STRUCTURAL RESTORATION DESIGN PROCESS Androniki Miltiadou-Fezans, Dr Civil Engineer, Greek Ministry of Cutture"MASONRY MONUMENTS AND — HISTORIC BUILDINGS During their VARIOUS ACTIONS long life ws — NON STRUCTURAL STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS PROBLEMS — w Concerning Concerning deficiencies deficiencies of the Of the structure as a materials whole, influencing its influencing their bearing capacity and its aesthetic mechanical behaviour appearance under various conditions —_> USUALLY HISTORIC STRUCTURES SUFFER FROM BOTH, EITHER SIMULTANEOUSLY OR THE ONE BEING THE RESULT OF THE OTHER Androniki Miltiadou-Fezans, Dr Civil Engineer, Greek Ministry of CultureSTRUCTURAL PROBLEMS EXTEND OF SPECIFIC STUDIES INTERVENTION AND RESEARCH ARE NECESSARY TO DEFINE MATERIALS TECHNIQUES <= BASIC CONSERVATION PRINCIPLES Respect of the monument’s integrity Cultural, aesthetic, historic, structurah,... Androniki Miftiadou-Fezans, Dr Civil Engineer, Greek Ministry of CuftureCRITERIA FOR THE SELECTION OF MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES ————— Evaluate the consequences DURABILITY > GFsheir long term behaviour REVERSIBILITY )} When possible Of) oe Bee ) Avoid patchwork??? DINSTICTION USUALLY IT IS DIFFICULT TO SATISFY SIMILTANEOUSLY ALL THESE CRITERIA w MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH ww EVERY bk wen BEST MONUMENT ) unique compromise Androniki Miltiadou-Fezans, Dr Civil Engineer, Greek Ministry of CulturePROCE.OURE DE CONSERVATION JINSPECTION | Vv CHOX DU TYPE INTERVENTION a _ Ny INIERVENTON = MIESURES AENTS ETENQUE PURGENCE XLOKHAGES bento ETUDE ETUDE QETAILLEE SMOLIFEE. FROCE S645 ZONTNY OBLIGATION « DOCUMENTATION CETAILEEKEY STEPS FOR DETERMINING INTERVENTION ————— FIRST Attention: This first approach is very INSPECTION > important Detailed notes must be - taken concerning both the problems encounterd and the possible factors influencing them Humidity-inspection B A phase of the roof - phase ! _gFontrol of ties Separation of walls Degradation of eri Wall out of rendering vertical o What to observe ? ° Different phases of construction Load bearing structure: type and quality of construction, initial and repair materials, cracks, deformations, material decay, humidity, condition of ties and roof, ... e Foundations, type of soil, vegetation, water level,.. © Special problems that require immediate measures: shorring, demolition, bracing, relief of loads,..- Greek Ministry of Culture Androniki Miltiadou-Fezans, Dr Civil Engineer,URGENT MEASURES © Demolition of dangerous elements © Evacuation to protect human lifes ° Propping, shoring, bracing to relief loads Su peot shore « a aputala ATTENTION a special design project for the urgent measures is necessary when important structures are concerned tighten Katholikon of Hosios Loukas Monastery Androniki Miltiadou-Fezans, Dr Civil Engineer, Greek Ministry of CultureMESURES D' URGENCE lp Tirants troy sversann acier & belts Murage dey boven ek eine wrege dessiny de Pree Pichord /2dtion de t' imento ROMNT wmesucen D2 ucqgenlea eeces una CUiwme.& 10. 20. YNOYPFEIO MOAITIZMOY -_|- __4/SHE. A.B.M.M. EPro:Nom chi womeamen® EXEAIALTE XTIZ (9) EMI MEPOTE HMEPOAOTIAKEE. ANTIZTOIXEZ METABOAEE THE PEQMETPIAE TOT PHIMATO: o Ee aay 10. <~8E i QEIKTBE PHTMATQN © BEZH NOT TONOCETHOHKE 0 SEIKTHE: jEmdreait exack — - Debut de. mesure Yyauge. aA zero Suine des deplacenerts des paresis de Q° ouy ew bhuce de Qe Lissure Avart , durant et apres Jes trovosx de consolidation .SURVEY AND DOCUMENTATION ARCHITECTURAL DOCUMENTATION DOCUMENTATION Survey, phases of construction, archaeological and historical documentation and research e Survey of the load bearing sructure and the possible alterations to the structural scheme during monument’ s life, e Survey of the diffenrent materials, types and qualities of construction e Survey of the damages e Collection of information on previous repair works, response during past eathquakes or other actions and pre-existing damages ws FIRST QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE CAUSES OF DAMAGE Androniki Miltiadou-Fezans, Dr Civil Engineer, Greek Ministry of CultureASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS DATA AND ASSUMPTIONS EME ) FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND MATERIAL DECAY e Physico-chemical and mechanical characteristics of construction materials e Strength of masonry e Integrity of masonry (cavities, metal connectors, timber ties, ...) MONUMENT » Geological and geothechnical FOUNDATION » characteristics, water level SOIL Assessment of seismic action ENVIRONMENT » Physical Artificial Possiple pollutions Androniki Miltiadou-Fezans, Dr Civil Engineer, Greek Ministry of Culture~ SRUCTURAL ANALYSIS © Assumptions: actions, resistance capacity, A deep knowledge rupture criteria, limit of the monument’s conditions, ... structure, its damage e Modelling of the whole haved aa structure or only the pa ogy is an defective parts indispensable prerequisite in order © Determination of the load = to exploit the and stress distribution possibilities of the analysis. Estimation of the residual strength Criterion for the reliability of the analysis results is the capacity of the selected models to lead through this quantative approach fo the determination of the most severe damages and their causes SYNTHESIS OF ALL THE ABOVE STUDIES AND RESEARSHES — DIAGNOSIS AND SAFETY EVALUATION Androniki Miltiadou-Fezans, Dr Civil Engineer, Greek. Ministry. of CultureSTRUCTURAL THERAPY. Identification of — » Control of the causes intervention extend of damage by comparing: > Repair load requirements : and actual capacity > Strengthening if necessary Alternative ) Structural analysis proposals to estimate their Selection of the option ) Dimentioning which meets structural of selected - requirements with least interventions harm to the monument on FINAL CONSTRUCTION PLANS AND TASK DESCRIPTION Androniki Miltiadou-Fezans, Dr Civil Engineer, Greek Ministry of CultureCONTROL » Implement the selected interventions ensuring they are valid to site conditions or make all the necessary alterations in ordrer to make them adjust » Implement non destructive tests or extraction of cores to verify the efficiency of some applications ( eg. grouting) Ensure completion of as-built drawings Ensure the implementation of a maintenance plan including monitoring for the most important monuments » Ensure periodical structural inspection Androniki Miltiadou-Fezans, Dr Civil Engineer, Greek Ministry of CultureJou (7) inokarartatn me TEMENTENErE:T rcement grouting — SEER enitxvri ME METAAAIKA TTOXEIA : Stranqinening by mieansof reinforteme® a - (7 anoxsrararn me pitnanceit resin grouting . EEE naanonne mebener seme gs ch A- tensioned caleies . XAAINO! IYPPAGHE (KAEIAIA) ADO PHTINORONIA: StibChes. Posh: bs ae TURAME ANTOXME (NOATMEPIKO. MAETON) WO. Fig. 70a: Panagia Antivouniotissa in - Corfu, damage survey, section showing erach 4 ies. A case of their adjacent areas. Fig. 70b: Panagia Antivouniotissa. Final intervention drawing where are recorded all the types of intervention. Fig. 71: Gravity grouting.