REVIEW NOTES : FOR NAVIGATION 2023

MIDTERM

1. Which magnetism remains after the magnetizing force is removed

a. Residual Magnetism
b. Induced Magnetism
c. Permanent Magnetism
d. Terrestrial magnetism

2. How many degrees in one point of a compass?

a. 11.15°
b. 11.25°
c. 11.05°
d. 11.35°

3. ____________ is the angle between the geographic and magnetic meridians

a. deviation
b. Residual Magnetism
c. Variation
d. Magnets

4. Which of the following bridge equipment measure the depth of the water?
a. Engine telegraph
b. Gyro compass
c. Echo sounder
d. Magnetic compass

5. Echo sounder works on the principle of;

a. Reflection of acoustic energy
b. Trilateration mathematical principle
c. Principle of photo conductivity
d. Principle of transferring data electronically

6. How many points are there in a compass?

a. 22 points
b. 32 points
c. 42 points
d. 52 points

7. I. Echo sounder works the time interval between emission and return of a pulse is
recorded, which is used to determine the depth of water along with the speed of
sound in water at the time
II. Echo sounder transducers are characterized by high quality, precision and accuracy
III. Echo sounder “Gain Control” regulates the amplification of the received signals
IV. Echo sounder is a type of SONAR used to determine the depth of water by
transmitting sound pulses into water.

a. All of the statement are true

 b. Only statement I and II are true
c. Only statement III and IV are true
d. All of the statement are false

8. I. NORTH EAST
II. SOUTH EAST
III. NORTH WEST
IV. SOUTH WEST

a. All that listed above are cardinal direction

b. All that listed above are intercardinal direction
c. All that listed above are intermediate direction
d. All that listed above are bogus direction

9. Which of the following is the fundamental law of magnetism

a. Unlike poles attracts while like poles repel
b. Unlike poles repel while like poles attracts
c. Unlike poles repel while like poles repel
d. Unlike poles attracts while like poles attracts

10. _____________ is caused by magnetism within the vessel

a. Deviation
b. Variation
c. Division
d. Visitation

11. I. Illumination control

II. Range selector
III. Gain control
IV. EBL control

a. All are the basic control of echo sounder

b. All are not echo sounder basic control
c. Only figure I, II and III are the basic control of echo sounder
d. Only figure II, III and IV are the basic control of echo sounder

12. Which of the following are cardinal points?

a. North East, South East, North West, South West
b. North, East, South, West
c. N by E, E by N, E by S, S by E, W by S, S by W, W by N, N by W
d. NNE, ENE, ESE, SSE, SSW, WSW, WNW, NNW

13. Which part of the magnetic compass which has two pivots that fit in a metal ring
a. Float
b. Gimbals
c. Fluid
d. Lubbers line

14. Identify the parts of the magnetic compass that is graduated from 0° to 360°
a. Lubbers line
b. Fluid
c. Compass card
d. Gimbals

15. Your ship’s true course is 315°, you notice a target 50° starboard, what is her true
bearing?
a. 005°
b. 015°
c. 025°
 d. 035°

16. How will you differentiate magnetic north from compass north
a. Compass north is the reference direction or the origin of measurement of
compass direction while magnetic north is the reference direction or the origin
of measurement of compass direction
b. Compass north is the reference direction or the origin of measurement of
magnetic direction while magnetic north is the reference direction or the origin
of measurement of magnetic direction
c. Compass north is the reference direction or the origin of measurement of
magnetic direction while magnetic north is the reference direction or the origin
of measurement of compass direction
d. Compass north is the reference direction or the origin of measurement of
compass direction while magnetic north is the reference direction or the origin
of measurement of magnetic direction

17. If your ship’s true course is 030° and you observe a target 40° portside, what is her
true bearing and relative bearing?
a. T/B= 000° / R/B= 030°
b. T/B= 350° / R/B= 000°
c. T/B= 320° / R/B= 350°
d. T/B= 350° / R/B= 320°

18. It is a process of neutralizing undesired magnetic effects on a magnetic compass

a. Swinging
b. Compass adjustment
c. Compass compensate
d. Altering course

19. Which of the following echo sounder control regulates the amplification of the
received signals?
a. Range selector
b. Gain control
c. EBL control
d. Illumination control

20. How are you going to check your echo sounder performance?
a. By asking the captain
b. Through regular maintenance
c. Turn on and turn off the switch
d. By looking on the display

21. How does magnetic compass works?

a. Works through deviation
b. Works through satellites
c. Works through magnetic field of the earth
d. Works through Variation

22. Usually measured from 000° at the heading, clockwise through 360° but sometimes
conveniently measured right or left from 0° at ship’s head through 180°
a. Compass bowl
b. Compass card
c. Relative bearing
d. Magnets
23. Your vessel is steering197° (psc) and true course is 200° T, Variation for the area is
7°E. what is the deviation
a. 14° W
b. 14° E
c. 14° N
d. 14° S
24. Variation 5° 43’ W in 2013, annual change 10’ decreasing. Find Variation in 2016.
a. 5° 13’ W
b. 6° 14’ W
c. 7° 15’ E
d. 8° 16’ E

25. In what direction is the magnetic compass pointing if it is influenced by the earth’s
magnetic field and is free from magnetic influence of surrounding structures
a. Magnetic south
b. Magnetic east
c. Magnetic north
d. Magnetic west

26. The true course drawn in the chart from one way point to the next way point is 087°
(T). The variation in the area, corrected for annual change is 12°E and compass course
is 092° (psc), what will be the deviation?
a. 16.5° W
b. 17° W
c. 16.5° E
d. 17° E

27. You make a true course of 129°. The variation for the area is 7° E, and compass
course is 118°(psc), gyro compass error is 2°W. an easterly wind produces a 4°
leeway. What is the deviation
a. 4° W
b. 4° E
c. 4° N
d. 4° S

28. ________ is the difference between magnetic north and compass north
a. Variation
b. Compass error
c. Deviation
d. Bearing

29. What will be produced if the resultant vertical magnetism of the ship on even keel,
not directed through the compass itself
a. Deviation
b. Variation
c. Compass error
d. Bearing

30. Find variation in 2016. Charted year is 1994, Variation on that area is 15° 30’ W
annual change of 6’W (increasing)
a. 17° 42’ E
b. 17° 42’ W
c. 19° 42’ E
d. 19° 42’ W
PROBLEM SOLUTION and COMPUTATIONS : REVIEW

23. Your vessel is steering197° (psc) and true course is 200° T, Variation for the area is 7°E.
what is the deviation
a. 14° W
b. 14° E True course =200°
c. 14° N Variation = 7° E
d. 14° S Magnetic = 183°
Deviation = 14° W
Compass (psc) = 197°

24. Variation 5° 43’ W in 2013, annual change 10’ E decreasing. Find Variation in 2016.
a. 5° 13’ W
b. 6° 14’ W Required year = 2016
c. 7° 15’ E Charted year = 2013
d. 8° 16’ E 3 years
10’ E
= 30’ ÷ 60
= 0.5 (inv. Deg)
= 0° 30’ E same name +
Variation in 2013 = 5° 43’ W diff. name -
5° 13’ W
Affix the name of the quantity of greater value

26. The true course drawn in the chart from one way point to the next way point is 087° (T).
the variation in the area, corrected for annual change is 12°E and compass course is
092° (psc), what will be the deviation?
a. 16.5° W T = 087°
b. 17° W V = 12° E
c. 16.5° E M = 075°
d. 17° E D = 17° W
C = 092°

27. You make a true course of 129°. The variation for the area is 7° E, and compass course is
118°(psc), gyro compass error is 2°W. an easterly wind produces a 4° leeway. What is
the deviation
a. 4° W
b. 4° E T = 129°
c. 4° N V = 7° E
d. 4° S M = 122°
D= 4° E
C = 118°
 30. Find variation in 2016. Charted year is 1994, Variation on that area is 15° 30’ W annual
change of 6’W (increasing)
a. 17° 42’ E
b. 17° 42’ W Required year = 2016
c. 19° 42’ E Charted year = 1994
d. 19° 42’ W 22 years
Annual change = 6’ W (increasing)

= 132’ ÷ 60
= 2.2 (inv. Deg)
= 2° 12’ W
Variation in 1994 = 15° 30’ W
17° 42’ W

Prepared by :

SIR ESTO