2

1 A student is investigating the speed of a vehicle on a track when a small ball is projected into the
vehicle, as shown in Fig. 1.1.

ball vehicle

track

Fig. 1.1

The ball is projected towards the vehicle by a compressed spring. It is suggested that the
relationship between the speed v of the vehicle and its mass M, after the ball embeds itself in the
vehicle, is

kx 2 = (M + b)v 2

where b is the mass of the ball, k is the spring constant and x is the compression of the spring.

Design a laboratory experiment to test the relationship between v and M.

Explain how your results could be used to plot a graph with 1/v 2 on the y-axis and to determine a
value for k. You should draw a diagram, on page 3, showing the arrangement of your equipment.

In your account you should pay particular attention to

• the procedure to be followed

• the measurements to be taken
• the control of variables
• the analysis of the data
• any safety precautions to be taken.
[15]

© UCLES 2017 9702/52/F/M/17

 3

Diagram

pan Balance
Top
-

I"
'

to measure

the mass
g

light gate light gate

Electronic Timer

N·N
mass added
gu~YYngr.ie?ed
.

lo ,
Glass Top ball
Vehical l light light '

'
Gate
gate 't g

\ For marinara
-
.

ze
chtambev
↳
Sensei Senses
,

in which the I 2
compressed length ball embeds

n lo l
compression
-
=

Timer
.................................................................................................................................................................. -

independent
Vehicle
Velocity variable and
"
the is the
"

mass
* M of
..................................................................................................................................................................
" "
"

dependent constant K
"

vehicle variable The

ofV the is the
spring
.................................................................................................................................................................. .
g

"

and
"

the the ball the b the

of
mass
compression of spring
..................................................................................................................................................................
will be kept throughout constant experiment the
..................................................................................................................................................................
-

" "

M Vehicle will varied Small

*
Mass of the
by using bemasses
..................................................................................................................................................................
it Vehicle Mass with added Small
being pot on
Of the the mass
-

..................................................................................................................................................................
balance
will be
initially using Top pan
measure -

..................................................................................................................................................................
.

cc
g )

The initial uncompressed l will be recorded

*
length of spring using
..................................................................................................................................................................
meter role -
The
spring
will be
compressed and the compressed
..................................................................................................................................................................
.

measured
" "

will be The be calculated

length l compression n can
.

..................................................................................................................................................................
difference of two and will be kept
by finding the
lengths
..................................................................................................................................................................
same

in all trials position of the spring The will be adjusted above

..................................................................................................................................................................
.
the

table so it move in Line with the chamber Vehicle The

can
of -

..................................................................................................................................................................
and made to hit
ball compressed
is the Vehicle it so that
..................................................................................................................................................................off
mores
.

© UCLES 2017 9702/52/F/M/17 [Turn over

 4
Sets
of
To calculatevelocity of the vehicle to the two t
right Light gates
.................................................................................................................................................................. ,
are

positioned the on table such thatthrough the

..................................................................................................................................................................
vehicle moves them .

The sensors are connected to an electronic timer The timer starts

..................................................................................................................................................................
.

and
when the vehicle
passes light gate the
stops
..................................................................................................................................................................
L , when it
"

distance between
"

gate The d the is

passes through the La gates
..................................................................................................................................................................
-

measured meter rule The vehicle be calculated

using speed of can
-
-

..................................................................................................................................................................
using .

calculated relation V
SH Far better = result . the process is repeated
.................................................................................................................................................................. ,

to obtain time and the value

reading of of time
one more
average
..................................................................................................................................................................
can be use 'd to
speed calculate at each mass t =
tithe Since the
..................................................................................................................................................................
2-
s

glass offers very less friction so speed can

using
..................................................................................................................................................................
be calculated
Eff
use small vehicle and
change the
to masses mass the
of
..................................................................................................................................................................
.

balance
" "
M obtain several
measure its mass
using to
readings
..................................................................................................................................................................
V
of
..................................................................................................................................................................
.

Use
spring of good quality so that it does not deform when
..................................................................................................................................................................
used

for readings
several
spring with
Also
higher spring
use constant
..................................................................................................................................................................
.

it KE and momentum the ball

so
provides sufficient to
.................................................................................................................................................................. .

"
Nit

O
l Mtb ) V
'

In #
kn ' '
:
'

⇒ M t
than
=
=
..................................................................................................................................................................
Plot Hv '
Y on
against M on X anis
axis
If
..................................................................................................................................................................
-
-

Hae
graph is
a
straight line , the relationship
..................................................................................................................................................................
is valid
.................................................................................................................................................................. M

HE
#
.

Calculate
gradient ; gradient ⇒
Gradient ur
=
# or note down
..................................................................................................................................................................
=

Y intercept graph as y intercept* ÷w⇒ by

intercepting
-

from -
k ⇐
..................................................................................................................................................................
=

Use I screen avoid

spring hitting the eyes
to ball
safety goggles
or
..................................................................................................................................................................
around the table does so that vehicle
Apply fences the not fall
..................................................................................................................................................................
.

..................................................................................................................................................................
---
*
calculate K k
using
=

Gradientyx"
..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

[Total: 15]
© UCLES 2017 9702/52/F/M/17
 2

1 A student is investigating how the resistance R of nichrome in the form of a wire varies with For
temperature θ. Examiner’s
Use

It is suggested that

R = R0(1 + aθ)

where R0 is the resistance at 0 °C, a is a constant and θ is the temperature measured in °C.

Design a laboratory experiment to test the relationship between θ and R and determine
the value of a. You should draw a diagram, on page 3, showing the arrangement of your
equipment. In your account you should pay particular attention to

(a) the procedure to be followed,

(b) the measurements to be taken,

(c) the control of variables,

(d) the analysis of the data,

(e) the safety precautions to be taken.

[15]

© UCLES 2013 9702/53/O/N/13

 3

Diagram For
Examiner’s
Use

·
variable
ohmeter How
apply.
Switch&

I
I
Electric Heater
# aland's and

O is the
independent variable (or vary of and R is the
.........................................................................................................................................................

dependent variable / or measure R ,

keeping the length
.........................................................................................................................................................
(esarea of crossection) of
hichrome wire to be constant -
.........................................................................................................................................................
Immerse the thin and
long
resistance wire
completely
.........................................................................................................................................................
into an ice-water mixture and measure its resistance
.........................................................................................................................................................
Ro
using Ohmmeter connected across the resistor .
.........................................................................................................................................................
Now immerse the same into a beaker
length of wive
.........................................................................................................................................................

filled with water Record the initial temperature of

.........................................................................................................................................................
.

water before tuning on the heater and measure the

.........................................................................................................................................................
resistance of wive using ohmeter , connected parallel to
.........................................................................................................................................................
the wire . Now tun the heater ON and note down
.........................................................................................................................................................
the resistance of wire using ohmmeter after the
.........................................................................................................................................................
5 ° -Stirrer the
temperature of water increases by
.........................................................................................................................................................
water
gently to obtain uniform temperature throughout
.........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2013 9702/53/O/N/13 [Turn over

 4

..................................................................................................................................................................
Now repeat the procedure
of obtaining resistance
..................................................................................................................................................................
value for five more time each after a temperature
..................................................................................................................................................................
°

of 5 0 C

↑
rise .
.

..................................................................................................................................................................
Now Plot R
against 0 .
If the graph -
..................................................................................................................................................................
turns out to be
straight line with
..................................................................................................................................................................
is valid
y-intercept ,
the
relationship -
..................................................................................................................................................................
The Rox
gradient of the graph gives So calculate
..................................................................................................................................................................
d =
gradient/Ro
..................................................................................................................................................................
beaker and the rive as be hot.
Avoid
touching the
they may
..................................................................................................................................................................
Instead use gloves to prevent and
scalding borns . Use
..................................................................................................................................................................
safety goggles to prevent splashes of water .
..................................................................................................................................................................
and thin resistance to have smaller
use
long reve
precentage
..................................................................................................................................................................
values
uncertainty in
of resistances .
..................................................................................................................................................................
Before taking the
reading ,
wait for
temperature to be
..................................................................................................................................................................
stablize small currents to the
. Use minimite
heating
..................................................................................................................................................................
. Use insulated to connect heater with
effect wives
..................................................................................................................................................................
source and to connect the resistance move to Ohmmeter .
..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

[Total: 15]
© UCLES 2017 9702/52/F/M/17
 2

1 A student is investigating the flow of water through a horizontal tube. For

Examiner’s
The rate Q (volume per unit time) at which water flows through a tube depends on the Use

pressure difference per unit length across the tube.

The student has the use of a metal can with two holes. A narrow horizontal tube goes through
the hole in the side of the can. The can is continuously supplied with water from a tap.
The level of water in the can is kept constant by the position of a wide vertical tube which
passes through the hole in the bottom of the can as shown in Fig. 1.1. Both tubes may be
moved along the holes.

to tap

metal can

water h

flow rate Q

wide tube narrow tube

overflow

Fig. 1.1

It is suggested that the relationship between the flow rate Q of water through the narrow
horizontal tube and the vertical height h is
2πρghd 4
Q=
lη
where ρ is the density of water, g is the acceleration of free fall, d is the internal diameter of
the tube, l is the length of the tube and η is a constant.

Design a laboratory experiment to test the relationship between Q and h and determine
a value for η . You should draw a diagram, on page 3, showing the arrangement of your
equipment. In your account you should pay particular attention to

(a) the procedure to be followed,

(b) the measurements to be taken,

(c) the control of variables,

(d) the analysis of the data,

(e) the safety precautions to be taken.

[15]
© UCLES 2013 9702/51/M/J/13
 3

Diagram For
Examiner’s
Use

I
I
Ik
-

E
h independent variable h Or
and is
is so
vary a
.........................................................................................................................................................

dependent variable so measure P for each value of h.

.........................................................................................................................................................
tube'l' its diameter'd' and
keep the
length of
.........................................................................................................................................................
,

the
temperature of water to be constant so that the
.........................................................................................................................................................

density of water remains constant throughout the experi-

.........................................................................................................................................................
ment
.........................................................................................................................................................
.

To determine the water measure the mass

density of ,
of
.........................................................................................................................................................
an
empty measuring cylinder using digital
balance (m)
.........................................................................................................................................................
Now take and
some water in the
measuring cylinder
.........................................................................................................................................................
note down the man of water with Cylinder (M2) .
.........................................................................................................................................................
calculate the mass water mc-M and
of using m = ,
.........................................................................................................................................................
determine the volume
use
measuring cylinder to of water
.........................................................................................................................................................
IV) Calculate density
using 9 M/V
=
.........................................................................................................................................................
.

set-up the apparatus as shown in figure Measure .

.........................................................................................................................................................
the
length of narrow tube'l' using ruler Measure .
.........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2013 9702/51/M/J/13 [Turn over

 4

the internal diameter of narrow tube inside For

using
......................................................................................................................................................... Examiner’s
Use
jaws of Vernier calliper Repeat in different directions
.........................................................................................................................................................
-

and take their 'd' Use Spirit level to ensure

average
.........................................................................................................................................................
. -

that the narrow tube is horizontal .

.........................................................................................................................................................
measure the
of roider tube voler and
height using
.........................................................................................................................................................
'
note down the time't , taken to fill the
measuring
.........................................................................................................................................................
'ti
Cylinder up to volume V
Repeat the time for
.........................................................................................................................................................
-

same value
of 'h' and same volume and take their
.........................................................................................................................................................

average += (ti t1)/2 Determine the flow rate

of water
+ .
.........................................................................................................................................................
Q = U/t Now
position of wider
using change the
.........................................................................................................................................................
-

tube to 'h' and

vary the height repeat the procedure
.........................................................................................................................................................
to determine the flow rate R for 6-sets of readings .
.........................................................................................................................................................
Plot a
graph of Q
Vs h . If the
graph is a straight
.........................................................................................................................................................
line
through the origin the suggested relationship is ,
.........................................................................................................................................................
The
correct .
gradient of graph is equal to d
.........................................................................................................................................................
x h
use the
gradient of graph to determine the
.........................................................................................................................................................
value
of u as n =
&
.........................................................................................................................................................
lx
gradient .

.........................................................................................................................................................
To prevent
injury using metal tubes use protective gloves-
.........................................................................................................................................................
,

use a
larger measuring cylinder to reduce the percentage
.........................................................................................................................................................

uncertainty in the measurement of time and flow-rate R

......................................................................................................................................................... .

Add radius
of narrow tube in height if measuring from
.........................................................................................................................................................
above the tube . Colour liquid can be used take the
.........................................................................................................................................................
volume water at
of ease
.
.........................................................................................................................................................

Defining the Methods of Method of Safety Additional

For problem data collection analysis considerations detail
Examiner’s
Use

© UCLES 2013 9702/51/M/J/13

 2

1 A student wishes to investigate projectile motion. For

Examiner’s
A small ball is rolled with velocity v along a horizontal surface. When the ball reaches the Use

end of the horizontal surface, it falls and lands on a lower horizontal surface. The vertical
displacement of the ball is p and the horizontal displacement of the ball is q, as shown in
Fig 1.1.

Fig. 1.1

It is suggested that

gq 2 = 2pv 2

where g is the acceleration of free fall.

Design a laboratory experiment to investigate how q is related to p and how v may be

determined from the results. You should draw a diagram, on page 3, showing the arrangement
of your equipment. In your account you should pay particular attention to

(a) the procedure to be followed,

(b) the measurements to be taken,

(c) the control of variables,

(d) the analysis of the data,

(e) the safety precautions to be taken.

[15]

© UCLES 2011 9702/52/M/J/11

 3

Diagram For
Examiner’s
Use

> Meter Rule

#
-

set square
P is
independent variable or
vary P and is dependent q
........................................................................................................................................................
variable or measure &
keeping the horizontal Velocity
........................................................................................................................................................
,

(v) constant
.
........................................................................................................................................................
shown above
set up the
apparatus as in
figure .
........................................................................................................................................................

Drop plumb-line from point B on the sand tray to

........................................................................................................................................................
mark point 0-Use Spirit-level to check if the horizontal
........................................................................................................................................................
horizontal
section
of pipe is . Measure height P
of point
........................................................................................................................................................
B above
point O using
a ruler positioned with set
........................................................................................................................................................
Release
square the ball from
top end of curved pipe
........................................................................................................................................................
-

The ball will roll , fall and land on the sand surface
........................................................................................................................................................
Measure the distance
producing a crater at
point C
........................................................................................................................................................
.

and mark O with a meter

q between point role-
c
........................................................................................................................................................

Repeat the procedure for determining a for two move

........................................................................................................................................................
constant and take their
time
keepingP average a.
........................................................................................................................................................
calculate 9
Repeat the procedure by varying the
........................................................................................................................................................
.

© UCLES 2011 9702/52/M/J/11 [Turn over

 4

Plot a
height P above the same point 0 .
graph
.........................................................................................................................................................
For
Examiner’s
Use
of a on
y-rais against Pon U-axis .
If the
graph
.........................................................................................................................................................
is a
straight line through origin the relationship
.........................................................................................................................................................
,

is valid . The
gradient of the graph gives
.........................................................................................................................................................

grad =

20%
.........................................................................................................................................................
calculate speed using the relation
.........................................................................................................................................................
= v =

(xg
.........................................................................................................................................................
=> V =
/gradx 9/2
.........................................................................................................................................................
Release the ball
ensuring point of release is above
.........................................................................................................................................................
POMTO-Use Spirit level to ensure that the
.........................................................................................................................................................

stright section of horizontal pipe is horizontal

.
.........................................................................................................................................................
metal ball so that the
Use
heavy sphere AN
.........................................................................................................................................................
resistance become
negilibile .
Measure the
.........................................................................................................................................................
distance of from poit mak o to the center
.........................................................................................................................................................
Place box to store the balls
of crater a
.........................................................................................................................................................
-

or sand box to prevent the balls rolling

.........................................................................................................................................................
over the floor .
Wear safety goggles or use
.........................................................................................................................................................

safety screen to prevent any injury caused by

.........................................................................................................................................................
the ball
.........................................................................................................................................................
.

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

Defining the Methods of Method of Safety Additional

For problem data collection analysis considerations detail
Examiner’s
Use

© UCLES 2011 9702/52/M/J/11

 2

1 A hammer is often used to force a nail into wood. The faster the hammer moves, the deeper For
the nail moves into the wood. Examiner’s
Use

This can be represented in a laboratory by a mass falling vertically onto a nail.

It is suggested that the depth d of the nail in the wood (see Fig. 1.1) is related to the
velocity v of the mass at the instant it hits the nail by the equation

d = kv n

where k and n are constants.

nail

d
wood

Fig. 1.1

Design a laboratory experiment to investigate the relationship between v and d so as to

determine a value for n. You should draw a diagram showing the arrangement of your
equipment. In your account you should pay particular attention to

(a) the procedure to be followed,

(b) the measurements to be taken,

(c) the control of variables,

(d) the analysis of the data,

(e) the safety precautions to be taken.

[15]

© UCLES 2010 9702/51/M/J/10

 3

Diagram For
Examiner’s
n = 0 Use

s = h

a = 9 .
81ms"
V -
42
299 =

#
v
2gh =
-

V= J2gh
T
I --

Asih
- >

- -

-
=

V= J 1962h

v is the
independent variable and d is the dependent
.........................................................................................................................................................
the mass
variable
keeping falling outo the mail constant
.........................................................................................................................................................
.

Also use the wood

same type of
throughout the
exper-
.........................................................................................................................................................
iment
.
.........................................................................................................................................................
set up the apparatus as shown in
figure. Measure the
.........................................................................................................................................................

height 'h' of block above the nail and drop it such

.........................................................................................................................................................
that it falls
right onto the head of nail. use vertical
.........................................................................................................................................................

guide for nail so that it goes shaight into the wood

.........................................................................................................................................................
when hit
by the block Determine the velocity of the
.
.........................................................................................................................................................
block v2-4 =
using relation 2gh with U = 0 & g = 9 81ms .
-"
.

......................................................................................................................................................... -

measure the
depth'd'penetrated by the mail the
=> V= J2gh
using
.........................................................................................................................................................
the procedure for
depth garage of Vernice caliper .
Repeat
.........................................................................................................................................................
same value
of h and Obtain'd' for atleast one more
.........................................................................................................................................................
- Now block
time and take
areeage drop the from a
.........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2010 9702/51/M/J/10 [Turn over

 4

different height to
vacy'h' and repeat the above pro-
.........................................................................................................................................................
For
Examiner’s
Use
cedure to obtain 6-sets of
readings of 1 and d .
.........................................................................................................................................................
Calculate
(gV and
Led and plot a graph of
.........................................................................................................................................................
Vs KUN Lod
Lgd (gv . = d

I
.........................................................................................................................................................
=

(gd 1gk + n(gv

.........................................................................................................................................................
=

If the graph is a straight line then

.........................................................................................................................................................
the relationship is valid , with
.........................................................................................................................................................

y-intercept =
Igk and
gradient = n
.........................................................................................................................................................
which equal to the
determine n is
gradient of graph
.........................................................................................................................................................
.

.........................................................................................................................................................
different part of wood
Always use a new
for each
.........................................................................................................................................................

reading of - Mark the position

of mail using its
.........................................................................................................................................................

pointed tip so that it goes into the wood and then

.........................................................................................................................................................

safely pull it out to measure d . Use nails of same

.........................................................................................................................................................
diameter , mas and
length if a new nail is to be
.........................................................................................................................................................
used due to its deformation in trial When
any
.........................................................................................................................................................
-

'h' ruler ,
measuring using use
setsquare to make
.........................................................................................................................................................
that the ruler is vertical To prevent
sore
injury
.........................................................................................................................................................
.

from feeling mass ,

keep hands and feet away from the
.........................................................................................................................................................
Use nail
its fall puller to remove nails from
way of
.........................................................................................................................................................
.

the block with ease .

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

Defining the Methods of Method of Safety Additional

For problem data collection analysis considerations detail
Examiner’s
Use

© UCLES 2010 9702/51/M/J/10

 2

1 A student wishes to determine the Young modulus E of wood from the period of oscillation of For
a loaded wooden rule, as shown in Fig. 1.1. Examiner’s
Use

fixed end
load

Fig. 1.1

An equation relating the period of oscillation T to the overhanging length l of the rule is

kl 3
T2 = .
E

The constant k is given by

16π 2M
k=
wd 3

where M is the mass of the load, w is the width of the rule and d is the thickness of the rule.

Design a laboratory experiment to determine the Young modulus of wood. You should draw
a diagram showing the arrangement of your equipment. In your account, you should pay
particular attention to

(a) the procedure to be followed,

(b) the measurements to be taken,

(c) the control of variables,

(d) how to analyse the data,

(e) how to determine E,

(f) the safety precautions to be taken.

[15]

© UCLES 2009 9702/05/M/J/09

 3

Diagram For
Examiner’s
Use

·
T

vary'l' and determine T for each value

of
e
........................................................................................................................................................
Also use voler
keeping
M constant -
having uniform
........................................................................................................................................................
width '' and thickness'd'
along the length keep
to
........................................................................................................................................................
I' and 'd'constant ·
Use vennies
caliper to measure
........................................................................................................................................................
the width 'I' and micrometer to measure the thickness
........................................................................................................................................................
at various positions and determine average I and to
........................................................................................................................................................
Use
G-clamp to firmly position one end of the wooden
........................................................................................................................................................
role to the bench .
Now measure the mass
of Load
........................................................................................................................................................
the
Top-pan balance . The mass 'M' should be
using
........................................................................................................................................................

large enough to produce sizable oscillations in wooden

........................................................................................................................................................
role-secre the load to the role
using plastic thepe .
........................................................................................................................................................
Record the 'l' Of the role from the
overhanging length
........................................................................................................................................................
center of Load to the fixed point at G-clamp.
........................................................................................................................................................
set the wooden rule oscillations the amplitude
into
keeping
........................................................................................................................................................
small , I

© UCLES 2009 9702/05/M/J/09 [Turn over

 4

oscillation and then

Ignore the first few unsteady
........................................................................................................................................................
For
Examiner’s
Use
record the time ruler takes for 10 oscillations the
using
........................................................................................................................................................
stop-watch
........................................................................................................................................................
and
Repeat the
timing for same
length'' take
average
........................................................................................................................................................
use a thin-pin pointer , positioned close to the
equil-
........................................................................................................................................................
ibrium position of Load as fiducial marker so that
........................................................................................................................................................
oscillations be timed
may with ease of
starting and
........................................................................................................................................................

stopping .
Calculate period of oscillations
using
........................................................................................................................................................
Period (i) time for Oscillations
-
reage 10
........................................................................................................................................................
10
........................................................................................................................................................
Now
change the position of load on ruler or end
........................................................................................................................................................
point of roler in G-clamp to vary the length's'
........................................................................................................................................................
and repeat the above procedure to obtain 6-sets of
........................................................................................................................................................
Period (T) (1) .
readings of against overhanging length
........................................................................................................................................................
L and
T2/s2
Calculate T" and plot

t
........................................................................................................................................................
!"
a
graph of T against
........................................................................................................................................................
If the graph is a
straight line
........................................................................................................................................................
through origin the relationship , L/XIm
........................................................................................................................................................
T2 23 one
vi

M
= is
........................................................................................................................................................
with gradient of the graph equal
........................................................................................................................................................
to Determine
gradient
M gradientof
: =
........................................................................................................................................................
.

graph .

........................................................................................................................................................
use the
gradient of the graph to determine the
........................................................................................................................................................
value Modules. as
of young's
........................................................................................................................................................
E = M
........................................................................................................................................................
cod gradient .
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2009 9702/05/M/J/09

 2 For
Examiner’s
Use
1 It is useful to know how the speed of an object is affected by its size when it moves through
liquid in a confined space. In a laboratory this can be modelled by dropping small steel balls
through oil.

It is suggested that the terminal velocity v is related to the radius r of a steel ball by the
equation
v = kr 2 (gv =
lgk + 2 LgV
where k is a constant.
mc
y = c +

Design a laboratory experiment to investigate whether v is related to r as indicated in the

above equation. You should draw a diagram showing the arrangement of your equipment. In
your account you should pay particular attention to

(a) the procedure to be followed,

i
(b) how the radius of the steel ball would be measured,

(c) how the terminal velocity of the steel ball in oil would be measured,

(d) the control of variables,

↳
(e) how the data would be analysed,

(f) any safety precautions that you would take.

[15]

© UCLES 2007 9702/05/M/J/07

 3 For
Examiner’s
Use
Diagram

#
Electro magnet
-
I/
=

* steel ball
- > -

long transparent containe

contaiing
·

Oil-
-

Band 1 (stop-watch
MI L
- streets)

Band 2
(stop-watch
-

stops)
/
.

radius v'
independent V
·
and velo
ty
is the variable
........................................................................................................................................................
is the
dependent variable
Density of the oil will be
........................................................................................................................................................

kept constant by keeping its temperatin constant .

........................................................................................................................................................
The distance fallen
by metal spheres between two
........................................................................................................................................................
markers will be kept constant throughout.
........................................................................................................................................................
Measure the diameter
of metal sphere using
microme-
........................................................................................................................................................
ter screw
gauge Repeat by holding the ball from
........................................................................................................................................................
-

positions between the jaws and calculate

different
........................................................................................................................................................
the
average diameter Calculate the radios v of the
........................................................................................................................................................
-

steel ball -= deter . Measure the distance's

using
........................................................................................................................................................
2
between the two rubber-band mackers M1 and M2
........................................................................................................................................................
meter role Now release the
on the
glass tube using
.
........................................................................................................................................................
steel ball a little distance above the surface - start
........................................................................................................................................................
the when the steel ball passer marker M 1 and
stop-watch
........................................................................................................................................................
ML and record
stop stopwatch
the when
passes marker
........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2007 9702/05/M/J/07 [Turn over

 4 For
Examiner’s
the time t .
Now retrieve the steel ball from the tube Use
........................................................................................................................................................
and repeat the procedure after
using magnet cleaning
........................................................................................................................................................

up the ball and take average Calculate -

Using V
=
........................................................................................................................................................
calculate v2- Now repeat the entire procedure
........................................................................................................................................................

using steel balls of different diameters to obtain six

........................................................................................................................................................

↑
sets of readings of U and V
........................................................................................................................................................
.

plot
graph v
against 22-
a
of
........................................................................................................................................................
If the graph is a
straight
line
........................................................................................................................................................

through the
origin , the relationship is
........................................................................................................................................................
correct . The
gradient of graph gives K .
........................................................................................................................................................
Wash and dry the steel balls before using to
........................................................................................................................................................

any dirst their surfaces Allow oil to

remove on -
........................................................................................................................................................
stand up to remove ai-bubble in oil. Place
any
........................................................................................................................................................
the first rubber hand mark M1 well below the surface
........................................................................................................................................................

of oil in order for steel bast to attain terminal velocity

........................................................................................................................................................
.

use
long transparent trobe and clean oil to observe
........................................................................................................................................................
the sphere
falling The distance between the two
........................................................................................................................................................
-

markers M1 and M2 should be to reduce the

Large
........................................................................................................................................................

percentage uncertainty in values of t and

U-Mop up
........................................................................................................................................................
Use wider tube so that the
any
oil spilled -

edges
........................................................................................................................................................

of the ball do not touch the walls of tube.

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© UCLES 2007 9702/05/M/J/07

 2

1 A student is investigating the reflection of light from a compact disc (CD), as shown in Fig. 1.1.

screen
light
h

CD

Fig. 1.1

The student observes on the screen a pattern of maxima and minima which is similar to that
produced by a diffraction grating. The distance h is measured to one of the maxima.

It is suggested that the relationship between h and the wavelength λ of the incident light is
nλ + B
h=
d
where n is the order of the maximum and d and B are constants.

Design a laboratory experiment to test the relationship between h and λ.

Explain how your results could be used to determine values for d and B.

You should draw a diagram, on page 3, showing the arrangement of your equipment. In your
account you should pay particular attention to

• the procedure to be followed,

• the measurements to be taken,

• the control of variables,

• the analysis of the data,

• any safety precautions to be taken.

© UCLES 2018 9702/52/M/J/18

 3

a
menmewati
Diagram
Laser Light
source

↑A
·
Protractor to

eI
II
-

keep the
-

-
#
-
angle constant
&

- /

**************
-

-
-

-
- E

#I
i distance's
same
-

i
- Mirror
stand

n =
.

3 To find the X of
source

N
.

x dSiO
stand throug hout
: =

i
.

Oz x = d Sino
oth Max = °

screen
*
***
diffraction grating
i is the
independent variable and h is the
dependent
..................................................................................................................................................................
variable where
angle of incidence of light falling on CD
..................................................................................................................................................................
to be
kept constant.
..................................................................................................................................................................
To determine the
wavelength of laser light used , shine it
..................................................................................................................................................................

normally on a diffraction grating

and observe the
fringes on
..................................................................................................................................................................
circular salen Measure the o ut order Maxima
-

angle of
..................................................................................................................................................................
Note down the number of lines per meter 'N' drawn
using protractor -

..................................................................................................................................................................
Label and use equation
on diffraction
grating from its x = L sino
..................................................................................................................................................................
N
or 1
=** SO to calculate the
wavelengths of all source to
..................................................................................................................................................................
be used -

..................................................................................................................................................................
Now shine one
of the laser Light source at CD as shown
..................................................................................................................................................................
in
figure and observe the maximas on the screen .

Identify
..................................................................................................................................................................
and and
the
brightes widest
fringe as oth maxima measure
..................................................................................................................................................................
the
height of any one order (n) maxima using the meter role
..................................................................................................................................................................
placed close to the screen Measure the -

height from the

..................................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2018 9702/52/M/J/18 [Turn over

 4

bench to the center of Maxima -

Repeat the procedure for

..................................................................................................................................................................
and obtain h for
six different
ravelengths of Laser lights
..................................................................................................................................................................
each
wavelength and for same same number of order (v)
..................................................................................................................................................................
on screen . Also
keep the distance of the source and screen
..................................................................................................................................................................
from CD constant /M

-
..................................................................................................................................................................
-

Plot
graph of h(y-anis) against X(u-anis)
-
a
..................................................................................................................................................................
and calculate its
gradient .
..................................................................................................................................................................
If the graph is a straight line with
..................................................................................................................................................................
: (xiom
relationship .
valid
some y-intercep , the is
..................................................................................................................................................................
/d =
H
i
The
gradient of graph =
d = and
..................................................................................................................................................................
- -

gradient
B Determine d and B.
=
y-intercept .
..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................
Laser used it is intense and well collimated.
Light was as
..................................................................................................................................................................
wean dark
goggles to protect eyes from intense light
..................................................................................................................................................................
.

clean CD , free from scratches and

use perform the
..................................................................................................................................................................
dark
experiment in a room
.
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© UCLES 2018 9702/52/M/J/18