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CAMARINES NORTE SCHOOL OF LAW, ARTS, AND SCIENCES

COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
ITOMANG, TALISAY, CAMARINES NORTE

CRIMINOLOGY 4

PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
AND ETHICAL STANDARDS
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TABLE OF CONTENT

*DO OTHER PROFESSION

EXPERIENCE
THE MORAL DILEMMA OF
GRATUITY ---------------------------- 4

*POLICE BRUTALITY AND

ABUSE OF AUTHORITY

CHAPTER 5: POLICE COMMUNITY RELATION

*COMPONENTS OF
COMMUNITY POLICING - ------------------------- - 5

*STEPS TO INFLUENCE
INDIVIDUALS TO JOIN - ----------- ----------- ---- 6
PNP PROGRAMS

*ACTIVITIES IN COMMUNITY
POLICING
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - 7
*TWO WAYS OF COMMUNITY
INTERACTION

*IMPORTANT BASIC PRINCIPLES ---------------------------- 8

OF COMMUNITY POLICING

*THE PNP REVISED PCR MASTER PLAN - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - 10

*EVOLUTION OF PCR POLICY PLANS - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - - - - - - - - - 12

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*DOCTRINE OF RECIPROCAL
RESPONSIBILITY
- - -- - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - - 13
*THE PCR TEAM

*THE ATTRIBUTES OF PCR MAN - - -- - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - - 14

*THE HOUSE VISIT OR NEIGHBORHOOD

PARTNERSHIP - - -- - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - - 15
*GOOD GROOMING AND DRESSING

*PUBLIC INFORMATION
- - -- - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - - 16
*MULTI-MEDIA RELATION

*RELEASING INFORMATION - - -- - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - - - 17
TO THE MEDIA

*COMMUNITY AFFAIRS DIVISION - - -- - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - - 18

*INFORMATION OPERATIONS
RESEARCH CENTER - - -- - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - - 19

*FUNDAMENTALS IN INFORMATION
OPERATION

*FUNCTIONS OF SALAAM POLICE - - -- - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - - 21

CENTER AND
COUNTER-RADICALIZATION

* BARANGAY PEACEKEEPING
PCR OPERATIONS
- - -- - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - - 22
*PCR'S APPROACH IN INTERNAL
SECURITY OPERATION

* SECURING COMMUNITIES - - -- - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - - 23
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DO OTHER PROFESSION EXPERIENCE THE MORAL DILEMMA

OF GRATUITY?

- Gratuities are often considered unethical in certain professions, such as those of judges and
teachers, as they may influence their decisions. However, doctors and lawyers do not have strong
ethical restrictions on gift-giving or gratuities.

- Gifts can be more problematic when involving discretionary judgment about a clientele, such as
teachers receiving gifts from students.

- The ethical implications of gifts depend on whether one's occupation involves making judgments.

Example: Some people feel that it is wrong for the police to accept gifts or favor from business or
anyone else

POLICE BRUTALITY AND ABUSE OF AUTHORITY

- Police brutality is a controversial issue that has been a major irritant between the Philippine
National Police (PNP) and the general public.

- The definition of unnecessary or excessive force is ambiguous, and the decision to cease applying
force is difficult. People disagree over the amount of force to be applied and the type of force
used.

- Force can be seen as a continuum ranging from threats to the use of deadly force, such as
shooting a suspect.

- Citizen complaints about brutality are often based on the threat end rather than the end of the
continuum that includes the use of deadly force.

- In summary, police brutality is a complex issue that requires a balance between the use of force
and the appropriate use of authority.

- Police brutality often involves nonphysical affronts to citizens, with definitional regulation and
imperative regulation being the most common forms of intervention.

- Officers perceived as most skilled in handling conflict situations are more confrontational and
verbally forceful.

- Voice command is an effective tool for apprehending suspects. Much of this brutality may be
bullying by police officers, who feel threatened and do not appreciate their menacing attitude.
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CHAPTER 5

POLICE COMMUNITY RELATIONS

Police Community Relations is a global policing system that is viewed as a form of diplomacy,
allowing police to interact with the community to prevent crimes, ensure public safety, and maintain
peace. Officers have narrowly defined objectives and are constantly revised and interpreted. Despite
the urgency of their duties, the public often perceives police as intuitive. The Philippine National Police
is reinventing the system to regain public support and trust, implementing to regain public trust. This
approach aims to improve the perception of police as a diplomatic force.

Community Policing

Community policing is a philosophy that encourages organizational tactics that support the systematic
use of partnerships and problem-solving methods to proactively address the current and underlying
causes of public safety concerns like crime, social disorder, and fear of crime.

Components of Community Policing

1. Community Partnerships

Partnerships in which law enforcement authorities’ work together with the people and organizations
they serve to solve problems and boost public confidence in the police;

• Other Government Agencies;

• Community Members/Groups;
Nonprofits/Service Providers;
• Private Businesses; and,
Media.

2. Organizational Transformation

Alignment of organizational management, structure, staff, and information systems to facilitate

community collaborations and proactive problem-solving.
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3. Problem Solving
The proactive and methodical analysis of highlighted problems in order to design and carefully
evaluate appropriate solutions.

Sir Robert Peel, the Father of Modern Policing and Founder of the British Police system, emphasized
the concept of Community Policing, which emphasizes self-policing, preventing harm, and promoting
civil interaction among community members. This approach requires members to adhere to specific
norms or share common values and ambitions to maintain orderly interactions.

Steps to Influence Individuals to Join PNP Programs

For a common cause, the following basic steps may be implemented to attract the citizens to
join police community activities;

1. Forging Relationship

Establishing credibility and dependability of information transmission requires building

trust and confidence through personal and professional relationships.

2. Use of information

Public information significantly enhances understanding and knowledge, shaping

perceptions of facts. The credibility and correctness of information significantly influence
perception when multiple facts combine, creating a view that something is likely true or an
event is inevitable.

3. Shaping perceptions and influencing their thoughts

The effective utilization of information in the environment results in an educational and

illuminating process that influences the receiver's decision-making and takes center stage in
their consciousness.

4. Community organization and mobilization

Due to a decrease in resistance from community members or a lack of resistance,

perceptions of law enforcement actions are favorable. This promotes organized groupings for
the welfare and harmony of the community. Community policing requires public support, yet
even minimal support from citizens is enough for law enforcement to operate in a hostile
environment. For a community to function harmoniously, participation in policing operations is
essential.
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Activities in Community Policing

Community Policing is a system that strengthens and unifies community contact while connecting
and bonding the police to it. Information is shared quickly thanks to established police community
relations. Everyone in the community is friendly with one another, confides in and trusts one another,
and is confidence in the police's ability to maintain order and make the neighborhood safer.

Policing the community can be done through three (3) types of activities:

1. Patrol activities. These activities are conducted so that police and its auxiliaries can be seen
and felt by the community. This can be accomplished with patrolling combined with other patrol
related activities.
 traffic direction and control
 fixed and mobile checkpoints
 standing and watch duties
 beat patrol duties

2. Organizational work. Community policing cannot be undertaken solely by the police. It will
need the help of various sectors in the community. The following organizations are material in
the upkeep of peace and order and public safety activities:
 Barangay Peacekeeping Action Teams (BPATS)
 Anti-Drug Councils and Movements
 Council of Elders
 Radio and Social Networking Clubs
 Fire and Disaster Brigades
 Livelihood Cooperatives
 Sports Club
 Skills Development Club

3. Community Interaction. It is an indispensable tool in bringing the police closer to the people.
This requires the police to be visible in the community and make its presence physically felt.

Two Ways of Community Interaction

1. Area Visit. The community or area visit is conducted for several specific purposes and is
designed to attain the following objectives using an 8-man team composition:

 Police visibility to neutralize or drive out a larger group of insurgents or criminal gangs in the
community.
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 Conduct peripheral visit and forge relationships with the people in the area by conducting
interpersonal dialogue, establish rapport and offer friendship.

 Educate the people in the community about the recent news that may capture their interest and
important laws that may affect their lives.

2. House Visit. It is an interpersonal interaction that brings the police closer to the communities,
connects the police with the public, inform the community of various matters that affect their
lives.

IMPORTANT BASIC PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNITY POLICING

The foundation of the Basic Principles of Community Policing is laid by Edward Davies, the
California's chief of police, and Sir Robert Peel, the man who established the British police system.

1. Prevention of crime is the basic mission of the police

The primary mission of the police is to prevent crime and ensure a peaceful and orderly community
interaction without the necessity of resulting in a military intervention to repress crime and severity
of legal punishment. In order to prevent conflict from arising in the environment and so guarantee
public order and safety, it is necessary to uphold laws and regulations, protect people and property,
and preserve peace and order.

2. Police must be respected by the community

The public's acceptance of police existence, activities, and behavior, as well as the police's capacity
to win and keep the public's respect, are all necessary for the police to be able to carry out their
tasks. Therefore, no police officer can function in a hostile setting.

3. A citizen’s respect for law develops his respect for the police
The police must secure the cooperation of the public in voluntary observance of the law to be able
to secure and maintain the respect and approval of the public. The police must make a determined
and conscious effort to persuade the public of the importance of counseling or, at the very least,
persuading every citizen not to break the law or tolerating those who do.

4. Cooperation of the public decreases as the use of force increases

The level of public cooperation that can be attained reduces the need for the proportionate use of
physical force and coercion in achieving police objectives. An officer with the ability to firmly but
pleasantly solicit the cooperation of individual or groups can frequently accomplish, through their
cooperation, what it might take scores of officers to accomplish through the use of a hard approach
to the situation.
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5. The police must render impartial enforcement of the law

By consistently displaying their unbiased service to the law, rather than reaching out to public
opinion, the police seek and maintain public favor. This is accomplished by readily extending
friendship and assistance to all members of society, regardless of their race or social standing, by
readily demonstrating politeness and good humor, and by readily making personal sacrifices in order
to defend and preserve life.

6. Physical force is used only as a last resort

Police should use physical force to enforce laws or maintain order when persuasion, advice, and
warning are insufficient for achieving police objectives. The police should use only the minimum
degree of physical force which is necessary on any particular occasion for achieving a police
objective.

7. The police are the public, and the public are the police
The police at all times should maintain a relationship with the public that gives reality to the historic
tradition that the police are the public and the public are the police. Only the police are paid to
devote their entire time to doing tasks that are required of every citizen in the interest of the
wellbeing of the community.

8. Police represent the law

The police should never seem to overstep the authority of the judiciary by taking revenge on people
or the state, making authoritative determinations of guilt, or punishing the guilty; instead, they
should always keep their acts strictly within the scope of their duties.

9. The absence of crime and disorder is the test of police efficiency

The absence of crime and disorder, not the obvious results of police action in addressing them, is
the true measure of a police force's effectiveness.
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THE PNP REVISED PCR MASTER PLAN

The PNP Revised PCR Master Plan aims to enhance the capacity and skills of its members to
become catalysts, community organizers, and PCR practitioners in the PNP transformation plan.

TWO PRONG STRATEGY OF THE REVISED PCR MASTER PLAN

A. INTERNAL TARGET

1. Integrated Transformation Program

The PNP Integrated Transformation program aims to transform the PNP by implementing a
comprehensive approach to its institutional framework, policies, system, structures, and procedures.

Example:
The Transformation Program is now being. Implemented in order to resolve organizational
dysfunctions and improve the quality of police.

2. Capability Building and Advocacy Program

The capability building and advocacy program aims to develop lower commanders and chief of
police as organizing catalysts by internalizing the community-oriented Policing System (COPS)
philosophy. Activities include PCR/COPS skills development, republic information officer courses,
writing seminars, radio reporting, and social ethics, photography, and disaster management training.

3. Economic Welfare Development Program

Activities cater to PNP personnel's needs through cooperative development, livelihood skills
seminars, police entrepreneurship, productivity projects, day care centers, and PNP cooperatives in
various police units.

Ex.
People's living standards are also influenced by factors such as levels of health care, and
environmental factors, such as congestion and pollution. These quality of life factors are important
in determining economic welfare.

4. Socio-Cultural Education, Health, Sports, Environment and other programs.

PNP personnel engage in self-actualizing activities like school grants, special training, sports,
religious and health programs to develop positive work behavior.
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B. EXTERNAL TARGETS

1. Service Oriented Program

The PNP, under RA 8551, is a Community and Service-Oriented Agency providing services like
security, maritime, road safety, and public safety, with ongoing projects like PNP Text 2920,
emergency response, and environmental protection.

2. Public Community Safety Program

Crime prevention activities ensure security, community protection, and public safety through
church-based programs, family visits, house visits, IEC materials, peace agreements, dispute
settlement, and increasing accident prevention awareness through BPAT activities.

3. Institutional Development Support Program

Activities focus on networking, establishing connections, coordinating with government

agencies, and generating community support for PNP programs to support national, economic, and
political objectives.

4. Community Information/Education Program

The activities aim to disseminate relevant information, improve community image, and support
PNP activities, using media to deter criminals from continuing anti-social behavior or criminal
activities.

5. Economic Welfare Development Program

Activities aim to provide an alternative income source through livelihood skills development,
cooperative projects, and training, coordinating with government agencies/institutions, improving
community quality of life and aiding poverty alleviation programs.

The programs for External Targets aim to satisfy the community, change their perception of
the PNP, and encourage them to work and become partners in its anti-crime and development
programs.
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EVOLUTION OF PCR POLICY PLANS

1. Organizational Plan ‘’SAMBAYAN’’

> This Organization plan aims to generate community partnerships and forge a united front for the
promotion of peace and order.
> Its purpose is to coordinate and integrate all connected activities within the PNP, LGU, various
different groups, and people's organization by bringing all individual unit efforts under one umbrella.

2. Information Plan ‘’SANTINIG’’

> This plan aimed at the development of a favorable public attitude towards the government and
the deepening of the public appreciation to the growing political, social, and economic dimension of
national security.

3. LOI 22/09 ‘’BAYANIHAN’’ (Barangay Peacekeeping Operational)

> Executive Order NO. 546 authorizes the PNP to deputize the barangay tanod as force multiplier in
the implementation of the peace and order plan subject to the concurrence of the appropriate Local
Chief Executive through the Local Peace and Order Council (LPOC)

PRC in Community Oriented Policing Systems (COPS)

A key ingredients in COPS in Police Community Relations (PCR) with COPS, the PNP makes the
rest effort to capture the public’s sentiment, trusts, and confidence. This will appear specifically in
the formation of neighborhood watch groups that support police operations.

The following are:

> COPS compasses the essentials of sustaining community involvement

> Commitment
> Internalization of philosophy and values
>Training
>High-visibility
> Continuous dialogue and interaction with all partners
> Openness /Transparency
> Innovation
> Evaluation/ assessment and action
> Identification and documents of success variables
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Doctrine of Reciprocal Responsibility

This requires the PNP and the public work together toward the attainment of the healthy and
peaceful environment. The police on their own cannot effectively prevent and control crimes.

To ensure the success of COPS, the community must be viewed as the stakeholders. Ideally,
crime is everybody’s business. However, some citizen are not aware of this responsibility. The
community must help in eradicating the causes of criminality as follows;

> Poverty
> Ignorance
> Injustice /Abuses
> Soft state/indiscipline
> Fear
> Lost family values
> Violence
> Urban Migration
> Over population
> Unemployment

THE PCR TEAM

THE PCR TEAM COMPOSITION

The PCR Team, which also serves as Beat Patrol Officer, is composed of a two-person field
operator, normally a veteran and a rookie policeman. Their main function is to assist the MPS /CPS
in conducting community policing. The PCR team performs the following police activities.

1. PATROL THE BEAT. The team conducts patrols, checking alleys, abandoned houses, and
surrounding abnormalities, communicating with people, and preventing potential threats to
peace and order.

Explanation: Patrol the beat. Sinusurveillance nila bawat sulok ng lugar para mapanatili ang
kaayusan ng bayan para hindi lumaganap ang krimen

2. CONDUCT OF HOUSE VISIT. A house visit aims to establish a relationship, gather

information about the household's status, occupants, community issues, and police assistance.
A veteran member conducts questioning, while a rookie serves as security.

Explanation: Conduct of house visit. Is nag sasagawa sila ng survey questionnaire sa mga
bahay upang maka hanap sila ng sagot kung meron bang mga gulo or mga krimen sa lugar.
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3. ORGANIZE AND MOBILIZE PEOPLE. PCR teams conduct unique area and house visits for
community mobilization and intervention, all part of community policing

Explanation: Organize and Mobilize people. Ang PCR ay nag sasagawa sila ng pag visita sa mga
lugar katulad ng purok,bayan, liblib na lugar island villages para sa pag papakilos ng
interbasyon ng komunidad

THE ATTRIBUTES OF A PCR MAN

The PCR Man is a respected role model in the community, demonstrating respect for
laws and cooperation. He impartially enforces the law, ensuring crime and disorder. To
command this perception, he must display certain attributes.

HE IS THE FATHER OF ALL THE KIDS. The PCR operator should show concern for
children in the street, guiding them in school, avoiding cut classes, and offering assistance
when abused. When kids cannot find an ally, the police should intervene before seeking support
from peers or street gangs.

HE IS A FRIEND TO THE WORKING ADULTS. The neighborhood police are a reliable

ally for working adults who leave their homes unattended, ensuring proper security for children
and elderly, and assisting them with necessary assistance from appropriate agencies.

HE IS THE LOVING SON OF THE ELDERLY. The policeman, a loving son of the
elderly, visits those in need, including the sick and those living alone. He ensures government
agencies like DSWD are meeting their needs, providing food, medical care, and activities like
joy rides or walks.

The Area Visit

The area visit is a form of a patrol to be conducted jointly by a two-person team from
concerned police stations with a team from RPSB or PPSC or by maneuver units. Its purpose is
not only to ensure the protection of the barangay or community and its households be visited
but also to check on the following:

- Presence of Anti-Government Movement (AGM) armed component (as embodied

in Campaign Plan Sandugo).
- Presence of Organized Gangs and other criminal elements (Campaign Plan
Sandigan).
- Indicators of clandestine prohibited drug laboratory and trafficking (Oplan
Sambanat).
- Indicators of flood and erosion potentials (Saklolo).
- Illegal logging quarrying and poaching of wild animals (Sangyaman).
- Presence of threat groups and private armed groups (PAGS) (Sang-ingat).
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THE HOUSE VISIT OR NEIGHBORHOOD PARTNERSHIP

Enhances security by fostering familiarity with neighbors' names, faces, children,

vehicles, and living habits. Police discourage unwarranted prying and encourage residents to
understand their daily routines. Officers introduce themselves to residents, asking about problems
with crime or anti-social behavior. Community members provide crime prevention advice and allow
residents to speak directly to the police on concerns. This information is used to determine crime-
solving priorities for local police teams.

GOOD GROOMING AND DRESSING

Are crucial for public servants, as it builds self-confidence and earns respect. Proper
uniform and grooming are essential for police officers, as they can be easily identified by their
distinctive uniform. This helps citizens feel relieved and discourages criminal behavior. A police officer
wearing a snappy uniform commands respect and obedience from citizens. Police officers should
wear civilian attire for safety and to avoid a negative impression of free public transport. Off-duty
attire is not defined, but appropriate attire is encouraged. On duty, PNP personnel must wear the
prescribed uniform.

1. PROPER WEARING OF UNIFORM AND GROOMING

The majority of individuals can recognize a police officer by their official clothing. Most people
breathe a sigh of relief when they see a police officer in a recognizable uniform when they are stuck
and in need of assistance on a busy street. Most drivers—if not all—willingly surrender to and follow
the hand instructions of a police officer wearing the right attire. When they see a police officer in
uniform in the neighborhood, criminals typically stop acting illegally. When doing their duties, a police
officer with a sharp outfit commands the utmost respect and obedience from the populace.

2. ATTIRE OF POLICE OFFICERS WHILE USING PUBLIC TRANSPORT

For practical and safety reasons, police officers are encouraged to wear civilian attire while
riding public transport. This will also dispel a bad impression or notion that the Police Officer is riding
for free (Badge or Tsapa system).

OFF-DUTY ATTIRE: While there isn't a set dress code for police officers when they're not on
duty, it is generally recommended that they dress appropriately for the situation. Each and every
police officer must remember that "The clothes make the man..."

OFFICE DRESS CODE: All PNP personnel shall wear the prescribed uniform while on duty as
required by the situation.
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PUBLIC INFORMATION
Public information (PI) is one of the key elements of police community relations. It covers the
information that pertains to document, memoranda and informative materials for public consumption
and also can be in the form of multi-media such as TV, radio and internet. Also, the PNP’s public
information efforts to provide the internal and external audience with accurate information about
agency program and projects and for some is to address the information to the community and the
police and to clarify issues relevant to the PNP.
In any event, every law enforcement officer must be equipped with the knowledge and information
to effectively respond to the challenges of the fast and growing information and communication.
Above all, effective communication is a necessary skill for every PNP personnel to attain the
organization’s overall vision.

PUBLIC INFORMATION AND PERCEPTION MANAGEMENT

Public information refers to information gathered by government levels and kept open for
public inspection is often used to inform and educate the public, clarify ambiguous matters, and
shape views. This information can influence public cooperation and support. Organizations often
create management tools to change public perception of their organization in relation to this issue.

Perception management describes as the adoption of a strategy designed to steer or sway

the public's opinions in a direction that is advantageous to the desired outcome. A map of creative
solutions to future problems and challenges can be prepared by the organization if these elements
are handled with the use of an effective strategy.

Sources of Public information

1. Face to Face interaction. This involves the conduct of the following, lectures, seminars,
symposium, “pulong-pulong”, and others.

2. Multi-media. Various media available to the police must be utilized to disseminate information
both to the public and to the police themselves. This includes print, broadcast, and internet.

MULTI-MEDIA RELATIONS

The PNP Media relations activity is consistent with the policy of rational transparency in all police
activities and of upholding the rights of the people to be informed on matters of public interest. It
aims to establish specific guidelines on how every member of the Philippine National Police (PNP)
should deal with members of the media, especially in releasing public information. Also to be mindful
of the importance of good working relationship with the media as a vital component of the
organization’s over-all police community relations programs. However, well conscious of the
restrictions on the release of information.
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RELEASING INFORMATION TO THE MEDIA

INTELLIGENCE INFORMATION. The policy of the PNP to fully cooperate with the media, is also
keep from the press those regarded as active or classified such as criminal information of intelligence
value.

NON-INVESTIGATIVE INFORMATION. Information of a general nature. PNP allows the release

of which is not specific to an on-going.

INVESTIGATIVE INFORMATION. Information that may be released in connection with

investigation of an event of crime includes:

1. Type or nature of an event or crime

2. The location, date and time, injuries sustained, damages and the general description how the
incident occurred
3. Type and quantity of property taken
4. Identity and approximate address of a victim except for sex crime victims.
5. Request for aid in locating evidence, complainant or a suspect.
6. Numbers of offenders involved in an event and the length of investigation
7. Name of the investigator-on-case, his supervisor and division, or unit assignment except the
name of the undercover agent.

On the other hand, there some information may not be released in connection with an investigation
of an event or crime, unless authorized include:

1. The identity of a suspect before arrest unless that information would aid in apprehending the
suspect or serve to warn the public of potential danger;
2. The identity of the victim of the sex crime or any information that could lead to the victim’s
identity.
3. The identity of the victims or witnesses so it could not place the victim in personal danger.
4. The identity of any juvenile who is a suspect or defendant in a case subject.
5. The identity of any critically injured or deceased person before notification of next of kin
6. The result of any investigative procedure such as lineups, polygraph test, fingerprint comparison,
ballistic test etc.
7. Information which, if prematurely released, may interfere in investigation such as natural leads
specific on modus operandi, details of crime known only of the perpetrator and police, or any
information that may cause the to flee.
8. Information that be of evidentiary value in criminal proceeding
9. Specific cause of death unless officially determined by medical examiner.
10. Any information leading to a home address and telephone number.
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DEALING WITH BAD NEWS

Principles in dealing with bad news for senior officials

1. Accept without rancor ( or false hope changing ) the adversarial relations which exist between
the press and law enforcement agencies
2. Institutionalize that acceptance by not permitting overreaction to bad news.
3. Protect the credibility of the PIO or unit / departments spokesperson ( and through them the
organization ) by alerting them to the bad news before it appears in the press.
4. Allow the PIO/spokesperson the latitude to limit the badness of the news.
5. Specifically; authorize the PIO to reveal the bad news along with the good
6. Adopt a defensive attitude be responding to queries only, or worse yet simply ignoring a
problem and hoping it will go away is a leadership failure it usually doesn't go away
7. Bad news doesn't smell better the older it gets.

COMMUNITY AFFAIRS DIVISION

The Community Affairs Division is a significant part of police community relations. Its function
is to organize the different community sectors in forging a united front against crime, terrorism,
insurgency and other forms of lawlessness, mobilize communities in ensuring public safety and create
an environment conducive to safer and harmonious interactions.

FUNCTIONAL SECTIONS OF THE COMMUNITY AFFAIRS DIVISION

1. Community Organizing. A process by which people are brought together to act in common
self-interest with the end goal of building a changed community by empowering its community
members with the knowledge and skills.

Example: Local residents work together to develop plans or take action on how to have a
regular or daily water supply in their barangay to maintain the daily needs of water.

2. Mobilization. Training and mobilization of the chosen core group should immediately be done
to enhance their capabilities and skills in handling not only the problems of the people but of
resisting the odds as well.

Example: Conduct monthly seminars or meetings to easily address the issues or problems inside
the community and to see if there is improvement or if the group enhances their skills within
the time frame. In this way, it is easier to address the problem and think of a way to prevent
it.
 P a g e | 19

3. Community Intervention. It is generally a combination of efforts of the Community

Organizers and some local individuals resulting from continuous communication and evaluation
process to prevent dysfunction and promote Well-being among the residents.
This is where various intervention programs are conducted for healing processes, If a problem
is perceived as a community crisis, then it would require community solution focusing on
community development, capacity building, empowerment and the provision of increased
livelihood programs.

Example: Most of the time, some people always dispose of their garbage everywhere, and it's
not good for their health. Community leaders and local residents should collaborate to avoid
these issues and have healthy lives. An example is making a program such as "proper waste
disposal" to avoid the wrongdoing of not having proper disposal of garbage in the community.

4. Community Safety & Security Assistance. It refers to the measures/actions to be

undertaken to ensure the safety and security of the residents in a certain locality. It is a
collaboration of efforts among individuals aiming to make their daily lives and social choices
without feeling unsafe or fear of becoming a victim of crime. It also involves community
leaders and various agencies working together to address persistent crime problems and
disorder affecting the people in the area.

Example: A program such as seminars for the safety purposes of local residents. Thief is
everywhere; good communication between officials and local residents can make a difference
with good plans on how to prevent such crime and maximize the well-being of residents. So
interventions that might be used to minimize robbery include: (1) installing a security system
in every building or road to make it easier to catch the attackers. (2) A training program or
skills training for everyone for self-defense to keep themselves safe. (3) Barangay officials
should have a daily check-up routine in every purok. (4) Have access to the emergency
numbers of community leaders for easy communication.

INFORMATION OPERATIONS RESEARCH CENTER

The Information Operations (10) as part of the Police Community Relations of the PNP is
relatively new. While some aspects of it had been practiced and continued to be practiced by some
units and police managers, it has not been truly formalized as a comprehensive tool to further police
operations. However, recent experiences in the Philippine setting (to include BALIKATAN) had shown
the importance of IO to the success of field operations including law-enforcement. There is a need,
therefore, to awaken more awareness to use IO as a tool in police operations. This is to say that
each police must imbibe the attitude, skills, and knowledge to pursue an IO effort.
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FUNDAMENTALS IN INFORMATION OPERATION

The Public Information Division of Directorate for Police Community Relations has been
successful in distributing propaganda materials to combat insurgency. However, issues have been
exploited to undermine the CPP's political and ideological activities. The Information Operation and
Research Center of the Directorate (IORC) assists in shortlisting syndicated crimes and
institutionalizing these approaches. Information Operation involves attacking anti-government
organizations' command and control systems while protecting friendly systems from disruptions.
Effective responses combine offensive and defensive effects to produce information superiority in
police or political confrontations, especially in the current global terrorism and neo-subversive
strategies.

INFORMATION

This is defined as a body of data acquired from sources and processed into useful from.
Example: Physical evidence, witnesses and suspect

INFORMATION OPERATIONS

It includes a higher level of knowledge on the consciousness of PNP personnel on the different
aspects of mass media and mass communication in the light of rapid advances in information and
communication technology.
Example:

FORMS OF INFORMATION OPERATION

OFFENSIVE - destroy, degrade, disrupt, deny, deceive, exploit and influence adversary decision
makers who can affect the success of friendly operation.

DEFENSIVE - to protect and defend friendly information command and control

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FUNCTIONS OF SALAAM POLICE CENTER AND COUNTER-

RADICALIZATION

1. Undertake close monitoring, networking and liasing activities with Muslim communities in
addressing terrorism and lawless violence in their respective areas to ensure respect of cultural
diversity and cooperation;
2. Conduct training, seminars and continuing education to the Muslim and Non-Muslin PNP
personnel in terms of radicalization and deradicalization efforts of the PNP to include Muslim
elders, Ulama and Muslim scholars;
3. Conduct information dissemination about Muslim beliefs, culture, and traditions to Non-Muslin
PNP personnel, students from different levels and the tri-media thru dialogues, radio guesting,
school visitations anad flyers distribution to promote harmony and awareness;
4. Serves as coordinating body among the regular PNP operating units, different SALAAM Police
Office in the ground, and AFP units in the conduct of police operations against Muslim
personalities or in Muslim communities including arrest, investigation, and filling of cases to
safeguard the proper implementation of law and observance of human rights;
5. Enhance linkages with the National Commission on Muslim Filipinos and the Muslim-Christian
communities to ensure effective community partnership in addressing terrorist threats and
violence;
6. Strengthening of the Salaam Police Center to operate with autonomy as a separate unit, similar
to the setup of HRAO and WCPC, with appropriate personnel, logistical, and financial capability;
7. Allow the Muslim police officers to wear veil or Hijab, long skirts and pants as well as male police
officers to wear jogging pants during athletics, to hide their aurat (private parts);
8. Increase the number of police personnel assigned at the Salaam Police Center to be more
effective in their basic police service, and encouraging the assignment of recruits to the Salaam
Police Center after basic training with the permanency of assignment depending on their
performance;
9. Formulate specific PNP policy raising the consciousness of its personnel in the religious, social,
cultural aspects of the Muslims which are sensitive to Islam faith and which could built significant
development in the peace process; and
10. Close coordination with the Office of the Nationl Commission on Muslim Filipinos for the Muslim
PNP personnel to participate on the Hajj mission subject to availability of funds.

COUNTER RADICALIZATION AND DERADICALIZATION ASPECTS

Counter radicalization reverses radicalization to discourage extremists from using

violence, terrorism, and preventing Muslim recruitment, aiming to eradicate radical intent.
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BARANGAY PEACEKEEPING PCR OPERATIONS

BARANGAY PEACEKEEPING ACTION TEAM (BPAT) desks shall be established in the City
and Municipal Police Stations or the Police Community Precincts in the urban centers.the PCR Officer
becomes the BPAT Officer. Traditional PCR functions and the Beat Patrol System will be implemented
by the BPAT Officers. Inherent to their functions as BPAT members are their involvement in an on
the-spot community/barangay conflict resolution. When confronted by such situation, a BPAT
member(s) is obliged to bring the parties before the Barangay Peacekeeping Desk (BPD) within their
locality and address the issues in such a manner that will bring harmony to all party concerned.

Examples
The Barangay Captain, or Punong Barangay, assumes the role of the chief executive officer of the
barangay. They implement policies and programs that directly impact the lives of community
members, ensuring peace, order, and the overall welfare of constituents.

Barangay councilor (Barangay Kagawad): Working alongside the Barangay Captain, Barangay
Kagawad, or council members, serve as the bridge between the community and the elected leader.

These Kagawad take on various roles within the barangay's committees, addressing the diverse
needs of the community and ensuring that no voice goes unheard
community police -(Tanods) are "front liners in the preparation and response to any type of atrocities,
public disorders, emergencies and even disasters or man-made calamities that threaten peace and
order and public safety." They may be unarmed or armed with a baton or bolo knife (a type of
machete).

PCR'S APPROACH IN INTERNAL SECURITY OPERATION

Internal security issues persist, causing socio-economic consequences. Government and

instrumentalities use an "all of government" approach to curb insurgency, with the PNP
implementing the PNP ISO Plan Samahan 2011.
The PCR approach aims to improve security and safety in Filipino communities’ and-smooth off
sharp edges where the stronger arm of the law made mistakes in transforming the environment
into safer communities.

As such, the PCR phased the operations through the INFLUENCE- ORGANIZE-MOBILIZE-
SECURE (IOMS) concept as an antidote to the CPP/NPA/NDF's (CNN) method of winning the
countryside with their INFORM-AGITATE-MOBILIZE (IAM) technique. The IOMS concept is simply a
war of information with a battle cry "winning the communities" as follows;

INFLUENCE
Influencing involves persuading people to actively participate in ensuring peace and order without
pushing or forcing. Three crucial steps serve as prerequisites to the influencing process.
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ORGANIZE
Organizing community members for police anti-crime activities fosters participation, involvement,
and belongingness through school-based, out-of-school youth, and community-based organizations.

MOBILIZE
Community interventions targeting risk factors and introducing protective measures, to prevent anti-
social behavior.

SECURING COMMUNITIES

1. Area Visit
Form of patrol to be conducted by RPSB/PPSC’s alone or jointly with a two- person
team from the concerned police station. Its purpose is not only to ensure the protection of the
barangay and the household being visited but also to check on the following as provided in the
following campaign plans;

 Presence of antigovernment movement armed components ( Campaign Plan sandugo)

 Presence of organized gangs (Campaign Plan Sandigan)
 Indication of Clandestine laboratory (Sangbanat)
 Indication of flood and erosion potential ( Saklolo)
 Illegal logging and poaching of wild animals( Sangyaman)
 Presence of threat groups ( Sang- ingat)

2. House Visits
House visit for the conduct of interpersonal interaction is an effective tool of forging
a relationship with the communities, connect with them and inform them of various matters
that affect their lives.

3. Community profiling
Knowing every bit of information about the community makes the job of the police
in the community policing easier. It involves the following

3.1 Community Mapping

The road network and access to a community and between communities should be profiled in
standard format with names of street, road, drives, avenues, and highway indicated, and with
important access between trails.

3.2 Household profiling

The household profiling shall be undertaken by PCR operators during house Visits which
involves getting the identities, ages profile, job profile, religious profile, educational profile and
economic profile of occupants.
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GROUP 3

BLOCK C – 3 RD
YEAR

RUIVIVAR, AELER NERIC SUMIL, ANGELICA

DIAZ, JEFFREY JOSE AYCARDO, ANNIE

ABRIGO, ROSABEL BALON, JOSHUA

MENDEZ, MARK DOMINIC LAPID, ERICKSON

NAGERA, CARL VINCENT VILLANA, JAYNALD

ALMACIN, NOEL VECINO, JERICK

CARO, MARIEL SANFERNANDO, NILO

SAN JUAN, RAYMAR VILLAROSA, ERWIN