冣
= 64 –
3 5 Tn = 1 冢 13 冣 4
= n–1 43 (–4)3
3 1 = k
=– = –(–4)3 – k
= (–4) (–4)k
= 36 – n 3n – 1

G. Find the number of terms of each of the following geometric progressions.

Cari bilangan sebutan bagi setiap janjang geometri berikut. LS5.2.2 PL2
2 2 2
1. 256, 64, 16, … , 1 2. x , – x , x , … , 512x2
1 , 1 , 1 , …, 128 1 024 32 16 8
16 8 4 1 x2
a = 256, r = a= , r = –2
4 32
a= 1,r=2 n–1 x2
16
1 (2n – 1) = 128
256冢 14 冣 = 1 024
1
32
(–2)n – 1 = 512x2
n–1 4 5 (–2)n – 1 = 16 384
16
2n – 1 = (24)(27)
冢 14 冣 = 冢 14 冣 冢 14 冣 (–2)n – 1 = (–2)14
2n – 1 = 211 n–1=9 n – 1 = 14
n – 1 = 11 n = 10 n = 15
n = 12

H. Given two terms of a geometric progression, find the first term, a, and the common ratio, r.
Diberi dua sebutan bagi suatu janjang geometri, cari sebutan pertama, a, dan nisbah sepunya, r. LS5.2.2 PL3

T3 = 32, T7 = 162 1. T5 = 96, T8 = 768 2. T7 = 1 , T11 = 1

16 256
T5 = ar4 = 96 …… ➀
T3 = ar2 = 32 …… ➀ T7 = ar6 =
1
…… ➀
T8 = ar7 = 768 …… ➁
T7 = ar6 = 162 …… ➁ 16
1
ar 6
162 ar7 768 T11 = ar10 = …… ➁
➁ ÷ ➀: = ➁ ÷ ➀: = 256
ar2 32 ar4 96
r3 = 8 ar10 1 1
r4 = 81 ➁ ÷ ➀: = ÷
16 r=2 ar6 256 16
1
r4 =
r = ±3 Substitute r = 2 into ➀. 16
2 Gantikan r = 2 ke dalam ➀. 1
3
Substitute r = ± into ➀.
r=±
a(24) = 96 2
2
96 1
Gantikan r = ±
3
ke dalam ➀. a= Substitute r = ± into ➀.
2 16 2
=6 1
2 Gantikan r = ± ke dalam ➀.
a冢± 3 冣 = 32 2
2
1 6 1
a = 32冢 4 冣 = 128 冢 冣
a±
2
=
16
9 9 a=4

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 I. Solve the following problems involving Tn of a geometric progression.
Selesaikan masalah berikut yang melibatkan Tn bagi suatu janjang geometri. LS5.2.2 PL4

Given the geometric progression 1, 3, 9, …, determine the first term which exceeds 5 000.
Diberi janjang geometri 1, 3, 9, …, tentukan sebutan pertama yang melebihi 5 000.
Tn = 1(3n – 1) ⬎ 5 000
3n – 1 ⬎ 5 000
Take common logarithms on both sides.
log10 3n – 1 ⬎ log10 5 000 Ambil logaritma biasa pada kedua-dua belah.
(n – 1) log10 3 ⬎ log10 5 000
log10 5 000 The first term which exceeds 5 000 is T9.
n–1⬎ Use a calculator
log10 3 to evaluate this Sebutan pertama yang melebihi 5 000 ialah T9.
expression.
log10 5 000 T9 = 1(39 – 1)
n⬎ +1 Gunakan kalkulator
log10 3 untuk menilai = 38
ungkapan ini.
n ⬎ 8.753 = 6 561

1. Given the geometric progression 5, 20, 80, …,
determine the first term which exceeds 10 000.
Diberi janjang geometri 5, 20, 80, …, tentukan sebutan
pertama yang melebihi 10 000.
Tn = 5(4 ) ⬎ 10 000
n–1
2. Given the geometric progression 5, 2.5, 1.25,
…, determine the first term which is less than
0.0001.
Diberi janjang geometri 5, 2.5, 1.25, …, tentukan
sebutan pertama yang kurang daripada 0.0001.

4n – 1 ⬎ 2 000 Tn = 5(0.5n – 1) ⬍ 0.0001

log10 4n – 1 ⬎ log10 2 000 0.5n – 1 ⬍ 0.00002
(n – 1) log10 4 ⬎ log10 2 000 log10 0.5n – 1 ⬍ log10 0.00002
log10 2 000 (n – 1) log10 0.5 ⬍ log10 0.00002
n–1⬎
log10 4 log10 0.00002
n–1⬎
log10 2 000 log10 0.5
n⬎ +1
log10 4 log10 0.00002
n⬎ +1
n ⬎ 6.483 log10 0.5
The first term which exceeds 10 000 is T7. n ⬎ 16.61
Sebutan pertama yang melebihi 10 000 ialah T7. The first term which exceeds 0.0001 is T17.
T7 = 5(4 )7–1 Sebutan pertama yang melebihi 0.0001 ialah T17.
= 5(46) T17 = 5(0.517 – 1)
= 20 480 = 5(0.516)
= 0.00007629

J. Find the sum of the first n terms of each of the following geometric progressions.
Cari hasil tambah n sebutan pertama bagi setiap janjang geometri berikut LS5.2.3 PL1

1. 1, 2, 4, …; n = 15 2. 8, 12, 18, …; n = 10
(a) 5, 10, 20, …; n = 8
2 12
a = 1, r = a = 8, r =
a = 5, r = 10 = 2 1 8
5 =2 3
=
8 2
S8 = 5(2 – 1) 1(215 – 1) = 1.5
2–1 S15 =
= 1 275 2–1
= 32 767 8(1.510 – 1)
n S10 =
Sn = a(r – 1), r ⬎ 0 1.5 – 1
r–1
= 16(1.510 – 1)
41
= 906
64

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 3. 5, –10, 20, …; n = 8 4. 27, –9. 3, …; n = 20
(b) 4, –12, 36, …; n = 10 –10 –9
a = 5, r = a = 27, r =
5 27
a = 4, r = – 12 = –3 = –2 1
4 =–
3
10
S10 = 4[1 – (–3) ] 5[1 – (–2)8] 20
1 – (–3)
S8 =
1 – (–2) 冤 冢 13 冣 冥
27 1 – –
S20 =
= 1 – (–3)10 = –425
1 – 冢– 冣
1
= –59 048 3
20

1–r
n
Sn = a(1 – r ) , r ⬍ 0 =
81
4 冤 冢 冣 冥
1– –
1
3
= 20.25

K. Find the sum of the stated consecutive terms in each of the following geometric progressions.
Cari hasil tambah sebutan berturutan yang ditetapkan bagi setiap janjang geometri berikut. LS5.2.3 PL2

1. 3, 12, 48, … 2. 24, 12, 6, …

2, 8, 32, …
T4 + T5 + T6 + T7 + T8 T6 + T7 + T8 + T9 + T10
T5 + T6 + T7 + T8 + T9 = S8 – S3 = S10 – S5
= S9 – S4 3(48 – 1) 3(43 – 1) 10 5
9 4
= 2(4 – 1) – 2(4 – 1)
=
4–1
–
4–1 冤 冢 12 冣 冥
24 1 – 冤 冢 12 冣 冥
24 1 –
4–1 4–1 8 3 = –
=4 –4 1 1
2 1– 1–
9
= (4 – 4 ) 4 = 65 472 2 2
3 5 10
= 174 592 = 48 冤冢 12 冣 – 冢 12 冣 冥
= 1.453

L. Find the sum to infinity of each of the following geometric progressions.

Cari hasil tambah hingga ketakterhinggaan bagi setiap janjang geometri berikut. LS5.2.4 PL2

1. 2, 1 , 1 , … 2. 16 , – 8 , 4 , …
(a) 9, 3, 1, … 2 8 3 3 3
1 16 1
a = 9, r = 1 a = 2, r =
4
a=
3
,r=–
2
3
9 2 16
S⬁ = S⬁ = 3
1
1– 1 1– S⬁ =
3
8
4 1– –
1
2冢 冣
= 27 =
2 3 32
=
a , –1 ⬍ r ⬍ 1 9
S⬁ =
1–r

3. 20 + 4 + 4 + … 4. 3 – 0.3 + 0.03 + …
5 a = 3, r = –0.1
(b) 5 – 2.5 + 1.25, …
1 3
a = 20, r = S⬁ =
a = 5, r = –0.5 5 1 – (–0.1)
S⬁ = 5 S⬁ =
20 30
1 – (–0.5) 1 =
1– 11
= 10 5
3 = 25

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 M. Express each of the following recurring decimals as a fraction.
Ungkapkan setiap perpuluhan jadi semula berikut sebagai satu pecahan. LS5.2.4 PL3

• •
• 1. 0. 5 2. 0. 6
(a) 0. 3
= 0.555… = 0.666…
= 0.333…
= 0.5 + 0.05 + 0.005 + … = 0.6 + 0.06 + 0.006 + …
= 0.3 + 0.03 + 0.003 + …
0.5 0.6
= =
= 0.3 1 – 0.1 1 – 0.1
1 – 0.1 5 6 2
= = =
= 1 9 9 3
3
••• •• •••
(b) 0. 3 1 6 3. 0. 2 7 4. 0. 7 0 5
= 0.316316316… = 0.272727… = 0.705 + 0.000705 +
= 0.316 + 0.000316 + = 0.27 + 0.0027 + 0.000027 + 0.000000705 + …
0.000000316 + … … 0.705
=
= 0.316 = 316 =
0.27 1 – 0.001
1 – 0.001 999 1 – 0.01 705 235
= =
•• 27 3 999 333
= =
(c) 1.2 4 8 99 11
= 1.2 + 0.0484848… • ••
= 1.2 + (0.048 + 0.00048 + 5. 3.7 4 6. 2.5 3 6
0.0000048 + …) = 3.7 + 0.04444… = 2.5 + 0.0363636…
= 3.7 + (0.04 + 0.004 + 0.0004 = 2.5 + (0.036 + 0.00036 +
= 1 1 + 0.048 + …) 0.0000036 + …)
5 1 – 0.01
7 0.04 1 0.036
= 1 1 + 48 =3 +
10 1 – 0.1
=2 +
2 1 – 0.01
5 990
7 4 67 1 36 59
= 1 41 =3 +
10 90
=3
90
=2 +
2 990
=2
110
165

N. Solve the following problems involving Sn and S⬁ of a geometric progression.

Selesaikan masalah berikut yang melibatkan Sn dan S⬁ bagi suatu janjang geometri. LS5.2.4 PL4

1. Find the smallest value of n such that the sum 2. The sum to infinity of a geometric progression
of the first n terms of 1, 2, 4, … is more than is 12 and its common ratio is 2 . Find its first
2 000 000. 5
Cari nilai n terkecil dengan keadaan hasil tambah term.
n sebutan pertama bagi 1, 2, 4, … melebihi 2 000 000.
Hasil tambah hingga ketakterhinggaan bagi suatu
janjang geometri ialah 12 dan nisbah sepunya janjang
a = 1, r = 2 2
itu ialah . Cari sebutan pertamanya.
Sn ⬎ 2 000 000 5
1(2n – 1)
⬎ 2 000 000 a
2–1 S⬁ =
2n – 1 ⬎ 2 000 000 1–
2
2n ⬎ 2 000 001 5
log10 2n ⬎ 2 000 001 12 =
a
n log10 2 ⬎ log10 2 000 001 1–
2
log10 2 000 001 5
n⬎
log10 2 a = 12 冢 冣
3
5
n ⬎ 20.93
36
=
The smallest value of n is 21. 5
Nilai n terkecil ialah 21.

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 O. Solve the following problems.
Selesaikan masalah yang berikut. LS5.2.5 PL5
1. The diagram shows a box with 20 compartments for savings. Shuba keeps
RM1, RM2, RM4, RM8, …, sequentially in the compartments.
Rajah di sebelah menunjukkan sebuah kotak yang mempunyai 20 petak untuk
menyimpan wang. Shuba menyimpan RM1, RM2, RM4, RM8, …, secara berturutan
ke dalam petak-petak itu.
(a) If Shuba has RM5 000, calculate the number (b) If all the compartments are filled, find the
of compartments that she can fill. amount of money that filled in the last
Jika Shuba mempunyai RM5 000, hitung bilangan compartment.
petak yang dapat dia isikan. Jika semua petak itu diisi, hitung wang yang diisi
ke dalam petak terakhir.
(a) G.P./J.G.: 1, 2, 4, 8, …
a = 1, r = 2 (b) T20 = 1(219)
= 524 288
Sn = 5 000
1(2n – 1) The amount of money that filled in the last
= 5 000 compartment is RM524 288.
2–1
n
2 = 5 001 Wang yang diisi ke dalam petak terakhir ialah
log10 2n = log10 5 001 RM524 288.
log10 5 001
n= = 12.29
log10 2
Since n is a positive integer, Shuba can fill
12 compartments.
Oleh sebab n ialah integer positif, maka Shuba
dapat mengisi 12 petak.

2. The diagram shows the arrangements of equilateral triangles made from wire and welded together when
more equilateral triangles are added. The equilateral triangles are of sides 16 cm, 8 cm, 4 cm, …
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan susunan segi tiga sama sisi yang diperbuat daripada dawai dan dikimpal bersama apabila
lebih banyak segi tiga sama sisi ditambahkan. Segi tiga sama sisi itu bersisi 16 cm, 8 cm, 4 cm, …

(a) Find the lengths of sides of the equilateral (b) Find the number of equilateral triangles of
triangles of the 10th diagram. the 10th diagram.
Cari panjang sisi segi tiga sama sisi bagi rajah yang Cari bilangan segi tiga sama sisi bagi rajah yang
ke-10. ke-10.

(a) Lengths of sides of the equilateral triangles: (b) Number of equilateral triangles of equal size:
Panjang sisi segi tiga sama sisi: Bilangan segi tiga sama sisi yang sama saiz:
16, 8, 4, … 1, 4, 16, …
1 G.P./J.G.: a = 1, r = 4
G.P./J.G.: a = 16 , r =
2
Number of equilateral triangles of the 10th diagram
Lengths of sides of the equilateral triangles of the Bilangan segi tiga sama sisi bagi rajah yang ke-10
10th diagram = 1(410 – 1)
Panjang sisi segi tiga sama sisi bagi rajah yang = 262 144
ke-10
1 10 – 1
= 16 冢 冣
2
1
= cm
32

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 TOWARDS SPM PRACTICE PAPER 1

Answer all the questions.

Jawab semua soalan.
1. Melvin is given a piece of wire of length 14.04 m. 3. Given (x + 2), (2x – 11) and 冢 x + 2 冣 are three
He cuts the wire into several pieces. Each piece is 9
bent to form a square. The diagram shows the consecutive terms of a geometric progression with
first three squares made by Melvin. a common ratio of 1 . Find
Melvin diberi seutas dawai dengan panjang 14.04 m. Dia 3
冢 x +9 2 冣 ialah tiga sebutan
memotong dawai itu kepada beberapa bahagian. Setiap
Diberi (x + 2), (2x – 11) dan
bahagian akan dibengkokkan untuk membentuk satu
segi empat sama. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan tiga buah berturutan bagi suatu janjang geometri dengan nisbah
segi empat sama yang pertama yang dibentuk oleh Melvin. 1
sepunya . Cari
11 cm 3
7 cm (a) the value of x.
3 cm nilai x.
3 cm 7 cm 11 cm
(b) the first term if (x + 2) is the 10th term of
the progression.
sebutan pertama jika (x + 2) ialah sebutan ke-10
janjang itu.
How many squares that can be made by Melvin? [4]
Berapakah bilangan segi empat sama yang boleh dibentuk 2x – 11 1
(a) r = =
oleh Melvin? x+2 3
[4] 6x – 33 = x + 2
n 5x = 35
Sn = [2(12) + (n – 1)(16)] = 1 404 x=7
2
n(24 + 16n – 16) = 2 808 (b) T10 = x + 2
16n2 + 8n – 2 808 = 0
1 9
2n2 + n – 351 = 0 a冢 冣
3
=9
(n – 13)(2n + 27) = 0 a = 311
n = 13 or/atau –13.5 = 177 147
Melvin can make 13 squares.
Melvin boleh membentuk 13 buah segi empat sama. 4. Given h, 3 and k are the first three terms of
a geometric progression. Express in terms of k,
Diberi h, 3 dan k ialah tiga sebutan pertama bagi suatu
janjang geometri. Ungkapkan dalam sebutan k,
2. Given the nth term of a geometric progression is
n–1 (a) the first term and the common ratio of the
Tn = 5r , r ≠ p. State progression.
4 sebutan pertama dan nisbah sepunya janjang itu.
Diberi sebutan ke-n bagi suatu janjang geometri ialah
5r n – 1 (b) the sum to infinity of the progression.
Tn = , r ≠ p. Nyatakan hasil tambah hingga ketakterhinggaan janjang itu.
4
(a) the value of p. [4]
nilai p. 3 k
(a) =
(b) the first term of the progression. h 3
sebutan pertama janjang itu. hk = 9
[3] 9
First term/Sebutan pertama, a =
(a) r ≠ 0 k
Thus/Maka, p = 0. k
Common ratio/Nisbah sepunya, r =
3
5r0 5 9
(b) T1 = =
4 4 k 27
(b) S⬁ = =
k k(3 – k)
1–
3

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 TOWARDS SPM PRACTICE PAPER 2

Answer all the questions.

Jawab semua soalan.
1. The diagram shows part of a rectangular wall 6 + (n – 1)(4) = 86
painted in blue (B), white (P), red (M) and n – 1 = 20
green (H) subsequently. The height of the wall is n = 21
1.5 m. The width of the first coloured rectangle is
The 21st coloured rectangle has an area of
6 cm and the width of each subsequent coloured
12 900 cm2 and painted in blue.
rectangle increases by 4 cm.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sebahagian daripada dinding
Segi empat tepat berwarna ke-21 mempunyai luas
berbentuk segi empat tepat yang dicat dengan warna biru 12 900 cm2 dan berwarna biru.
(B), putih (P), merah (M) dan hijau (H) secara berselang
seli. Tinggi dinding itu ialah 1.5 m. Lebar segi empat tepat 2. A piece of wire is cut into n pieces. The length
berwarna pertama ialah 6 cm dan lebar bagi setiap segi of each piece of the wire is increase and form
empat tepat berwarna berikutnya bertambah sebanyak a geometric progression. It is given that the length
4 cm. of the sixth piece of wire is 9 times the length of
the fourth piece of wire.
Seutas dawai dipotong kepada n bahagian. Panjang setiap
bahagian dawai itu bertambah dan membentuk satu janjang
B P M H B P
geometri. Diberi bahawa panjang dawai bahagian keenam
adalah 9 kali panjang dawai bahagian keempat.
(a) Calculate the common ratio.
Given the total number of coloured rectangles Hitung nisbah sepunya.
is 41. [2]
Diberi jumlah segi empat tepat berwarna ialah 41. (b) If the total length of the wire is 6 560 cm and
(a) Find the length of the first piece of wire is 2 cm,
Cari calculate
(i) the width, in cm, of the last coloured Jika jumlah panjang dawai itu ialah 6 560 cm dan
rectangle. panjang dawai bahagian pertama ialah 2 cm, hitung
lebar, dalam cm, segi empat tepat berwarna (i) the value of n.
terakhir. nilai n.
(ii) the total length, in cm, of the painted wall. (ii) the length, in cm, of the last piece of wire.
jumlah panjang, dalam cm, dinding yang dicat. panjang, dalam cm, dawai bahagian terakhir.
[4] [4]
(b) Which coloured rectangle has an area of ar5
(a) =9
12 900 cm2? Hence, state the colour of this ar3
rectangle. r2 = 9
Segi empat tepat berwarna yang ke berapakah r=3
mempunyai luas 12 900 cm2? Seterusnya, nyatakan
warna bagi segi empat tepat berkenaan. (b) (i) Sn = 6 560
[3] 2(3n – 1)
(a) (i) T41 = 6 + (41 – 1)(4) = 6 560
3–1
= 166 cm 3n – 1 = 6 560
3n = 6 561
41 3n = 38
(ii) S41 = (6 + 166)
2 n=8
= 3 526 cm
(ii) T8 = 2(37)
(b) Width of the rectangle = 4 374 cm
Lebar segi empat tepat
12 900
=
150
= 86 cm

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05 MAMD 2021 ADD MATHS TG4-CHP05(NM)-ZAH 1P.indd 74 11/24/20 12:56 PM