ASSIGNMENT-5: Lightwave Networks

Problems on Miscellaneous Topics

1) (a) Draw a simple architecture of an unprotected TDM PON architecture consisting of OLT,
OPS (optical splitter), and ONUs.

(b) Consider that the asymptotic unavailability of the network components is given by Ux = τR ×
failure rate, with x representing the various PON elements/devices. Using this model and the
following values of Ux’s, estimate the worst-case availability of the ONU connections in the
unprotected TDM PON. Assume that the PON has a feeder length of 15 km and the distribution
fibers are all within 5 km.

Asymptotic unavailability:
OLT: UOLT = 5.12 × 10−7,
ONU: UONU = 5.12 × 10−7,
optical fiber: UF = 3.42 × 10−6/km,
remote node (RN) using optical splitter (OSP): URN = UOSP = 10−7.

2) Repeat the above problem with a TDM PON using the Type-A protection scheme.
Consider the asymptotic unavailability of optical switch: UOS = 4 × 10−7.

3) With proper justification find relations to compute: I) Shared-path protection switching time, II)
Link restoration time.

4) In a wavelength-routed WDM optical network, two access stations (IP routers) are connected
to two different wavelength crossconnects (nodes) with 4 intermediate nodes between the two
given nodes. Each fiber between any two nodes supports 4 wavelengths. Suppose 0.7 is the
probability that a wavelength is being used on a fiber for an ongoing session.
(i) Find the probability that a new session request is blocked when nodes are not equipped with
wavelength converters.
(ii) Find the probability that a new session request is blocked when nodes are also equipped
with wavelength converters.

5) Suppose a 10G EPON has 6 active ONUs. Each ONU has a capacity max. of 40,000 Bytes in a cycle
and the channel upstream data rate is 10 Gbps. The guard time between the transmissions is kept as 1
micro sec. and the data transmission overhead is 72 Bytes per ONU (including the Request message
and the preamble). The IPACT protocol is followed for upstream transmission. If, in a cycle, the
requests from 6 ONUs (ONU1 to ONU6 respectively) are made for buffer occupancy of 10,000, 20,000,
40,000, 42,000, and 50,000 Bytes, then what will be the allocation, cycle time as well as the overall
wastage for:
(i) Fixed allocation
(ii) Limited allocation.

6) Consider a dispersion-flattened single-mode optical fiber with 6ps/nm-km dispersion over

the 1550nm-transmission window. The fiber employs WDM transmission in the same
transmission window with 35 wavelengths over a 500km link. Calculate the maximum
achievable transmission capacity (in Gigabits/sec) in the given WDM optical link (assume
lasers with the spectral width of 10 GHz.